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Northern Bulgaria

Northern Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Северна България, Severna Balgariya) is the northern half of the territory of Bulgaria, located to the north of the main ridge of the Balkan Mountains which conventionally separates the country into a northern and a southern part. Besides the Balkan Mountains, Northern Bulgaria borders the Timok River and Serbia to the west, the Danube River and Romania to the north and the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast to the east.

Geographically, the terrain is relatively uniform, dominated by the hilly Danubian Plain, with some low plateaus to the east. Northern Bulgaria covers an area of 48,495.1 square kilometres and has a population of 2,978,469 as of 2009^[update] (37% of Bulgaria's entire population), with a population density of 61.4 people per km². The three largest cities are Varna, Rousse and Pleven.

Administratively, Northern Bulgaria includes the following 14 Bulgarian provinces:

Parts of Burgas Province, Sliven Province, and Sofia Province also geographically belong to Northern Bulgaria.

Historically, Northern Bulgaria covers the historical regions of Moesia and Dobruja (Southern Dobruja). Moesia has several sub-regions such as Ludogorie, Gerlovo and Zlatiya. Northern Bulgaria is also conventionally divided into Northwestern, Central Northern and Northeastern Bulgaria, with slightly varying borders. The lower northern reaches of the Balkan Mountains are called the Fore-Balkan, as opposed to the Sub-Balkan valleys to the south of the main ridge. In Antiquity, the Jireček Line divided Latin (in the north) and Ancient Greek (in the south) language influence in the Balkans, with Northern Bulgaria to the north of it and Southern Bulgaria to the south. Much later, after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, all of Northern Bulgaria and the region of Sofia became the Principality of Bulgaria while most of the rest of Southern Bulgaria was part of Eastern Rumelia until the Bulgarian unification in 1885.