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Novosibirsk Oblast (Russian: Новосиби́рская о́бласть, Novosibirskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Novosibirsk.
[edit] Geography[edit] OverviewNovosibirsk Oblast is located in the southeastern Western Siberian plain, at the foothills of low Salair ridge, between the Ob and Irtysh Rivers. The region borders Omsk Oblast in the west, Tomsk Oblast in the north, Kemerovo Oblast in the east, and Altai Krai together with Kazakhstan (Pavlodar Oblysy) in the south. The territory of the oblast extends for more than 600 km (373 mi) from west to east, and for over 400 km (249 mi) from north to south. Novosibirsk Oblast is mainly plain; at south the steppes prevail; at north enormous tracts of woodland with great number of marshes prevail. There are many lakes, the largest ones located at the south. The majority of the rivers belong to the Ob basin, many of them falling in dead lakes. Largest lakes are Chani, Sartlan, Ubinskoye, and some others. [edit] Time zone Unlike in its immediate neighbors, Decree Time is abolished in Novosibirsk Oblast. This means that the time shift is the same as in Omsk Oblast, which borders it on the west, even though it is technically located in a different timezone, and one hour behind Kemerovo Oblast despite it being in the same timezone. Novosibirsk Oblast is located in the Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOVT/NOVST). UTC offset is +0600 (NOVT)/+0700 (NOVST). [edit] Natural resourcesAs of 2007, the explored oil reserves of the region amounted to 204 million tons. In addition, Novosibirsk Oblast had free gas reserves of 600 million cubic meters, solute gas reserves of 5.2 billion cubic meters, and gas condensate reserves of 121,000 tons. Most of the oil and gas reserves are located in the Severny and Kyshtovsky districts.[1] In metals, the region possesses zirconium dioxide (0.7 million tons), titanium dioxide (2.9 million tons), bauxite (2,068,000 tons) and tin (588,000 tons). In addition, there are 23 fields of alluvial placer gold in the region (19 of which were being developed and prospected in 2006) and seven residual soil gold fields suitable for open-cut mining in the southeast.[1] Novosibirsk Oblast has 5,527 million tons of high-quality anthracite, as well as 2,720 million tons of long-flame and coking coal. Most of these are located in the Iskitim and Toguchin districts. The north part of the region also has peat fields with estimated reserves of 7.6 billion tons.[1]  Prospected mineral water reserves in the region amount to 6,948 cubic meters per day. The popular Karachinskaya mineral water originates from the region.[1] The oblast has 4,531,800 hectares of forests, with 509.88 million cubic meters of timber reserves. Most of the region's forests consist of softwood. Softwood forests cover an area of 3,481,300 hectares, while softwood timber reserves amount to 387.96 million cubic meters. Coniferous forests - located mostly near the Ob River and the Salair Ridge - cover an area of 1,011,900 hectares with timber reserves of 121.39 million cubic meters. The economic potential of the forests is reduced by the fact that most of them are located in the north of the region, in areas that are difficult to access.[1] [edit] ClimateNovosibirsk Oblast has a continental climate. Average temperature in January is -19 °C, and +19 °C in July. Annual precapitation is 300–500 mm.[1] [edit] Administrative divisionsMain article: Administrative divisions of Novosibirsk Oblast [edit] DemographicsAccording to the (2002 Census), the national composition of the oblast was 93.0% Russians; 1.8% Germans; 1.3% Ukrainians; 1.0% Tatars; 0.4% Kazakhs; 0.3% Belarusians; 0.3% Armenians; 0.3% Azeris; and 0.2% Chuvash. Many other groups were also counted, but none were more than 0.2% of the population.
Major urban centers in 2006 were Novosibirsk (with a population of 1,379,000), Berdsk (91,900), Iskitim (63,800), Kuybyshev (48,500).[1] [edit] EconomyNovosibirsk Oblast's gross regional product in 2007 was $14,950.2 million.[1] GRP pro capita was 144,869 roubles; somewhat under the national average of 198,817 roubles.[2] For many years, the region experienced relatively high rates of industrial output growth: between 1999 and 2008 industrial output grew 170%, exceeding the Russian average growth by 23 percentage points.[1] [edit] IndustryMajor industrial activities - accounting for over 80% of the total shipped products and services - are basic metals and fabricated metal products, electricity, gas and water supply, fuel extraction, food products and beverages.[1] Manufacturing accounted for 67.4% fo the region's industrial output in 2007. The most notable sector was food products, beverages and tobacco (20.7%). The region produced a total of 278,100 tons of whole milk products, 144,100 tons of bread and bakery, 6,300 tons of pasta, 54,100 tons of meat, 518.7 million decaliters of mineral water (including the popular Karachinskaya mark), 137,300 tons of mixed fodder and 218,700 tons of flour.[1] The basic metals and fabricated metal products sector contributed 10.3% of total industrial output. The region produced 190,800 tons of steel pipes, 405,700 tons of rolled ferrous metals, 36,100 tons of steel, 1.300 tons of welding electrodes and 1,100 tons of construction frames and products. Notable companies in this sector include OAO Novosibirsk Electrode Plant, OAO Novosibirsk Tin Mill and OAO Kuzmin Novosibirsk Metals Plant.[1] In the mechanical engineering sector, electrical and optical machinery and equipment accounted for 7.2% of total industrial output; machinery and equipment (exclusive of weapons or ammunition) accounted for 3.7%, while electrical machinery and transport equipment accounted for 4.5%.[1] In 2007, the region produced $12,190,000 worth of high-voltage electric equipment, $3,820,000 worth of low-voltage electric equipment, $1,350,000 worth of computers and spare parts, 71,000 kW equivalent of generators for steam, gas and hydraulic turbines, 296,200 units of electric razors, 154,600 units of chandeliers and suspensions, 1,616,000 units of capacitors, 3,608,000 units of semiconductor instruments, 1,077,000 units of integral microchips, 218 units of large electric machines, 854 units of direct current electric machines and 5,000 kilovolts-amperes equivalent of prefabricated transforming stations. Notable companies in the this sector include OAO Novosibirsk Electric Locomotive Repair Plant, OAO Sibselmash Scientific Production Association, NPO ELSIB, OAO Novosibirsk Railroad Switch Plant, OAO Tyazhstankogidropress, OAO Novosibirsk Instrument Plant and OAO Novosibirsk Soyuz Electrovacuum Holding plant. All of the aforementioned companies are located in the regional capital, Novosibirsk.[1] [edit] EnergyNovosibirsk Oblast enjoys an electricity surplus: electricity output in 2007 was 14.0 billion kWh, while consumption was 12.5 billion kWh. During the summer, 30% of the region's electricity needs is satisfied by the Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Power Station, which has a capacity of 455 MW. Another important source of electricity is thermal power. The largest thermal power plant is Combined Heat and Power Station No. 5 with generation capacity of 1,200 MW. Most of the power plants and the distribution infrastructure are operated by the company OJSC Novosibirskenergo. The amount of oil produced in the region in 2007 was 2,495,000 tons, while coal production was 1,795,000 tons.[1] [edit] Trade and investmentIn the 2005/2006 ranking "Best Legal Conditions for Investment"–conducted by the Expert RA rating agency–Novosibirsk Oblast received the third place among all 89 federal subjects of Russia.[1] In 2007, the region received $88.8 million in foreign investment. The largest company receiving foreign investment was NPO ELSIB.[1] [edit] References
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