Polyuria

ICD-10	R35.
ICD-9	788.42
MeSH	D011141

In medicine, polyuria is a condition characterized by the passage of large volumes of urine (at least 2.5 L over 24 hours in adults).[1]

Polyuria often appears in conjunction with polydipsia (increased thirst), though it is possible to have one without the other, and the latter may be a cause or an effect. Psychogenic polydipsia may lead to polyuria.

Polyuria is physiologically normal in some circumstances, such as cold diuresis, altitude diuresis, and after drinking large amounts of fluids.

[edit] Causes of polyuria

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• increase in fluid intake, especially water
• diuretic drugs
• diuretic foods (foods and beverages containing caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea, and soft drinks; hot spicy foods; juices high in acid; alcoholic beverages; etc.)
• diabetes mellitus
• diabetes insipidus
• psychogenic polydipsia
• high doses of riboflavin (vitamin B2)
• high doses of vitamin C
• cold diuresis
• Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome
• altitude diuresis
• interstitial cystitis
• interstitial nephritis
• lupus erythematosus or other connective tissue disease related cystitis
• Sjögren's syndrome
• Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
• renal tubular acidosis
• Fanconi syndrome/renal glycosuria
• hypercalcaemia
• hyperthyroidism
• hypopituitarism
• pregnancy
• reactive arthritis/Reiter's syndrome
• glomerulonephritis
• squamous cell carcinoma of lung (a paraneoplastic consequence)
• hypoaldosteronism
• hypokalemia
• polydipsia
• congestive heart failure
• Cushing's syndrome
• Addison's disease
• intestinal obstruction (occurs after toxins begin to be absorbed from the damaged intestine)
• hypercalcemia (most commonly from cancer)
• hyperparathyroidism^[1]
• acromegaly
• polycythemia
• partial obstruction of the urinary tract
• pheochromocytoma
• side effect of lithium (see lithium thirst)
• liver failure/ cirrhosis
• pyometra in certain animals or appendicitis in humans
• neurologic damage
• urinary tract infection - although it more commonly causes frequent passage of small volumes of urine rather than a large volume
• emphysematous cystitis
• post supraventricular tachycardia
• migraine
• Use of a corticosteroid such as prednisone
• nephronophthisis
• Treatment of Lithium as a mood stabilizer for numerous mood disorders have a common side effect of Polyuria.
• Hyperglycaemia (often secondary to diabetes mellitus)
• Hypoxia
• Hypovolemia
• Chronic Renal Failure
• Removal of Urinary Obstruction
• Healing Acute Tubular Necrosis

[edit] References

v • d • e Symptoms and signs: urinary system/reproductive system (R30-R39, 788) Pain Renal colic · Dysuria · Vesical tenesmus Control Urinary incontinence/Enuresis (Diurnal enuresis, Nocturnal enuresis) · Urinary retention Volume Oliguria/Anuria · Polyuria Other urination disorders Nocturia Extravasation of urine · Extrarenal uremia urinary system navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/acid+base/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc reproductive system navs: anat female,male/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc