Phylloquinone
IUPAC name	2-methyl-3-[(2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl]naphthoquinone
Identifiers
CAS number	84-80-0
PubChem	4812
SMILES	CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(\C)=C\CC2=C(C)C(=O)c1ccccc1C2=O
Properties
Molecular formula	C31H46O2
Molar mass	450.7 g mol−1
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Phylloquinone is a polycyclic aromatic ketone, based on 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, with a 3-phytyl substituent.

It is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stable to air and moisture but decomposes in sunlight. It is found naturally in a wide variety of green plants.

[edit] Terminology

It is often called vitamin K₁^[1] or phytonadione. Sometimes a distinction is made with phylloquinone considered natural and phytonadione considered synthetic.^[2]

A stereoisomer of phylloquinone is called vitamin k₁ (note the difference in capitalization).

[edit] Mechanism

Its best known mechanism of action is as a cofactor in the formation of coagulation factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X by the liver. Vitamin K₁ is commonly used to treat warfarin toxicity, and an antidote for coumatetralyl. It is also required for the formation of anticoagulant factors protein C and S. Vitamin K is also required bone protein formation.

Phylloquinone is an electron accepter in electron transport chain of chloroplasts.

[edit] See also

• Vitamin K
• Menatetrenone

[edit] References