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A non-stop flight, especially in the aviation industry, refers to any flight by an aircraft which does not involve any intermediate stops. A "direct flight" is not the same as a "non-stop flight". For the purpose of definition within this article, an ultra long-haul non-stop flight is considered to be a commercially operated airliner with:
Due to great distances flown, these flights operate a great circle route, often above polar regions. The longest ultra long-haul flights as of May 2007 are operated between Southeast Asia and North America.
[edit] Time determinantsThe following are examples of dynamic factors that determine the non-stop time of a commercial passenger jet:
[edit] RecordsHistorically in the modern jet era, Israel's El Al set the first significant non-stop record times for both long haul flights, and later on in the 1990s, ultra-long haul service. In June 1961, the longest long-haul passenger flight between Tel Aviv and New York on a Boeing 707 completed its journey in 9 hours and 33 minutes (9,137 km - 5,677 mi - 4,934 nm). In May 1975, Iran Air began its scheduled non-stop service between Tehran-New York using its newly acquired long-range Boeing 747SPs, completing the journey in 11 hours and 15 minutes, an absolute record for both flight time and distance (9,867 km - 6,131 mi - 5,328 nm). Although the airline's plans for its non-stop Tehran-Los Angeles flight never materialized due to the Islamic revolution in 1979, such flight would have made a leap in the time and distance records (12,222 km - 7,595 mi - 6,599 nm). The Tehran-New York flight route was suspended in November 1979. In April 1976, Pan Am set a new record for non-stop, long-haul flights with its New York-Tokyo route (10,854 km - 6,745 mi - 5,861 nm). In December of that year, the airline set yet another new record for the longest non-stop flight with its Sydney-San Francisco service, covering 11,937 km (7,417 mi - 6,445 nm) in distance. Both routes were operated by Boeing 747SP aircraft. In the 1980s, Cathay Pacific began non-stop long-haul flights between Hong Kong and Vancouver with a Boeing 747-200 classic. While these flights were not the longest routes at the time, they were the first non-stop flights between Asia (west of Tokyo) and North America (excluding Alaska). In May 1988, the first ultra long-haul passenger flight took off from Tel Aviv to Los Angeles, completing its journey in 13 hours and 41 minutes (12,189 km - 7,574 mi - 6,581 nm). In the 1990s, Garuda Indonesia flew non-stop between Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport and Honolulu International Airport (HNL), covering 6,725 mi (10,822 km), and continued onward to Los Angeles International Airport, using McDonnell Douglas MD-11s. For the westward journey back, the flight had to stop for fuel in Bali, Indonesia. The flight was suspended due to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and the McDonnell Douglas MD-11s being phased-out from the fleet. In modern day aviation, Singapore Airlines introduced ultra long-haul flights on 3 February 2004[1] to Los Angeles, and on 28 June 2004[2] to Newark from Singapore Changi Airport. These two flights hold the record for the longest commercial passenger non-stop flights in the world based on both time and distance. The route from New York City (JFK or Newark) to Hong Kong is the longest non-stop route in the world to have more than one daily flight, and to be served by more than one airline. The routes served between New York and Mumbai, and Hong Kong have the maximum number of airlines operating non-stop flights in the ultra-long-haul category. In terms of flight frequency, Emirates tops the list of ultra-long-haul flight operators, with seven flights operating from its Dubai base to Los Angeles, São Paulo, Houston, San Francisco, Sydney (EK412), Melbourne (EK406) and Brisbane (EK434). On November 9 2005, a Boeing 777-200LR dubbed the Worldliner completed the world's longest non-stop passenger flight, traveling 13,422 miles or 21,602 kilometers eastward (as opposed to a normal westward routing for that sector, which is much shorter @ 9647 km) from Hong Kong to London, in roughly 22 hours and 22 minutes.[3] Aboard the 777-200LR were eight pilots including Suzanna Darcy-Henneman, Boeing's first woman test pilot. Although the airplane seats 301, there were only 27 passengers aboard this flight. There were two Boeing executives; several Boeing 777 engineers; representatives from General Electric; and a dozen journalists from around the world.  This was not, however, the record for longest time staying aloft for an airliner. This debatable record is held either by the 1939 Berlin-New York non stop flight of a reciprocal piston powered Focke-Wulf Fw 200 built for Lufthansa (flight time 24 hours and 56 minutes) or by a Trans World Airlines Lockheed 1649A Starliner on the inaugural London-San Francisco polar route on 1 October-2 October 1957 (flight time 23 hours and 19 minutes). The L-1649A was the last of the Constellation series, and the ultimate piston-engine airliner in terms of range and endurance.[4] [edit] Longest flightsThe following table lists the world's longest non-stop scheduled passenger routes in distance order. City-pairs may be served utilising different routings on the return journey, which may therefore involve different route length and journey times. Weather conditions, particularly the direction of jet streams, also have a significant impact on the time needed to complete the journey. For example, Singapore Airline's flight 22 from Singapore to Newark follows a 15,345 km great circle route, while its return flight, flight 21, is a 16,600 km polar route over the North Pole.[citation needed] The Singapore to Los Angeles route on Singapore Airlines is scheduled for 16 hours, 30 minutes in summer (July 15, 2009) and 15 hours, 35 minutes in winter (January 15, 2010).[5] On the return trip, the flight is scheduled for 17 hours, 20 minutes in summer (July 15, 2009) and 18 hours, 5 minutes in winter (January 15, 2010).[5] [edit] Currently scheduled (top 30, by distance)
[edit] Flights DiscontinuedThe following table lists discontinued passenger routes in distance order.
[edit] Airlines & FlightsThe table below lists international airline companies with their longest non-stop flight currently in operation.
[edit] Future of ultra long-haulThe longest non-stop flights currently running are not the longest city pairs theoretically possible. Flights on the Kangaroo route, if flown non-stop, would exceed 17,000 km. The longest routes possible are between antipodes, or points on the Earth's surface opposite each other with the Earth's center directly between, a distance of 20,038 km at the equator. Flight between Buenos Aires and Shanghai, Auckland and Madrid or Perth and Bermuda, have a distance of flight at 19,602 km, 19,628 km and 19,918 km. A theoretical nonstop flight between Taipei and Asuncion which are nearly antipodal, would cover a great circle distance of flight at 19,918 km. The Boeing 777-200LR airliner can cover the distance between antipodes when devoid of payload, but its range decreases significantly with the added weight of cargo and passengers. As of 2009, no airline has plans to introduce a non-stop service longer than the Singapore-Newark run, though both Airbus and Boeing have hinted at interest in developing variants to their long-haul airliners to make a London-Sydney nonstop flight economically feasible, for which purpose the Airbus consortium will offer the special Airbus A350-900R XWB variant to British Airways. [edit] Shortest flightsThe following table lists the shortest non-stop scheduled passenger routes in distance order, per airline.
[edit] Non-stop flights between citiesThe following table list the top 10 frequent non-stop flights between two regional airports in a country. The table data is based on scheduled information(based on OAG data) on working weekdays.
[edit] See also[edit] References
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