Anarchism (from Greek ἀν (without) + ἄρχειν (to rule) + ισμός (from stem -ιζειν), "without archons," "without rulers") is a political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support anarchy or the elimination of state, abolition of private property, and prefigurative politics (i.e. modes of organization that consciously resemble the world you want to create. Or, as an anarchist historian of the revolution in Spain formulated, "an effort to think of not only the ideas but the facts of the future itself".) Though the terms "anarchist" and "anarchy" have been used to describe purported anti-statists and their positions since ancient times, political anarchism originates with the first self-declared anarchist, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's publication of What is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government in 1840. Proudhon's famous declaration that " Property is Theft!," along with his less famous declaration that "Property is Liberty," inspired different anarchist economic models throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. While political anarchism has its roots in the same 19th century social foment that produced Marxism, the two philosophies diverged sharply, beginning with a personal split between Karl Marx and anarchist Mikhail Bakunin. Anarchists were active in the abolition of slavery, and have continually been active in the labor movement, civil rights, women's liberation, both anti-capitalism and pro-capitalism (with varying definitions of capitalism), the anti-war movement, LGBT rights, both anti-globalization and pro-globalization (with varying definitions of globalization), tax resistance, and other forms of anarchist activism. (learn more...) | “ | Indeed: Who says anarchy, says negation of government; who says negation of government says affirmation of the people; who says affirmation of the people, says individual liberty; who says individual liberty, says sovereignty of each; who says sovereignty of each, says equality; who says equality, says solidarity or fraternity; who says fraternity, says social order.
By contrast: who says government, says negation of the people; who says negation of the people, says affirmation of political authority; who says affirmation of political authority, says individual dependency; who says individual dependency, says class supremacy; who says class supremacy, says inequality; who says inequality, says antagonism; who says antagonism, says civil war; from which it follows that who says government, says civil war.
Yes, anarchy is order, whereas government is civil war. | ” | | Anniversaries for January 1  - 1881 - Paris Commune leader Louis Auguste Blanqui (1805) dies, Paris. A huge crowd attends his funeral. Anarchist Louise Michel (pictured), among delegates & labor figures in attendance.
- 1895 - German anarchist, Rudolf Rocker arrives in London.
- 1898 - First Rio Grande do Sul State Congress, January 1-2. First formal meeting of workers to take up social ideas in Brazil, 10 organizations, including one identified as anarchist.
- 1900 - Daijiro Furuta born. Japanese anarchist, member of the Guillotine Society (Girochin Sha), an anarchist terrorist group.
- 1919 - Sara Berenguer born, Barcelona. Poet, anarchist member of Mujeres Libres.
- 1932 - The Nation magazine includes Emma Goldman's Living My Life among its list of most notable books of 1931.
- 1984 - Augustin Souchy (1892-1984), German anarchist pacifist, dies (age 92).
- 2000 - Arthur Lehning (1899-2000) dies (age 100). Anarchist, anti-militarist, former secretary of the anarcho-syndicalist International Workers Association (1932-1935), essayist, and the sole editor of the avant-garde journal i 10.
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