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Pharyngeal pouch (embryology)
Pattern of the branchial arches. I-IV branchial arches, 1-4 branchial pouches (inside) and/or pharyngeal grooves (outside) a Tuberculum laterale b Tuberculum impar c Foramen cecum d Ductus thyreoglossus e Sinus cervicalis
Floor of pharynx of human embryo about twenty-six days old.
Gray's	subject #13 65
Carnegie stage	10

In the development of vertebrate animals, pharyngeal or branchial pouches form on the endodermal side between the branchial arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches.

The pouches line up with the clefts,^[1] and these thin segments become gills in fish.

Contents 1 Specific pouches 1.1 First pouch 1.2 Second pouch 1.3 Third pouch 1.4 Fourth pouch 1.5 Fifth pouch 2 See also 3 References 4 External links

[edit] Specific pouches

[edit] First pouch

The endoderm lines the future auditory tube, middle ear, mastoid antrum, and inner layer of the tympanic membrane.

[edit] Second pouch

• Contributes to the middle ear, tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve.

[edit] Third pouch

• The third pouch possesses Dorsal and Ventral wings. Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve.

[edit] Fourth pouch

• Derivatives include the superior parathyroid glands and parafollicular C-Cells of the thyroid gland.

[edit] Fifth pouch

• Rudimentary structure, becomes part of the fourth pouch contributing to thyroid C-cells.^[2]

[edit] See also

• branchial arch
• DiGeorge syndrome

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Swiss embryology (from UL, UB, and UF) rrespiratory/korperhohlen01 (Item #1 at Fig. 14)
• Embryology at Temple parch98/ARCHII97/sld017
• hednk-021 — Embryology at UNC
• hednk-022 — Embryology at UNC
• Outline at howard.edu (scroll down to "III. THE PHARYNGEAL POUCHES")

v • d • e Human development of head and neck / branchial apparatus (GA 1.65) Nose Nasal placode · Olfactory pit · nasal prominences (Lateral, Medial) · Intermaxillary segment Mouth/neck Palate Primitive palate · Secondary palate 1st arch Frontonasal prominence · Maxillary prominence · Mandibular prominence (Meckel's cartilage) Anterior tongue: Lateral lingual swelling · Tuberculum impar Thyroid (pouches 3-5) Thyroid diverticulum · Thyroglossal duct · Ultimobranchial body General Pharyngeal groove (Cervical sinus) · Pharyngeal arch (1st, 2nd) · Pharyngeal pouch (Ultimobranchial body) respiratory system navs: anat nose,larynx/lower+thoracic cavity/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/tumors, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc mouth navs: anat/dev, noncongen/congen face/congen GI/neoplasia, symptoms, proc endocrine navs: anat/physio/dev/hormones, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc