Nalidixic acid Information & Nalidixic acid Links at HealthHaven.com

Nalidixic acid
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	1-ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-[1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	389-08-2
ATC code	J01MB02
PubChem	4421
DrugBank	APRD01133
Chemical data
Formula	C12H12N2O3
Mol. mass	232.235 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Protein binding	90%
Metabolism	Partially Hepatic
Half life	6-7 hours, significantly longer in renal impairment
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	B U.S.
Legal status
Routes	Oral
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Nalidixic acid (tradenames Neggram, Wintomylon and WIN-18320) is the first of the synthetic quinolone antibiotics.

Synthetic quinolone antibiotics were discovered as a byproduct of quinine manufacture in the 1960s.^[1]

Nalidixic acid is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In lower concentrations, it acts in a bacteriostatic manner; that is, it inhibits growth and reproduction. In higher concentrations, it is bactericidal, meaning that it kills bacteria instead of merely inhibiting their growth.

It is especially used in treating urinary tract infections, caused, for example, by Escherichia coli, Proteus, Shigella, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella.. It is also a tool in studies as a regulation of bacterial division. It selectively and reversibly blocks DNA replication in susceptible bacteria. Nalidixic acid and related antibiotics inhibit a subunit of DNA gyrase and induce formation of relaxation complex analogue. It also inhibits the nicking dosing activity on the subunit of DNA gyrase that release the positive binding stress on on the supercoiled DNA.

[edit] Adverse effects

Convulsions and hyperglycaemia^[2]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

^ Monique I. Andersson; Alasdair P. MacGowan (2003). "Development of the Quinolones". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (Oxford University Press) 51 (Suppl. S1): 1–11. doi:10.1093/jac/dkg212.
^ Fraser AG, Harrower AD (December 1977). "Convulsions and hyperglycaemia associated with nalidixic acid" (PDF). Br Med J 2 (6101): 1518. PMID 589309. PMC 1632822. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1632784&blobtype=pdf.

[edit] External links

[0] Monique I. Andersson; Alasdair P. MacGowan (2003). "Development of the Quinolones". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (Oxford University Press) 51 (Suppl. S1): 1–11. doi:10.1093/jac/dkg212.

[1] Fraser AG, Harrower AD (December 1977). "Convulsions and hyperglycaemia associated with nalidixic acid" (PDF). Br Med J 2 (6101): 1518. PMID 589309. PMC 1632822. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1632784&blobtype=pdf.

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Contents

[edit] Adverse effects

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] External links