Platyzoa
Bedford's Flatworm, Pseudobiceros bedfordi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Eumetazoa
(unranked):	Bilateria
Superphylum:	Platyzoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998
Phyla
Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathifera (unranked) Rotifera Acanthocephala Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Cycliophora

The Platyzoa (pronounced /ˌplætɨˈzoʊə/) are a group of protostome animals proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1998. Cavalier-Smith included in Platyzoa the Phylum Platyhelminthes or flatworms, and a new phylum, Acanthognatha, into which he gathered several previously described phyla of microscopic animals. Subsequent studies have supported Platyzoa as a clade,^[1] a monophyletic group of organisms with a common ancestor, while differing on the phyla included and on relationships within Platyzoa.

Contents 1 Phyla 2 Characteristics 3 Classification 4 References

[edit] Phyla

One current scheme places the following traditional phyla in Platyzoa:

• Platyhelminthes
• Gastrotricha
• Gnathifera
  • Rotifera
  • Acanthocephala
  • Gnathostomulida
  • Micrognathozoa
  • Cycliophora

[edit] Characteristics

The Platyhelminthes and Gastrotricha are acoelomate. The other phyla have a pseudocoel, and share characteristics such as the structure of their jaws and pharynx, although these have been secondarily lost in the parasitic Acanthocephala. They form a monophyletic subgroup called the Gnathifera.

The name "Platyzoa" is used because most members are flat, though rotifers are not.^[2]

[edit] Classification

The Platyzoa are close relatives of the Lophotrochozoa, and are sometimes included in that group. Together the two make up the Spiralia.

[edit] References

1. ^ Passamaneck Y, Halanych KM (July 2006). "Lophotrochozoan phylogeny assessed with LSU and SSU data: evidence of lophophorate polyphyly". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 40 (1): 20–8. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.001. PMID 16556507. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055-7903(06)00051-0. 
2. ^ "Explanations.html". http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/InvertZoo/Tree/Explanations.html. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 

• The Taxonomicon - Taxon: Infrakingdom Platyzoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - retrieved January 31, 2006
• The interrelationships of metazoan parasites: a review of phylum- and higher-level hypotheses from recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses - retrieved January 31, 2006
• Triploblastic Relationships with Emphasis on the Acoelomates and the Position of Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora, Plathelminthes, and Chaetognatha: A Combined Approach of 18S rDNA Sequences and Morphology - retrieved January 31, 2006
• Myzostomida Are Not Annelids: Molecular and Morphological Support for a Clade of Animals with Anterior Sperm Flagella - retrieved January 31, 2006
• Current advances in the phylogenetic reconstruction of metazoan evolution. A new paradigm for the Cambrian explosion? - retrieved January 31, 2006

v • d • e Opisthokonta: Extant phyla of kingdom Animalia by subkingdom Parazoa Porifera (Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida) · Placozoa (Trichoplax) Mesozoa Orthonectida · Rhombozoa Eumetazoa Radiata Ctenophora · Cnidaria (Anthozoa, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Staurozoa, Myxozoa) Bilateria Protostomia Ecdysozoa Cycloneuralia: Scalidophora (Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Priapulida) · Nematoida (Nematoda, Nematomorpha) Panarthropoda: Onychophora · Tardigrada · Arthropoda Spiralia Platyzoa Platyhelminthes · Gastrotricha Gnathifera: Rotifera · Acanthocephala · Gnathostomulida · Micrognathozoa · Cycliophora Lophotrochozoa Trochozoa (Sipuncula, Nemertea, Mollusca, Annelida, Echiura) · Brachiozoa Lophophorata (Bryozoa, Entoprocta, Phoronida, Brachiopoda) Deuterostomia Ambulacraria Hemichordata · Echinodermata · Xenoturbellida Chordata Craniata (Vertebrata, Hyperotreti) · Cephalochordata · Tunicata Basal/disputed Acoelomorpha (Acoela, Nemertodermatida) · Chaetognatha