Polka dot jersey  | | Award details | | Sport | Road Cycling | | Competition | Tour de France | | Given for | Best climber in mountain stages | | Local name(s) | Maillot à pois rouges (French) | | History | | First award | 1933 | | Editions | 69 | | First winner |  Vicente Trueba | | Most wins |  Richard Virenque - 7 times
| | Most recent |  Franco Pellizotti | The King of the Mountains classification in the Tour de France is a secondary classification in the Tour de France, in which cyclists receive points for reaching a mountain top first. The leader of the classification is named the "King of the Mountains", and since 1975 wears the polka dot jersey (French: maillot à pois rouges), a white jersey with red dots. [edit] History Since 1905, the organising newspaper l'Auto named one cyclist of the Tour de France the meilleur grimpeur (best climber).[1] In 1933, Vicente Trueba was the winner of this classification. However, Trueba was a very bad descender, so he never gained anything from reaching the tops first. The Tour de France director, Henri Desgrange, decided that cyclists should receive a bonus for reaching the tops first. From 1934 on, the gap between the first and the second cyclist to reach the top was given as a time bonus to the one reaching the top first. These time bonuses were later removed, but the King of the Mountain recognition remained.[2] Although the best climber was first recognised in 1933, the distinctive jersey was not introduced until 1975. The colours were decided by the then sponsor, Poulain Chocolate or Chocolat Poulain, to match a popular product; some say the colours were inspired by a jersey that the former organiser, Félix Lévitan saw while at the Vélodrome d'Hiver track in Paris in his youth. Currently the jersey is sponsored by Carrefour supermarkets, which has sponsored the jersey since 1993, initially under the Champion brand, it switched to the main Carrefour brand for the 2009 edition of the Tour. The Tour's jersey colours have also been adopted by other cycling stage races; for example, the Tour of Britain also has a polka dot jersey. [edit] Current situation At the top of each climb in the Tour, there are points for the riders who are first over the top. The climbs are divided into categories from 1 (most difficult) to 4 (least difficult) based on their difficulty, measured as a function of their steepness and length. A few of the very hardest climbs were originally given different individual points scales, and were thus listed as "uncategorised" (Hors catégorie, a term that has since passed into the French language to refer to any exceptional phenomenon); however, since the 1980s in fact the hors catégorie climbs have been given a single points scale and effectively became, despite the name, just a top category above category 1. In 2004, the scoring system was changed such that the first rider over a fourth category climb was awarded 3 points while the first to complete a hors catégorie climb would win 20 points. Further points over a fourth category climb are only for the top three places while on a hors catégorie climb the top ten riders are rewarded. Since 2004, points scored on the final climb of the day have been doubled where that climb was at least a second category climb.[3] [edit] Distribution of points The points that are gained by climbing the mountains are distributed according to the following classification: - Hors Catégorie climbs: 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 7, 6 and 5 points respectively for the 1st until the 10th rider to climb the mountain
- First category climbs: 15, 13, 11, 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 points respectively for the 1st until the 8th rider to climb the mountain
- Second category climbs: 10, 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 points respectively for the 1st until the 6th rider to climb the mountain
- Third category climbs and hills : 4, 3, 2 and 1 point, respectively for the 1st until the 4th rider to climb the hill
- Fourth category climbs (hills): 3, 2, and 1 point, respectively for the 1st until the 3rd rider to climb the hill.
The points of the last climb in the stage are doubled, but only for the HC, 1st and 2nd category. The organisation of the race determines which mountains are included for the mountains classification and in which category they are. If two riders have an equal number of points, the rider with the most first places on the hors catégorie cols, is declared winner. If the riders arrived first an equal number of times, the first places on the 1st category cols are compared. Should the two riders again have an equal number of first arrivals in this category, the organization looks at mutual results in the 2nd , 3rd and 4th category, until a winner is found. If the number of first arrivals in all categories is equal for both riders, the rider with the highest position in the overall list of rankings receives the mountain jersey. [edit] Kings of the Mountains [edit] Repeat winners | Rank | Name | Country | Wins | Years | | 1 | Richard Virenque | France | 7 | 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2004 | | 2 | Federico Bahamontes |  Spain | 6 | 1954, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1964 | | Lucien Van Impe |  Belgium | 6 | 1971, 1972, 1975, 1977, 1981, 1983 | | 4 | Julio Jiménez | Spain | 3 | 1965, 1966, 1967 | | 5 | Felicien Vervaecke | Belgium | 2 | 1935, 1937 | | Gino Bartali | Italy | 2 | 1938, 1948 | | Fausto Coppi | Italy | 2 | 1949, 1952 | | Charly Gaul |  Luxembourg | 2 | 1955, 1956 | | Imerio Massignan | Italy | 2 | 1960, 1961 | | Eddy Merckx | Belgium | 2 | 1969, 1970 | | Luis Herrera |  Colombia | 2 | 1985, 1987 | | Claudio Chiappucci | Italy | 2 | 1991, 1992 | | Laurent Jalabert | France | 2 | 2001, 2002 | | Michael Rasmussen |  Denmark | 2 | 2005, 2006 | [edit] List of meilleur grimpeurs This list shows the cyclists who were chosen meilleur grimpeur by the newspaper l'Auto. Although l'Auto was organising the Tour de France, the meilleur grimpeur title was not given by the tour organisation, so it is unofficial. However, it is a direct predecessor of the later King of the Mountains title. [4][5] | | Rider | Team | | 1905 | | Pottier, ReneRené Pottier (FRA) | | | 1906 | | Pottier, ReneRené Pottier (FRA) | | | 1907 | | Georget, EmileEmile Georget (FRA) | | | 1908 | | Garrigou, GustaveGustave Garrigou (FRA) | | | 1909 | | Faber, FrancoisFrançois Faber (LUX) | | | 1910 | | Lapize, OctaveOctave Lapize (FRA) | | | 1911 | | Duboc, PaulPaul Duboc (FRA) | | | 1912 | | Defraeye, OdielOdiel Defraeye (BEL) | | | 1913 | | Thys, PhilippePhilippe Thys (BEL) | | | 1914 | | Lambot, FirminFirmin Lambot (BEL) | | | 1919 | | Barthelemy, HonoreHonoré Barthélemy (FRA) | | | 1920 | | Lambot, FirminFirmin Lambot (BEL) | | | 1921 | | Heusghem, HectorHector Heusghem (BEL) | | | 1922 | | Alavoine, JeanJean Alavoine (FRA) | | | 1923 | | Pelissier, HenriHenri Pélissier (FRA) | | | 1924 |  | Bottecchia, OttavioOttavio Bottecchia (ITA) | | | 1925 | | Bottecchia, OttavioOttavio Bottecchia (ITA) | | | 1926 | | Buysse, LucienLucien Buysse (BEL) | | | 1927 | | Gordini, Giovanni-MicheleGiovanni-Michele Gordini (ITA) | | | 1928 | | Fontan, VictorVictor Fontan (FRA) | | | 1929 | | Fontan, VictorVictor Fontan (FRA) | | | 1930 | | Faure, BenoitBenoît Fauré (FRA) | | | 1931 | | Demuysere, JosephJoseph Demuysere (BEL) | | | 1932 | | Trueba, VicenteVicente Trueba (ESP) | | | [edit] List of overall King of Mountains winners | | Rider | Team | | 1933 | | Trueba, VicenteVicente Trueba (ESP) | Touriste-routier | | 1934 | | Vietto, ReneRené Vietto (FRA) | France | | 1935 | | Vervaecke, FelicienFélicien Vervaecke (BEL) | Belgium | | 1936 | | Berrendero, JulianJulian Berrendero (ESP) | Spain–Luxembourg | | 1937 | | Vervaecke, FelicienFélicien Vervaecke (BEL) | Belgium | | 1938 | | Bartali, GinoGino Bartali (ITA) | Italy | | 1939 | | Maes, SylvereSylvere Maes (BEL) | Belgium | | 1947 | | Brambilla, PierrePierre Brambilla (FRA) | Italy | | 1948 | | Bartali, GinoGino Bartali (ITA) | Italy | | 1949 | | Coppi, FaustoFausto Coppi (ITA) | Italy | | 1950 | | Bobet, LouisonLouison Bobet (FRA) | France | | 1951 | | Geminiani, RaphaelRaphaêl Géminiani (FRA) | France | | 1952 | | Coppi, FaustoFausto Coppi (ITA) | Italy | | 1953 |  | Lorono, JesusJésus Lorono (ESP) | Spain | | 1954 | | Bahamontes, FedericoFederico Bahamontes (ESP) | Spain | | 1955 | | Gaul, CharlyCharly Gaul (LUX) | Luxembourg–Mixed | | 1956 | | Gaul, CharlyCharly Gaul (LUX) | Luxembourg–Mixed | | 1957 | | Nencini, GastoneGastone Nencini (ITA) | Italy | | 1958 | | Bahamontes, FedericoFederico Bahamontes (ESP) | Spain | | 1959 | | Bahamontes, FedericoFederico Bahamontes (ESP) | Spain | | 1960 | | Massignan, ImerioImerio Massignan (ITA) | Italy | | 1961 | | Massignan, ImerioImerio Massignan (ITA) | Italy | | 1962 | | Bahamontes, FedericoFederico Bahamontes (ESP) | Marglat–Paloma–d'Alessandro | | 1963 | | Bahamontes, FedericoFederico Bahamontes (ESP) | Marglat–Paloma–Motul–Dunlop | | 1964 | | Bahamontes, FedericoFederico Bahamontes (ESP) | Margnat–Paloma–Dunlop | | 1965 | | Jimenez, JulioJulio Jimenez (ESP) | Kas–Kaskol | | 1966 | | Jimenez, JulioJulio Jimenez (ESP) | Ford-France–Hutchinson | | 1967 | | Jimenez, JulioJulio Jimenez (ESP) | Spain | | 1968 | | Gonzalez (cyclist), AurelioAurelio Gonzalez (cyclist) (ESP) | Spain | | 1969 | | Merckx, EddyEddy Merckx (BEL) | Faema | | 1970 | | Merckx, EddyEddy Merckx (BEL) | Faema–Faemino | | 1971 | | Van Impe, LucienLucien Van Impe (BEL) | Sonolor–Lejeune | | 1972 | | Van Impe, LucienLucien Van Impe (BEL) | Sonolor | | 1973 | | Torres, PedroPedro Torres (ESP) | La Casera–Bahamontes | | 1974 | | Perurena, DomingoDomingo Perurena (ESP) | KAS | | 1975 | | Van Impe, LucienLucien Van Impe (BEL) | Gitane | | 1976 | | Bellini, GiancarloGiancarlo Bellini (ITA) | Brooklyn | | 1977 | | Van Impe, LucienLucien Van Impe (BEL) | Lejeune–BP | | 1978 | | Martinez, MarianoMariano Martínez (FRA) | Jobo–Superia | | 1979 | | Battaglin, GiovanniGiovanni Battaglin (ITA) | Inoxpran | | 1980 | | Martin, RaymondRaymond Martin (FRA) | Miko-Mercier | | 1981 | | Van Impe, LucienLucien Van Impe (BEL) | Marc | | 1982 | | Vallet, BernardBernard Vallet (FRA) | La Redoute-Motobécane | | 1983 | | Van Impe, LucienLucien Van Impe (BEL) | Metauro Mobili | | 1984 |  | Millar, RobertRobert Millar (GBR) | Peugeot | | 1985 | | Herrera, LuisLuis Herrera (COL) | Café de Colombia | | 1986 | | Hinault, BernardBernard Hinault (FRA) | La Vie Claire | | 1987 | | Herrera, LuisLuis Herrera (COL) | Café de Colombia | | 1988 |  | Rooks, StevenSteven Rooks (NED) | PDM-Ultima-Concorde | | 1989 | | Theunisse, Gert-JanGert-Jan Theunisse (NED) | PDM-Ultima-Concorde | | 1990 | | Claveyrolat, ThierryThierry Claveyrolat (FRA) | R.M.O. | | 1991 | | Chiappucci, ClaudioClaudio Chiappucci (ITA) | Carrera Jeans – Tassoni | | 1992 | | Chiappucci, ClaudioClaudio Chiappucci (ITA) | Carrera Jeans – Vagabond | | 1993 |  | Rominger, TonyTony Rominger (SUI) | CLAS-Cajastur | | 1994 | | Virenque, RichardRichard Virenque (FRA) | Festina–Lotus | | 1995 | | Virenque, RichardRichard Virenque (FRA) | Festina–Lotus | | 1996 | | Virenque, RichardRichard Virenque (FRA) | Festina–Lotus | | 1997 | | Virenque, RichardRichard Virenque (FRA) | Festina–Lotus | | 1998 | | Rinero, ChristopheChristophe Rinero (FRA) | Cofidis | | 1999 | | Virenque, RichardRichard Virenque (FRA) | Team Polti | | 2000 | | Botero, SantiagoSantiago Botero (COL) | Kelme – Costa Blanca | | 2001 | | Jalabert, LaurentLaurent Jalabert (FRA) | CSC–Tiscali | | 2002 | | Jalabert, LaurentLaurent Jalabert (FRA) | CSC–Tiscali | | 2003 | | Virenque, RichardRichard Virenque (FRA) | Quick Step – Davitamon | | 2004 | | Virenque, RichardRichard Virenque (FRA) | Quick Step – Davitamon | | 2005 | | Rasmussen, MichaelMichael Rasmussen (DEN) | Rabobank | | 2006 | | Rasmussen, MichaelMichael Rasmussen (DEN) | Rabobank | | 2007 | | Soler, MauricioMauricio Soler (COL) | Barloworld | | 2008 |  | Kohl, BernhardBernhard Kohl[6] (AUT) | Gerolsteiner | | 2009 | | Pellizotti, FrancoFranco Pellizotti (ITA) | Liquigas | | [edit] Winners by Nation |
