NAMC YS-11
A YS-11 of Japan Air Commuter
Role	Turboprop Airliner
Manufacturer	Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation
First flight	August 30, 1962
Introduced	March 30, 1965 for All Nippon Airways
Produced	1962-1974
Number built	182

The NAMC YS-11 is a turboprop airliner built by a Japanese consortium, the Nihon Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation. The program was initiated by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in 1954, the aircraft was rolled out in 1962, and production ceased in 1974.

Contents 1 Development 2 Variants 3 Operators 4 Accidents and Incidents 5 Specifications (YS-11A-200) 6 References 7 External links 8 See also

[edit] Development

To date, the YS-11 is the only successful commercial aircraft to have been manufactured by a Japanese firm, either before or after World War II. 182 were produced in total. Although the aircraft was mainly designed and manufactured in Japan, the engines were built by Rolls-Royce. Electronic equipment, avionics, mechanical and fuselage components were supplied either by Japanese companies or foreign suppliers during the YS-11's production lifetime.

The consortium of companies that made up NAMC included Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Fuji Heavy Industries (now better known as the parent company of automobile manufacturer Subaru). Both were major producers of civil and military aircraft before and during World War II. The twin-engined YS-11 delivered similar operational performance to the four-engined Vickers Viscount, and had 50% more capacity than the similarly-configured Fokker F.27.

YS-11 was slowly phased out by airlines in Japan due to new directives issued by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism requiring all planes in Japan to install the Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Planes without TCAS ceased operations at the end of 2006. Since equipping a YS-11 with TCAS would have costed ¥100 million ($1.083 million USD), such a retrofit was deemed uneconomically sound. Aircraft that that were still in flying condition were sold to foreign companies. On September 30, 2006, Japan Air Commuter flight 3806 marked the final flight for a YS-11 in Japan's commercial aviation industry.^[1] In 2007, the YS-11 was added to the Mechanical Engineering Heritage of Japan No. 13.

[edit] Variants

• YS-11-100
• YS-11-105
• YS-11-112
• YS-11-200
• YS-11-202
• YS-11-206
• YS-11-212
• YS-11-218
• YS-11-300
• YS-11-303
• YS-11-305
• YS-11-400
• YS-11-402
• YS-11-500
• YS-11-600
• YS-11E

[edit] Operators

In August 2006, a total of 21 NAMC YS-11 aircraft (all variants) remained in airline service with Aboitiz Air (6), Air Link International Airways (1), Air Philippines (3), Asian Spirit (2), Mahfooz Aviation (1), Phuket Airlines (4), South Phoenix Airways (2), Aero Union (1) and Gacela Air Cargo. An additional aircraft is operational with the Hellenic (Greek) Air Force (a former Olympic Airways aircraft, designation SX-BBI) in the role of in-flight calibrator for ground based navigational aids.] (1).^[2]

Former and present operators of the NAMC YS-11:

• Aboitiz Air
• Aerodan Cargo
• Aerolineas Argentinas
• Aerolitoral (subsidiary of AeroMexico)
• AeroSierra
• Air Aruba
• Air Caribbean
• Air Nippon (subsidiary of All Nippon Airways)
• All Nippon Airways
• Air Philippines
• Air Phoenix
• Air Star Zanzibar
• Midwest Air Charter/Airborne Express
• Airlink International Airways
• Aerotransportes Litoral Argentino (ALA)
• Alcon
• American Eagle (operated by Simmons Airlines)
• Asian Spirit
• Austral Líneas Aéreas (subsidiary of Aerolineas Argentinas)
• Barker-Wayne
• BIMP - EAGA Air Alliance
• Bouraq
• China Airlines
• Continental Express (operated by Provincetown-Boston Airline, Inc.)
• Cruzeiro do Sul
• Far West
• Filipinas Orient Airways
• Fort Worth Airlines
• Gabon Express Cargo
• Gabon (Gabonese Air Force)
• Gacela
• Gambia Airways
• Geological Survey of Japan
• Global Air Cargo
• Hawaiian Airlines
• Hellenic Air Force
• Japan Air Lines
• Japan Air System (now merged into Japan Airlines)
• Japan Domestic Airlines (predecessor of Japan Air System)
• Japan Self-Defense Forces (Air and Maritime)
• Japan Civil Aeronautics Board
• Japan Coast Guard
• Japan TransOcean Air
• Korean Air
• Korean Air Cargo
• Lansa
• Litoral
• Mandala
• Mey-Air
• Merpati Nusantara Airlines
• Mid Pacific Air
• MPAC
• Nihon Kinkyori Airlines (Subsidiary of ANA - All Nippon Airways)
• Norcanair
• Olympic Airways
• Pacific Southwest Airlines - Used to train Japanese pilots. Never painted in PSA livery.
• Provincetown-Boston Airlines
• Philippine Air Force
• Philippine Airlines
• Phuket Air
• Piedmont Airlines
• Pinehurst
• Pyramid Airlines
• Reeve Aleutian Airways
• Societe Generale d'Alimentation
• Simmons Airlines
• South Phoenix Airways
• Southwest Air Lines Japan (subsidiary of Japan Airlines)
• Tauk Tours
• Toa Airways (predecessor of Toa Domestic Airlines)
• Toa Domestic Airlines (predecessor of Japan Air System)
• Trans Air
• Trans-Central Airlines
• Trygon, Ltd.
• United States Postal Service
• VASP
• Winair

[edit] Accidents and Incidents

There have been over twenty hull loss accidents involving YS-11 aircraft.

• 13 November 1966, All Nippon Airways Flight 533 crashed into the sea near Matsuyama, Japan with the loss of all five crew and 45 passengers.^[3]

• 20 October 1969, All Nippon Airways Flight 104 overran the runway at Miyazaki Airport, Japan. All four crew and 49 passengers survived.^[4]

• 11 December 1969, a Korean Air flight from Gangneung to Seoul was hijacked and flown to Pyongyang. The aircraft was damaged on landing and written off.^[5] The plane, its crew and passengers are still held in North Korean territory.^[6] See also: North Korean abductions of South Koreans

• 12 August 1970, China Airlines Flight 206 crashed into Yuan Mountain on approach to Taipei, Taiwan. Two crew and 12 passengers were killed.^[7]

• 1 April 1971, a Merpati Nunsantara Airlines YS-11 made a wheels-up landing at Kemayoran Airport, Jakarta Indonesia while on a training flight.^[8]

• 3 July 1971, a TOA Domestic Airlines Flight 533 flew into Yokotsu Mountain on approach to Hakodate Airport, Japan. All four crew and 64 passengers were killed, the worst loss of life in an accident involving the YS-11.^[9]

• 7 November 1971, A VASP YS-11 was destroyed by fire after a candle was lit inside when the aircraft was being guarded overnight after being bogged down at Aragarças Airport, Brazil. Both guards were killed.^[10]

• 12 April 1972, a VASP flight between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro crashed 50 kilometres (31 mi) nort of Rio de Janeiro. All four crew and 21 passengers were killed.^[11]

• 18 October 1972, a Cruzeiro do Sul YS-11 overshot the runway at Congonhas Airport, São Paulo and was damaged beyond repair.^[12]

• 21 October 1972, an Olympic Airlines YS-11 crashed into the sea on approach to Ellinikon International Airport, Athens. One crew member and 36 passengers were killed.^[13]

• 23 October 1973, a VASP YS-11 overran the runway at Santos Dumont Airport, Rio de Janeiro after a rejected take-off and ended up in Guanabara Bay. Eight passengers were killed.^[14]

• 5 March 1974, a Pacific Southwest Airlines YS-11 crash landed in the desert 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east of Borrego Springs, California while on a training flight. Aircraft was written off.^[15]

• 6 November 1974, a Reeve Aleutian Airways YS-11 was written off in a hangar fire at Anchorage, Alaska.^[16]

• 28 May 1975, TOA Domestic Airlines Flight 621 was damaged beyond repair in a landing accident at Osaka International Airport when a tyre burst and the aircraft departed the runway.^[17]

• 23 November 1976, an Olympic Airlines YS-11 flew into a mountain near Kozani, Greece. All four crew and 46 passengers were killed.^[18]

• 29 April 1977, a Cruzeiro YS-11 departed the runway on landing at Ministro Victor Konder International Airport, Navegantes, Brazil.^[19]

• 17 July 1977, a Philippine Airlines YS-11 ditched on approach to Mactan-Cebu International Airport after an engine failure.^[20]

• 11 March 1983, Nihon Kinkyori Airlines Flight 497 undershot the runway at Nakashibetsu Airport, Japan.^[21]

• 13 January 1987, a Mid Pacific Air YS-11 force landed in a field at Remington, Indiana after both engines were mismanaged.^[22]

• 10 January 1988, TOA Domestic Airlines Flight 670 overran the runway at Miho-Yonago Airport, Yonagp, Japan after a rejected take-off and ended up in the sea. Aircraft had not been de-iced prior to take-off.^[23]

• 15 March 1989, a Mid Pacific Air YS-11 undershot the runway at Purdue University Airport, Lafayette, Indiana due to loss of pitch control caused by icing on the tail. The aircraft was on a positionig flight, both crew members were killed.^[24]

• 6 March 1992, an Airborne Express YS-11 made a wheels-up landing at Clinton Airport, Clinton, Indiana while on a training flight due to pilot error.^[25]

• 24 June 1992, an Air Philippines YS-11 struck a ground power unit while taxying at Naga Airport, naga City. Aircraft was destroyed in the subsequent fire.^[26]

• 16 February 2000, Air Nippon Flight 354 departed the runway at Okadama Airport, Sapporo, Japan and collided with a bank of snow.^[27]

• 3 November 2001, a YS-11 being prepared for delivery to an airline in Burundi was destroyed by a fire caused by a stray firework at London Southend Airport.^[28]

• 11 September 2005, Phuket Airlines Flight 326 departed the runway at Mae Sot Airport, Thailand.^[29]

• 2 January 2008, Asian Spirit Flight 321 suffered an undercarriage collapse on landing at Masbate Airport, Philippines.^[30]

• 28 September 2009, Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force YS-11M-A serial number 9044 overran the runway upon landing at Ozuki Air Field and was substantially damaged.^[31]

[edit] Specifications (YS-11A-200)

This aircraft article is missing some (or all) of its specifications. If you have a source, you can help Wikipedia by adding them.

Data from ^[32]

General characteristics

• Crew: Two
• Capacity: 64 passengers
• Payload: 5,400 kg (11,904 lb)
• Length: 26.3 m (86 ft 3 in)
• Wingspan: 32.0 m (105 ft 0 in)
• Height: 8.99 m (29 ft 6 in)
• Wing area: 94.83 m² (1,020.4 ft²)
• Empty weight: 14,600 kg (32,187 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 23,500 kg (51,808 lb)
• Powerplant: 2× Rolls-Royce Dart Mk.542-10K turboprop engines, 6,580 kW (8,060 shp) each

Performance

• Cruise speed: 454 km/h (245 knots, 282 mph)
• Range: 2,200 km (1,188 NM, 1,367 mi)
• Service ceiling: 6,982 m (22,900 ft)
• Rate of climb: 6.2 m/s (1,220 ft/min)

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• YS-11 photographs by Tony Hara

[edit] See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: YS-11

Comparable aircraft

• Convair 580
• Avro 748
• An-24
• An-26
  

Related lists

• List of airliners
  

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