Ottoman classical music (Klâsik Türk Mûsikîsi, Sanat Mûsikîsi, Saray Mûsikîsi) developed in palaces, mosques, and Mevlevi lodges of the Ottoman Empire. [1] Above all a vocal music, Classical Turkish Music traditionally accompanies a solo singer with a small instrumental ensemble. In recent times instruments might include tanbur lute, ney flute, kemençe fiddle, keman Western violin, kanun zither, or other instruments. Sometimes described as monophonic music, the variety of ornamentation and variation in the ensemble requires the more accurate term heterophonic.
[edit] Overview
[edit] Genres
Ottoman classical music comprises many genres, among which are the suites called fasıl. A fasıl typically includes many instrumental and/or vocal movements, including taksim, peşrev, şarkı, beste, and kar, among others.
[edit] Some Ottoman Composers
- Sultan Abdülazîz (1830-1876)
- Kara Ismail Ağa (1674-1724)
- Nikoğos Ağa (1836-1885)
- Sadik Ağa (1757-1815)
- Sadullah Ağa (1730-1807)
- Tanbûrî Numan Ağa (1750-1834)
- Zeki Mehmet Ağa (1776-1846)
- Refik Talat Alpman (1894-1947)
- Hüseyin Sadettin Arel (1880-1955)
- Giriftzen Asim (1852-1929)
- Lemi Atli (1869-1945)
- Reşat Aysu (1910-1999)
- Aleko Bacanos (1888-1950)
- Yorgo Bacanos (1900-1977)
- Hacı Arif Bey (1831-1885)
- Ismail Hakki Bey (1865-1927)
- Kaptanzade Ali Riza Bey (1883-1934)
- Neyzen Salim Bey (1829-1884)
- Rahmi Bey (1864-1924)
- Rifat Bey (1820-1888)
- Şevki Bey (1860-1891)
- Tanbûrî Cemil Bey (1871-1916)
- Tanbûrî Osman Bey (1816-1885)
- Ûdi Nevres Bey (1873-1937)
- Cevdet Çağla (1900-1988)
- Tanbûrî Mustafa Çavuş (1700-1770)
- Nayi Osman Dede (1652-1730)
- Neyzen Aziz Dede (1840-1905)
- Neyzen Emin Dede (1883-1945)
- Zekaî Dede (1816-1885)
- Dede Efendi (1778-1846)
- Kanuni Artaki Candan Efendi (1885-1948)
- Kemani Riza Efendi (1780-1852)
- Kemani Tatyos Efendi (1855-1913)
- Misirli Udi Ibrahim Efendi (1872-1933)
- Neyzen Dede Salih Efendi (1818-1888)
- Tab-i Mustafa Efendi (1705-1770)
- Rakim Elkutlu (1869-1948)
- Subhi Ezgi (1869-1962)
- Refik Fersan (1893-1965)
- Gazi Giray Han (1554-1607)
- Selahaddin Içli (1923- )
- Şerif Içli (1899-1956)
- Tanbûrî Isak (1745-1814)
- Sâdi Isilay (1899-1969)
- Buhurizade Itrî (1640-1711)
- Dilhayat Kalfa (1710-1780)
- Demetri Kantemir (1673-1723)
- Sadettin Kaynak (1895-1961)
- Udi Hrant Kenkulian (1901-1978)
- Tarik Kip (1927-2000)
- Fahri Kopuz (1882-1968)
- Abdülkadir Meragi (1353-1435)
- Zeki Müren (1931-1996)
- Seyfettin Osmanoğlu (1874-1926)
- Suphi Ziya Özbekkan (1887-1966)
- Sedat Öztoprak (1890-1942)
- Alaaddin Pakyüz ( - )
- Yusuf Paşa (1840-1895)
- Selahattin Pinar (1902-1960)
- Nuri Halil Poyraz (1885-1950)
- Hâfiz Post (1630-1694)
- Faruk Sahin (1957- )
- Erol Sayan (1936- )
- Selim III (1761-1808)
- Kemal Niyazi Seyhun (1885-1960)
- Bekir Sıdkı Sezgin (1936-1996)
- Ferit Sidal (1925- )
- Bimen Şen (1873-1943)
- Cinuçen Tanrıkorur (1938-2000)
- Serif Muhiddin Targan (1892-1967)
- Sükrü Tunar (1907-1962)
- Rauf Yekta (1871-1935)
[edit] External links
- Database of Turkish music, including the private archive of Ismâil Baha Sürelsan, a musicologist who specialized in Ottoman classical music
- Neyzen, the most complete collection of Ottoman sheet music, available for free online. The long list of Turkish words on the screen are names of individual 'makam'. Each makam has its own quality and repertoire, click on any of these to get a list of the sheet music available to view and download.
- TurkMusikisi, the premier Turkish-language website dedicated to Ottoman music. Highly recommended, regardless of Turkish ability.
- Secular classical music: selection from gazel improvisation sung by Safiye Ayla mp3, 829 kB, 0:00:53 duration
- Mosque music: selection from "Merhaba bahrı" (Mevlit) sung by Kâni Karaca mp3, 1.3 MB, 0:01:28 duration
- Mevlevi music: selection from 4th selam, Beyati Mevlevi Âyini mp3, 793 kB, 0:00:50
- Kalan Music, a major producer of new recordings and reissues of Turkish classical, mosque, and Sufi music
