This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.321 under that system. These instruments may be known as necked bowl lutes. - 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments)
- 32: Instruments in which the resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
- 321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table
- 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
- 321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (necked lutes)
- 321.321: Instrument whose body is shaped like a bowl (necked bowl lutes)
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate. - 4: Hammers or beaters
- 5: Bare hands and fingers
- 6: Plectrum
- 7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
- 8: Keyboard
- 9: Using a mechanical drive
| Instrument | Tradition | Complete classification | Description | angélique
| French classical music | 321.321 | Pear-shaped, plucked, with 15-17 strings | archlute
Italian arciliuto, Erzlaute, Архилютня | Western classical music | 321.321 | Plucked | baglama
| Greece | 321.321 | Pear-shaped, long-necked | bağlama
| Middle East and Central Asia | 321.321 | | balalaika[1]
| Russia | 321.321 | Triangle-shaped lute-type instrument | bandora
| | 321.321 | | bandura[2]
| Ukraine | 321.321 | Diatonic, unfretted lute-like string instrument, traditionally carved from a single block of wood | banduria[3]
| Philippines | 321.321 | Pear-shaped mandolin-like instrument, part of the rondalla tradition of ensemble playing of plucked instruments including bandurias, octavinas, lauds, guitars, and basses. | bandurria
| | 321.321 | | banhu
| China | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument | banzouki
| | 321.321 | | barbat
| Persian | 321.321 | | biwa
| Japan | 321.321 | Short-necked, fretted | bouzouki[4]
| Greece, Modern | 321.321 | String instrument with a pear-shaped body and a long neck, played with plectrum | bouzouki, Irish
| | 321.321 | | buzuq
| Middle Eastern | 321.321 | Long-necked, fretted | charango [5]
charanga | Bolivia | 321.321-6 | Fretted, hollow-bodied bowl lute, usually with four or five doubled strings, with as many as eleven tunings, traditionally made from an armadillo shell | charango [6]
charanga, chillador | Peru | 321.321-6 | Guitar-like instrument, most commonly with ten strings in two courses and made from an armadillo back | chillador
| | 321.321 | Small fretted instrument | chitarra Italiana
| Renaissance Italy | 321.322 | Plucked | cimboa
| Cape Verde | 321.322 | Bowed | cittern
| | 321.321 | | daguangxian
| China | 321.321 | Bowed | dambura
| Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan | 321.321 | Wooden plucked instrument | Đàn gáo
| Vietnam | 321.321 | Bowed two-stringed instrument | Đàn tỳ bà
| Vietnam | 321.321 | Plucked four-stringed instrument | dangubica
| Croatia | 321.321 | | dilruba
| India | 321.321 | | dombra[7][8]
| Central Asia | 321.321-6 | Fretted, long-necked lute with a round body, played by plucking with a plectrum | domra
| Russia | 321.321 | | dotara
| Bangladesh | 321.321 | | dranyen[9]
dranyen, dramnyen | Bhutan | 321.321 | Seven-stringed lute, fretless, long-necked and double-waisted with rosette-shaped sound hole | dutar
| Central Asia | 321.321 | Long-necked, two-stringed instrument | erhu
| China | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument | erxian
| China, especially Cantonese | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument | esraj
| India | 321.321 | | gadulka
| Bulgaria | 321.321 | | gambus
| Arab | 321.321 | | gusle[10][11]
gusla | Southeastern Europe | 321.321-71 | Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg | huluhu
| China | 321.321 | Two-stringed, bowed instrument | igil
| Tuva | 321.321 | | jing erhu
| China | 321.321 | | kamancheh
| Persian | 321.321 | | kobyz
| Kazakhstan | 321.321 | | komuz[12][13]
kopuz | Kyrgyzstan | 321.321 | Three-stringed fretless lute, made from wood with gut strings | laúd
| Spain | 321.321 | | liuqin
| China | 321.321 | Four-stringed | mandolin[14]
| Italy | 321.321 | Stringed instrument
 Mandolin performance (help·info) | mandolin, octave
| | 321.321 | | mando-bass
| | 321.321 | Bass mandolin | mandocello
| | 321.321 | | mandola
| | 321.321 | | mandolute
| | 321.321 | | mandriola
| | 321.321 | | orpharion
| | 321.321 | | oud [15]
| Arab | 321.321-6 | Pear-shaped fretless stringed instrument, with five courses of two strings and a single eleventh string, a bent back and a bowl-shaped body, often with up to three soundholes, played with a pick | pandur
| Chechnya | 321.321 | | pandura
| | 321.321 | | panduri
| Georgia | 321.321 | | pipa[16]
| China | 321.321-5 | Pear-shaped bowl lute with a neck, played by plucking | rubab[1][17]
rabab | Afghanistan | 321.321-6 | Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings | sallaneh
| | 321.321 | | Saraswati veena
| India | 321.321 | | Šargija
| Southeastern Europe | 321.321 | | saz[18][19]
bağlama, kopuz | Turkey | 321.321-6 | Fretted lute with a long neck, pear-shaped body, and three courses of seven steel strings | sitar
| India | 321.321 | | surbahar
| India | 321.321 | | tamburica[20][21]
tamburitza | Croatia | 321.321 | Lute-like stringed instrument with a long neck, picked or strummed, variable number of strings | theorbo
| | 321.321 | | tricordia
| | 321.321 | | [edit] References - von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168.
- ^ a b ARC music; Peter McClelland. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. http://www.hobgoblin-usa.com/info/glossary.htm. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Jarosewich, Irene. "Roman Hrynkiv hopes to give the bandura international stature". Ukraine Weekly. http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1999/229919.shtml. Retrieved December 17, 2007. "The bandura will always be known as Ukraine's national instrument."
- ^ Aning, Jerome (November 23, 2007). "Rondalla maestro makes strong pitch for banduria". Inquirer Entertainment. Inquirer. http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view_article.php?article_id=102634. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ Grahn, Göran (April 1999). "Review of Musikkens Tjenere - Instrument - Forsker - Musiker by Mette Müller and Lisbet Torp". The Galpin Society Journal 52: 367–368. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0072-0127%28199904%2952%3C367%3AMT-I-F%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ Baumann, Max Peter (1997). "Review of Bolivie: Charangos et guitarrillas du Norte Potosi by Florindo Alvis and Jean-Marc Grassler". Yearbook for Traditional Music 29 (1997): 200–201. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0740-1558%281997%2929%3C200%3ABCEGDN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Bennett, Caroline. "Music in Peru". Viva Travel Guides. http://www.vivatravelguides.com/south-america/peru/peru-overview/music-in-peru/. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Levin, Theodore C.. "Kazakhstan". National Geographic World Music. http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/kazakhstan_672?fs=www3.nationalgeographic.com&fs=plasma.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Mirseitova, Sapargul (2005). "Kazakhstan and Its People" (pdf). WLT Kids. World Literature Today. http://www.ou.edu/wltkids/Pdf_files_Kazakh/WLTKids_May-Aug05-1Intro.pdf. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
- ^ Broughton, Simon; Mark Ellingham (2000). World Music. James McConnachie. Rough Guides. ISBN 1858286360.
- ^ "Montenegrin Music". Visit Montenegro. http://www.visit-montenegro.com/montenegro-music.htm. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ "'Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict" (pdf). June 1, 2006. pp. 4. http://www.hf.uio.no/ilos/forskning/forskningsprosjekter/spinning/resources/Project_outline.pdf. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ "Cobza". Eliznik. 2005. http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaMusic/cobza.htm. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ Golos, George S. (January 1961). "Kirghiz Instruments and Instrumental Music". Ethnomusicology 5 (1): 42–48. doi:10.2307/924307. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-1836%28196101%295%3A1%3C42%3AKIAIM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
- ^ Jahnel, Franz; Nicholas Clarke (2000). Manual of Guitar Technology: Chords Especially for Lefties. Bold Strummer. ISBN 0933224990.
- ^ (pdf) Project Results. pp. 2. http://www.davisprojectsforpeace.org/reports/5rep.pdf. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
- ^ Millward, James. "From Camelback to Carnegie Hall: the Global Journey and Modern Makeover of the Pipa". AAS Annual Meeting. http://www.aasianst.org/absts/2007abst/Interarea/I-46.htm. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". in Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1858286360.
- ^ "Saz". Glossary. National Geographic. http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/glossary/content.glossary/saz. Retrieved December 22, 2007. "Considered the national instrument of Turkey."
- ^ Koprulu, Mehmed Fuad; Devin DeWeese (2006). Early Mystics in Turkish Literature. Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff. Routledge. ISBN 0415366860.
- ^ "Croatia". National Geographic World Music. http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/croatia_869?fs=www3.nationalgeographic.com&fs=plasma.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Erdely, Stephen (1979). "Ethnic Music in the United States: An Overview". Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council 11: 114–137. doi:10.2307/767568. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0316-6082%281979%2911%3C114%3AEMITUS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P. Retrieved December 17, 2007. "The tamburitza... is the national instrument of the Croatians.".
|
