October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 70 days remaining until the end of the year.

[edit] Events

• 362 - The temple of Apollo at Daphne, outside of Antioch, is destroyed in a mysterious fire.
• 794 - Emperor Kanmu relocates Japanese capital to Heiankyo (now Kyoto).
• 1383 - The 1383-1385 Crisis in Portugal: A period of civil war and disorder began when King Fernando died without a male heir to the Portuguese throne.
• 1575 - Foundation of Aguascalientes.
• 1633 - Ming dynasty fight with Dutch East India Company that Battle of southern Fujian sea (1633), Ming dynasty won great victory.
• 1730 - The Ladoga Canal construction is completed.
• 1746 - The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) receives its charter.
• 1784 - Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska.
• 1797 - One thousand meters (3,200 feet) above Paris, André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump.
• 1836 - Sam Houston is inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.
• 1844 - The Great Anticipation: Millerites, followers of William Miller, anticipated the end of the world in conjunction with the Second Advent of Christ. The following day became known as the Great Disappointment.
• 1867 - Foundation of the National University of Colombia.
• 1875 - First telegraphic connection in Argentina.
• 1877 - The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners.
• 1878 - The first rugby match under floodlights takes place in Salford, between Broughton and Swinton.
• 1883 - The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's Faust (opera).
• 1895 - In Paris an express train overruns a buffer stop and crosses more than 30 metres of concourse before plummeting through a window at Gare Montparnasse.
• 1907 - Panic of 1907: A run on Knickerbocker Trust Company stock sets events in motion that will lead to a depression.
• 1910 - Dr. Crippen is convicted at the Old Bailey of poisoning his wife and was subsequently hanged at Pentonville Prison in London.
• 1924 - Toastmasters International is founded.
• 1926 - J. Gordon Whitehead sucker punches magician Harry Houdini in the stomach in Montreal.
• 1928 - Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity is founded at the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus.
• 1934 - In East Liverpool, Ohio, notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd is shot and killed by Federal Bureau of Investigation agents.

October 22 page from a 1935 Soviet calendar with six-day weeks.

• 1935 - Establishment of the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union.
• 1941 - French hero of the resistance Guy Môquet is executed by the Germans, along with 29 other hostages as a retaliation for a killed German officer.
• 1943 - World War II: Kassel: RAF conducts an air raid on the city of 236,000 people, killing 10,000, rendering 150,000 homeless. Second firestorm raid in Germany
• 1944 - World War II: Battle of Aachen: The city of Aachen falls to American forces after three weeks of fighting, making it the first German city to fall to the Allies.
• 1946 - Forty four British sailors die when two British warships hit mines off the coast of Albania.
• 1953 - Laos gains independence from France.
• 1956 - A concrete girder weighing 200 tons kills 48 in Karachi, Pakistan.
• 1957 - Vietnam War: First United States casualties in Vietnam.
• 1960 - Independence of Mali from France.
• 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American spy planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the island nation.
• 1963 - BAC One-Eleven prototype airliner crashes on October 22 in UK with the loss of all on board.
• 1964 - Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but turns down the honor.
• 1964 - Canada: A Multi-Party Parliamentary Committee selects the design which becomes the new official Flag of Canada.
• 1966 - The Supremes become the first all-female music group to attain a No. 1 selling album (The Supremes A' Go-Go).
• 1966 - The Soviet Union launches Luna 12.
• 1968 - Apollo program: Apollo 7 safely splashes down in the Atlantic Ocean after orbiting the Earth 163 times.
• 1970 - Tunku Abdul Rahman resign from Prime Minister of Malaysia.
• 1972 - Vietnam War: In Saigon, Henry Kissinger and South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu meet to discuss a proposed cease-fire that had been worked out between Americans and North Vietnamese in Paris. Thieu rejects the proposal and accused the United States of conspiring to undermine his regime.
• 1975 - The Soviet unmanned space mission Venera 9 lands on Venus.
• 1976 - Red Dye No. 4 is banned by the US Food and Drug Administration after it is discovered that it causes tumors in the bladders of dogs. The dye is still used in Canada.
• 1981 - The United States Federal Labor Relations Authority votes to decertify the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization for its strike the previous August.
• 1981 - The founding congress of the Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation faction led by Hareram Sharma and D.P. Singh begins.
• 1981 - The TGV railway service Paris-Lyon is inaugurated.
• 1983 - Two correctional officers are killed by inmates in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspired the Supermax model of prisons.
• 1991 - Dimitrios Arhondonis, metropolitan of Chalcedon elected 270th Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch as Patriarch Bartholomew I of the Orthodox church.
• 1999 - Maurice Papon, an official in the Vichy France government during World War II, is jailed for crimes against humanity.
• 2005 - Tropical Storm Alpha forms in the Atlantic Basin, making the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season the most active Atlantic hurricane season on record with 22 named storms.
• 2006 - A Panama Canal expansion proposal is approved by 77.8% of voters in a National referendum held in Panama.
• 2008 - India launches its first unmanned lunar mission Chandrayaan-1.

[edit] Births

• 1071 - William IX, Duke of Aquitaine and poet (d. 1126)
• 1197 - Emperor Juntoku of Japan (d. 1242)
• 1511 - Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1553)
• 1558 - Jacques Sirmond, French scholar and Jesuit (d. 1651)
• 1592 - Gustaf Horn, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1657)
• 1688 - Nadir Shah of Persia (d. 1747)
• 1689 - King John V of Portugal (d. 1750)
• 1692 - Elizabeth Farnese, second queen of King Philip V of Spain (d. 1766)
• 1701 - Maria Amalia of Austria, Holy Roman Empire Empress (d. 1756)
• 1729 - Johann Reinhold Forster, German botanist (d. 1798)
• 1734 - Daniel Boone, American pioneer and hunter (d. 1820)
• 1770 - Thomas Seebeck, Baltic German physicist (d. 1831)
• 1809 - Volney E. Howard, American politician (d. 1889)
• 1811 - Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist and composer (d. 1886)
• 1818 - Charles-Marie-René Leconte de Lisle, French poet (d. 1894)
• 1821 - Collis Potter Huntington, American railroad executive (d. 1900)
• 1844 - Louis Riel, Canadian Metis Political Leader (d. 1885)
• 1858 - German Empress Augusta Victoria, wife of German Emperor Wilhelm II (d. 1921)
• 1865 - Kristjan Raud, Estonian painter (d. 1943)
• 1870 - Alfred Douglas, English partner of Oscar Wilde (d. 1945)
• 1870 - Ivan Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
• 1873 - Gustaf John Ramstedt, Finland-Swedish linguist and diplomat (d. 1950)
• 1881 - Clinton Davisson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
• 1886 - Erik Bergman, Lutheran pastor (d. 1970)
• 1887 - John Reed, American journalist (d. 1920)
• 1891 - Parker Fennelly, American comedian and actor (d.1988)
• 1894 - Méi Lánfāng, Chinese opera performer (d. 1961)
• 1896 - Charles Glen King, American biochemist (d. 1988)
• 1903 - George Wells Beadle, American geneticist, Nobel laureate (d. 1989)
• 1903 - Curly Howard, American actor and comedian, member of the Three Stooges (d. 1952)
• 1904 - Constance Bennett, American actress (d. 1965)
• 1905 - Joseph Kosma, Hungarian-born composer (d. 1969)
• 1907 - Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player (d. 1967)
• 1908 - John Gould, American humorist, essayist, and columnist (d. 2003)
• 1912 - Frances Drake, American actress (d. 2000)
• 1913 - Bảo Đại, Emperor of Vietnam (d. 1997)
• 1913 - Tamara Desni, German-born British actress (d. 2008)
• 1913 - Robert Capa, American war photographer (born in Hungary) (d. 1954)
• 1913 - Hans-Peter Tschudi, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 2002)
• 1917 - Joan Fontaine, American actress
• 1918 - Lou Klein, American baseball player (d. 1976)
• 1919 - Doris Lessing, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1919 - Kathleen Ankers, American scenic designer (d. 2001)
• 1920 - Timothy Leary, American writer (d. 1996)
• 1921 - Georges Brassens, French singer (d. 1981)
• 1921 - Alexander Kronrod, Russian mathematician (d. 1986)
• 1922 - Juan Carlos Lorenzo, Argentine footballer (d. 2001)
• 1923 - Bert Trautmann, German former footballer
• 1925 - Robert Rauschenberg, American painter and graphic artist (d. 2008)
• 1927 - Allan Hendrickse, South African politician (d. 2005)
• 1928 - Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Brazilian movie director
• 1929 - Lev Yashin, Soviet footballer (d. 1990)
• 1929 - Dory Previn, American songwriter
• 1933 - Helmut Senekowitsch, Austrian footballer (d. 2007)
• 1935 - Ann Rule, American true-crime writer
• 1936 - Bobby Seale, American civil rights activist
• 1937 - Manos Loïzos, Greek composer (d. 1982)
• 1938 - Derek Jacobi, English actor
• 1938 - Christopher Lloyd, American actor
• 1939 - George Cohen, English footballer
• 1939 - Tony Roberts, American actor
• 1939 - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique
• 1942 - Annette Funicello, American actress
• 1942 - Bobby Fuller, American rock guitarist (d. 1966)
• 1943 - Jan de Bont, Dutch film director
• 1943 - Catherine Deneuve, French actress
• 1943 - Allen Coage, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1945 - Leslie West, American musician
• 1945 - Sheila Sherwood, British long jumper
• 1945 - Yvan Ponton, Canadian actor and television host
• 1946 - Kelvin MacKenzie, British media tycoon
• 1946 - Claude Charron, French-Canadian politician and TV personality
• 1946 - Eddie Brigati, American singer (The Rascals)
• 1947 - Raymond Bachand, French-Canadian politician and businessman
• 1947 - Haley Barbour, American politician, governor of Mississippi
• 1948 - Lynette Fromme, American attempted assassin of Gerald Ford
• 1949 - Stiv Bators, American musician (The Dead Boys) (d. 1990)
• 1949 - Vasilios Magginas, Greek politician
• 1949 - Arsène Wenger, French football manager
• 1952 - Jeff Goldblum, American actor
• 1956 - Frank DiPino, American baseball player
• 1959 - Arto Salminen, Finnish writer (d. 2005)
• 1959 - Marc Shaiman, American composer
• 1960 - Darryl Jenifer, American bassist (Bad Brains)
• 1960 - Cris Kirkwood, American musician (Meat Puppets)
• 1961 - Robert Torti, American actor
• 1962 - Bob Odenkirk, American actor and comedian (Mr. Show)
• 1963 - Brian Boitano, American figure skater
• 1964 - Dražen Petrović, Croatian basketball player (d. 1993)
• 1964 - Toby Mac, American singer and songwriter
• 1965 - John Wesley Harding, American musician
• 1965 - Otis Smith, American football player
• 1966 - Valeria Golino, Italian actress
• 1967 - Rita Guerra, Portuguese singer
• 1967 - Ron Tugnutt, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1967 - Carlos Mencia, Honduras-born American comedian
• 1967 - Ulrike Maier, Austrian alpine skier (d. 1994)
• 1968 - Shaggy, Jamaican musician
• 1968 - Stéphane Quintal, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1968 - Jay Johnston, American actor and comedian (Mr. Show)
• 1969 - Héctor Carrasco, Dominican baseball player
• 1969 - Spike Jonze, American director and film producer
• 1969 - Helmut Lotti, Belgian singer
• 1970 - Amy Redford, American actress, director and producer
• 1972 - D'Lo Brown, American professional wrestler
• 1973 - Andrés Palop, Spanish footballer
• 1973 - Ichiro Suzuki, Japanese baseball player
• 1974 - Tim Kinsella, American musician
• 1974 - Jeff McInnis, American NBA basketball player
• 1974 - Miroslav Šatan, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1975 - Martín Cardetti, Argentine footballer
• 1975 - Míchel Salgado, Spanish footballer
• 1976 - Jon Foreman, American musician (Switchfoot)
• 1976 - Helen Svedin, Swedish model
• 1978 - Owais Shah, English cricketer
• 1978 - Dion Glover, American basketball player
• 1978 - Chaswe Nsofwa, Zambian footballer (d. 2007)
• 1980 - Garrett Tierney, American musician (Brand New)
• 1981 - Olivier Pla, French racing driver
• 1982 - Daniel M. Johnson "The Untouchable DJ Drastic", American DJ, music industry professional, and radio presenter
• 1982 - Robinson Canó, Dominican baseball player
• 1982 - Heath Miller, American football player
• 1983 - Glenn Loovens, Dutch footballer
• 1983 - George N. Gillett Jr., American business man, professional sports franchise owner
• 1984 - Jonathan Helwig, American MMA fighter
• 1985 - Zac Hanson, American musician
• 1986 - Kara Lang, Canadian soccer player
• 1987 - Jake Richardson, English footballer
• 1990 - Jonathan Lipnicki, American actor
• 1992 - Sofia Vassilieva, American actress

[edit] Deaths

• 741 - Charles Martel, leader of the Franks (b. 686)
• 1383 - King Fernando I of Portugal (b. 1345)
• 1565 - Jean, Vicomte d'Aguisy Grolier de Servieres, French bibliophile (b. 1479)
• 1613 - Pomponio Nenna, Italian composer
• 1625 - Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese politician (b. 1561)
• 1674 - Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, Dutch painter (b. 1621)
• 1708 - Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (b. 1636)
• 1751 - William IV, Prince of Orange (b. 1711)
• 1755 - Elisha Williams, American rector of Yale College (b. 1694)
• 1792 - Guillaume Le Gentil, French astronomer (b. 1725)
• 1847 - Sahle Selassie, Negus of Shewa
• 1859 - Louis Spohr, German violinist and composer (b. 1784)
• 1883 - Thomas Mayne Reid, Irish-American novelist (b. 1818)
• 1891 - Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, Austrian physiologist (b. 1846)
• 1906 - Paul Cezanne, French painter (b. 1839)
• 1917 - Bob Fitzsimmons, English boxer (b. 1863)
• 1918 - Myrtle Gonzalez, American film and stage actress (b. 1891)
• 1927 - Borisav "Bora" Stanković, Serbian writer (b. 1876)
• 1928 - Andrew Fisher, fifth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1862)
• 1934 - Pretty Boy Floyd, American gangster (b. 1904)
• 1935 - Komitas, Armenian composer (b. 1869)
• 1941 - Guy Môquet, French hero of the resistance(executed)(b. 1924)
• 1952 - Ernst Rüdin, Swiss nazi physician (b. 1874)
• 1954 - Jibanananda Das, Bengali poet (b. 1899)
• 1969 - Tommy Edwards, American singer (b. 1922)
• 1973 - Pablo Casals, Catalan cellist and conductor (b. 1876)
• 1978 - John Riley, English poet (murdered) (b. 1937)
• 1979 - Nadia Boulanger, French composer and composition teacher (b. 1887)
• 1985 - Viorica Ursuleac, Romanian soprano (b. 1894)
• 1986 - Albert Szent-Györgyi, Hungarian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1893)
• 1986 - Jane Dornacker, musician, actress, and traffic reporter for WNBC Radio. (b. 1947)
• 1986 - Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician (b. 1897)
• 1987 - Lino Ventura, Italian-born actor (b. 1919)
• 1989 - Ewan MacColl, English folk singer, songwriter, socialist, actor, poet, playwright, and record producer (b. 1915)
• 1992 - Cleavon Little, American actor (b. 1939)
• 1993 - Innes Ireland, Scottish racing driver (b. 1930)
• 1995 - Sir Kingsley Amis, English writer (b. 1922)
• 1997 - Leonid Amalrik, Russian animator (b. 1905)
• 1998 - Eric Ambler, English novelist (b. 1909)
• 2001 - Prof. Dr. Dkfm. Helmut Krackowizer, journalist and motorcycle racer (b. 1922)
• 2002 - Queen Geraldina of the Albanians (b. 1915)
• 2005 - Arman, French-born artist (b. 1928)
• 2005 - Tony Adams, Irish film producer (b. 1953)
• 2005 - Franky Gee, American singer (Captain Jack) (b. 1962)
• 2006 - Arthur Hill, Canadian actor (b. 1922)
• 2007 - Ève Curie, French writer (b. 1904)

[edit] Holidays and observances

• R.C. Saints - Saint Mary Salome; Philip, Severus, Eusebius, and Hermes of Heraclea; Donatus of Fiesole
• French Republican Calendar - Pomme (Apple) Day, first day in the Month of Brumaire
• Aaron the Illustrious, a saint of the Syriac Orthodox Church
• Abercius of Hieropolis

[edit] External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada