October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 73 days remaining until the end of the year. [edit] Events - 202 BC – Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the invading Carthaginian army.
- 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
- 1216 – King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
- 1453 – The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
- 1466 – The Thirteen Years War ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn.
- 1469 – Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
- 1512 – Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
- 1649 – New Ross town, Co. Wexford, Ireland, surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
- 1781 – At Yorktown, Virginia, representatives of British commander Lord Cornwallis handed over Cornwallis' sword and formally surrendered to George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau.
- 1789 – Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States.
- 1812 – Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
- 1813 – The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
- 1822 – In Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí.
- 1864 – Battle of Cedar Creek – Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroy the Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
- 1864 – St. Albans Raid – Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
- 1873 – Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
- 1904 – Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the American C.A. O'Reilley.
- 1912 – Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
- 1914 – The First Battle of Ypres begins.
- 1917 – The Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
- 1921 – Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.
- 1933 – Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
- 1935 – The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
- 1943 – Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
- 1944 – United States forces land in the Philippines.
- 1950 – The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet.
- 1954 – First ascent of Cho Oyu
- 1959 – The first discothèque opens.
- 1969 – The first Prime Minister of Tunisia in twelve years, Bahi Ladgham, is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba.
- 1973 – President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court decision that he turn over the Watergate tapes.
- 1974 – Niue becomes a self-governing colony of New Zealand.
- 1976 – Battle of Aishiya in Lebanon.
- 1983 – Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
- 1986 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others die when their Tupolev 134 plane crashes into the Lebombo Mountains.
- 1987 – In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
- 1987 – Black Monday - the Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points.
- 1989 – The convictions of the Guildford Four are quashed by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, after they had spent 15 years in prison.
- 2001 – SIEV-X, an Indonesian fishing boat en-route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 asylum seekers, sinks in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
- 2003 – Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
- 2004 – Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the SPDC on charges of corruption.
- 2004 – Care International aid worker Margaret Hassan is kidnapped in Iraq.
- 2005 – Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
- 2005 – Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
- 2007 – Philippines. Amidst corruption controversies hounding the Arroyo administration, a bomb explosion rocked Glorietta 2, a shopping mall in Makati. The blast killed 11 and injured more than 100 people.
[edit] Births - 1276 – Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328)
- 1433 – Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
- 1562 – Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
- 1582 – Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Tsarevich (d. 1591)
- 1605 – Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682)
- 1610 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
- 1658 – Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)
- 1680 – John Abernethy, Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740)
- 1688 – William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752)
- 1718 – Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)
- 1720 – John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772)
- 1721 – Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d. 1800)
- 1784 – James Henry Leigh Hunt, English Romantic critic, essayist, and poet (d. 1859)
- 1784 – John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d. 1857)
- 1810 – Cassius Clay, American abolitionist (d. 1903)
- 1850 – Annie Smith Peck, American mountaineer (d. 1935)
- 1851 – Empress Myeongseong, Empress of Korea (d. 1895)
- 1858 – George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937)
- 1862 – Auguste Lumière, French inventor (d. 1954)
- 1868 – Bertha Landes, first woman mayor of a major US city (d. 1943)
- 1873 – Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925)
- 1873 – John Barton King, American cricketer (d. 1965)
- 1876 – Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (d. 1945)
- 1882 – Umberto Boccioni, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1916)
- 1885 – Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d. 1956)
- 1895 – Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
- 1895 – Frank Durbin, last American veteran of the Battle of Verdun (d. 1999)
- 1896 – Bob O'Farrell, American baseball player (d. 1988)
- 1897 – Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani scientist and scholar (d. 1994)
- 1899 – Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- 1900 – Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
- 1900 – Roy Worters, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1957)
- 1900 – Erna Berger, German soprano (d. 1990)
- 1901 – Arleigh Burke, American admiral (d. 1996)
- 1903 – Tor Johnson, Swedish wrestler and actor (d. 1971)
- 1907 – Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d. 1962)
- 1908 – Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)
- 1909 – Cozy Cole, American jazz drummer (d. 1981)
- 1909 – Marguerite Perey, French physicist (d. 1975)
- 1910 – Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
- 1910 – Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (d. 1980)
- 1913 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
- 1915 – Farid al-Atrash, Syrian composer, musician, and actor (d. 1974)
- 1916 – Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009)
- 1916 – Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1985)
- 1918 – Charles Evans, British mountaineer, leader of the expedition that made the first ascent of Kangchenjunga in 1955 (d. 1995)
- 1920 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher (d. 2003)
- 1922 – Jack Anderson, American journalist (d. 2005)
- 1926 – Joel Feinberg, American moral philosopher (d. 2004)
- 1926 – Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter (d. 2009)
- 1928 – Lou Scheimer, American animation producer
- 1931 – John le Carré, English novelist
- 1932 – Robert Reed, American actor (d. 1992)
- 1936 – Tony Lo Bianco, American actor
- 1936 – James Bevel, American activist (d. 2008)
- 1937 – Peter Max, American artist
- 1937 – Marilyn Bell, Canadian swimmer
- 1940 – Michael Gambon, Irish actor
- 1941 – Simon Ward, British actor
- 1942 – Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
- 1943 – Robin Holloway, British composer
- 1943 – Takis Ikonomopoulos, Greek footballer
- 1944 – George McCrae, American soul singer
- 1945 – Divine, American actor (d. 1988)
- 1945 – Patricia Ireland, American attorney and feminist
- 1945 – John Lithgow, American actor
- 1945 – Jeannie C. Riley American country and gospel singer
- 1946 – Philip Pullman, English writer
- 1947 – Giorgio Cavazzano, Italian comic strip artist
- 1948 – Patrick Simmons, American musician
- 1948 – Dave Mallow, American voice actor
- 1949 – Lynn Dickey, American football player
- 1949 – Jamie McGrigor, British politician
- 1951 – Demetrios Christodoulou, Greek mathematical physicist, recipient of the Bôcher Memorial Prize
- 1952 – Verónica Castro, Mexican actress and singer
- 1953 – Lionel Hollins, American basketball player and coach
- 1954 – Joe Bryant, American basketball player
- 1954 – Sam Allardyce, English football manager
- 1954 – Deborah Blum, American writer
- 1955 – Melpo Kosti, Greek actress
- 1956 – Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 1993)
- 1956 – Bruce Weber, American Basketball Coach
- 1956 – Didier Theys, Belgian racing driver
- 1957 – Ray Richmond, American columnist and critic
- 1957 – Karl Wallinger, Welsh musician
- 1957 – Doug Kirby, American author and travel guide
- 1958 – Tiriel Mora, Australian actor
- 1958 – Lou Briel, Puerto Rican singer and actor
- 1958 – Michael Steele, American political figure
- 1959 – Nir Barkat, Mayor of Jerusalem (2008 - )
- 1960 – Jonathan FeBland, English musician and artist
- 1961 – Sunny Deol, Indian actor
- 1962 – Tracy Chevalier, American author
- 1962 – Evander Holyfield, American boxer
- 1963 – Prince Laurent of Belgium
- 1964 – Jorge Luis Gonzales, Cuban-born American boxer
- 1965 – Brad Daugherty, American basketball player
- 1965 – Ty Pennington, American television carpenter
- 1966 – Roger R. Cross, Jamaican-born actor
- 1966 – Jon Favreau, American actor, writer and director
- 1966 – Dimitris Lyacos, Greek poet and playwright
- 1966 – Sinitta, American singer
- 1967 – Yōko Shimomura, Japanese composer
- 1967 – Amy Carter, daughter of US President Jimmy Carter
- 1969 – Trey Parker, American cartoonist and actor
- 1969 – Erwin Sánchez, Bolivian footballer
- 1969 – DJ Sammy, Spanish DJ
- 1969 – John Edward, American TV Psychic
- 1970 – Chris Kattan, American comedian and actor
- 1972 – Keith Foulke, American baseball pitcher
- 1972 – Pras, American musician
- 1973 – Hicham Arazi, Moroccan tennis player
- 1973 – Joaquin Gage, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1976 – Joy Bryant, American actress
- 1976 – Omar Gooding, American actor
- 1976 – Desmond Harrington, American actor
- 1976 – Dan Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1976 – Michael Young, baseball player
- 1977 – Louis-José Houde, Canadian stand-up comic
- 1977 – Jason Reitman, Canadian filmmaker
- 1977 – Raúl Tamudo, Spanish footballer
- 1977 – Habib Beye, Senegalese footballer
- 1978 – Enrique Bernoldi, Brazilian race car driver
- 1978 – James Roberts, British Ice Hockey Player
- 1978 – Zakhar Dubenskiy, Russian footballer
- 1978 – Henri Sorvali, Finnish musician
- 1979 – José Luis López, Mexican footballer
- 1979 – Brian Robertson, American trombonist (Suburban Legends)
- 1980 – Benjamin Salisbury, American actor
- 1981 – Leif Skartland, American Drummer for Jeremy Camp
- 1981 – Heikki Kovalainen, Finnish race car driver
- 1982 – Gonzalo Pineda, Mexican footballer
- 1985 – Terry Etim, English mixed martial artist
- 1989 – Miroslav Stoch, Slovakian footballer
- 1990 – Janet Leon, Swedish singer and dancer (Play)
[edit] Deaths - 727 – Saint Frideswide
- 1187 – Pope Urban III
- 1216 – King John (b. 1167)
- 1432 – John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)
- 1587 – Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
- 1608 – Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551)
- 1636 – Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician
- 1682 – Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
- 1723 – Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646)
- 1745 – Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b. 1667)
- 1790 – Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)
- 1813 – Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)
- 1815 – Paolo Mascagni, Anatomist (b. 1755)
- 1842 – Aleksey Koltsov, Russian poet (b. 1808)
- 1851 – Princess Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte (b. 1778)
- 1856 – William Sprague III, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1799)
- 1889 – King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838)
- 1893 – Lucy Stone, American suffragist and women's rights activist (b. 1818)
- 1897 – George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)
- 1901 – Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829)
- 1918 – Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
- 1936 – Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881)
- 1937 – Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1871)
- 1943 – Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)
- 1945 – Plutarco Elías Calles, President of Mexico (b. 1877)
- 1950 – Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)
- 1956 – Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)
- 1960 – George Wallace, Australian vaudevillian and film comedian (b. 1895)
- 1964 – Nettie Palmer, Australian poet and essayist (b. 1885)
- 1970 – Lázaro Cárdenas, President of Mexico (b. 1895)
- 1978 – Gig Young, American actor (b. 1913)
- 1983 – Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944)
- 1984 – Jerzy Popiełuszko, Polish priest, associated with the Solidarity union, murdered by the agents of internal intelligence agency (b. 1947)
- 1985 – Alfred Rouleau, French Canadian businessman (b. 1915)
- 1986 – Dele Giwa, Nigerian journalist
- 1986 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (b. 1933)
- 1987 – Jacqueline du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
- 1987 – Hermann Lang, German race car driver (b. 1909)
- 1988 – Son House, American musician (b. 1902)
- 1994 – Martha Raye, American comedian and actress (b. 1916)
- 1995 – Don Cherry, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1936)
- 1997 – Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)
- 1999 – Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b. 1900)
- 1999 – James C. Murray, American politician (b. 1917)
- 2000 – Hortense Ellis, Jamaican reggae singer (b. 1941)
- 2003 – Alija Izetbegović, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925)
- 2003 – Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b. 1902)
- 2003 – Road Warrior Hawk, American professional wrestler (b. 1960)
- 2005 – Dallas Cook, American musician (Suburban Legends) (b. 1982)
- 2005 – Corinne Lévesque, wife of Quebec premier René Lévesque (b. 1943)
- 2006 – James Glennon, American cinematographer (b. 1942)
- 2007 – Randall Forsberg, American nuclear freeze advocate (b. 1943)
- 2007 – Michael Maidens, English footballer with Hartlepool United (b. 1987)
- 2007 – Jan Wolkers, Dutch writer (b. 1925)
- 2008 – Mr. Blackwell, American fashion critic (b. 1922)
- 2008 – Rudy Ray Moore, American comedian and actor (Dolemite) (b. 1937)
- 2009 – Howard Unruh, American spree killer (b. 1921)
- 2009 – Joseph Wiseman, Canadian actor (b. 1918)
[edit] Holidays and observances [edit] External links
|
