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Countryside Dermatology & Laser Center | 2467 Enterprise Rd. Ste. A |... countrysidedermatology.co... | - Meditation and Yoga for Inner Peace and World Peace... dyc.org |
 The (First) Peace of Thorn (1411) was, like the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), a peace treaty between allied Poland and Lithuania on one side, and the Teutonic Order on the other. Signed on 1 February 1411 in one of the southernmost cities of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights, called Thorn in German by its founders and called Toruń in Polish, it formally ended the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411), which mainly comprised the Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg, 1410).
[edit] Border changesIn the north, the Teutonic Order relinquished its claims to the Lithuanian province of Samogitia for the lifetime of Poland's King Jogaila and Lithuania's Grand Duke Vytautas (in practice, forever). In the south, the Dobrzyń Land (Polish: Ziemia Dobrzyńska, German: Dobriner Land), which had been granted in 1228 by Duke Konrad I of Masovia to the Order of Dobrin, was ceded back to Poland. A piece of land (Polish: Ziemia Zawkrzańska, German: Land Sakrze), which had been mortgaged to the Order in 1384 by Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, for "4000 et 600 sexagenas grossorum bohemicalium boni argenti" [1] (4600*60= 276000 Prague groschen of pure silver), had to be restored to Poland's ally, Mazovia. [edit] RansomAfter the Battle of Grunwald, Poland's King held some 14,000 Teutonic nobles[citation needed] and their mercenaries as captives. Initially the Polish monarch demanded a high ransom for each knight, the amounts ranging from 100 to 200 thousand "times the amount of sixty Prague groschen" (between 19 and 38 kilograms of pure silver). In addition, the knights had to surrender a number of weapons to the Poles and pledge that they would never again raise their arms against the Polish Crown. Ultimately the peace treaty settled the question on the basis that the Polish King released all the captives in exchange for "100,000 times the amount of sixty Prague groschen" (nearly 20 metric tonnes of pure silver). [edit] AftermathIn the case of failure to pay one of the installments (four annual installments, 25,000 each), the indemnities were to rise by additional 720,000 Prague Groschen. The first two installments were paid in full by the Teutonic state, mostly with money from foreign credits taken in exchange for liturgical vessels and all the silver belonging to the Teutonic state. However, this proved to be a huge problem for the Teutonic treasury, as it was practically emptied by that time. In order to pay the remaining two installments, Heinrich von Plauen the Elder had to introduce high taxation. In addition, all of gold and silver in churches and castles of the state were confiscated and transported to Marienburg, for minting of new coins. In addition, von Plauen took even more credits from the kings of France and England, as well as from merchants of Paris, mayor of London, cities of Riga, Ghent, Hamburg, Bremen, Amsterdam, Antwerp and Leyden. Although the peace conditions were initially very reasonable and the Poles and Lithuanians demanded only small portions of land, the peace settlement ruined the Teutonic treasury for the centuries to come and the state never recovered. Opposition later organized as Prussian Confederation. [edit] References[edit] See also
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