Myocyte Information & Myocyte Links at HealthHaven.com

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A myocyte (also known as a muscle cell)^[1] is the type of cell found in muscles. They arise from myoblasts.^[2]

Each myocyte contains myofibrils, which are long chains of sarcomeres, the contractile units of the cell.

There are various specialized forms of myocytes: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells, with various properties.

Cardiac myocytes are responsible for generating the electrical impulses that control the heart rate, among other things. (See Sinoatrial node)

Kindlin-2 plays a role in elongation.^[3]

GATA4 and GATA6 play a role in differentiation.^[4]

[edit] References

^ myocyte at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ MeSH Myocytes
^ Dowling JJ, Vreede AP, Kim S, Golden J, Feldman EL (2008). "Kindlin-2 is required for myocyte elongation and is essential for myogenesis". BMC Cell Biol. 9: 36. doi:10.1186/1471-2121-9-36. PMID 18611274. PMC 2478659. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2121/9/36.
^ Zhao R, Watt AJ, Battle MA, Li J, Bondow BJ, Duncan SA (May 2008). "Loss of both GATA4 and GATA6 blocks cardiac myocyte differentiation and results in acardia in mice". Dev. Biol. 317 (2): 614–9. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.03.013. PMID 18400219. PMC 2423416. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012-1606(08)00219-4.

Histology: muscle tissue

Striated
muscle

Skeletal
muscle

Costamere/
DAPC

Membrane/ extracellular	DAP: Sarcoglycan (SGCA, SGCB, SGCD, SGCE, SGCG, SGCZ) · Dystroglycan Sarcospan · Laminin, alpha 2

Intracellular	Dystrophin · Dystrobrevin (A, B) · Syntrophin (A, B1, B2, G1, G2) · Syncoilin · Dysbindin · Synemin/desmuslin related: NOS1 · Caveolin 3

General

Neuromuscular junction · Motor unit · Muscle spindle · Excitation-contraction coupling · Sliding filament mechanism

Cardiac
muscle

Myocardium · Intercalated disc · Nebulette

General

Connective tissue	Epimysium · Fascicle · Perimysium · Endomysium

Fiber	Muscle fiber (intrafusal, extrafusal) · Myofibril · Microfilament/Myofilament

Sarcomere/ (a, i, and h bands; z and m lines)	Myofilament (thin filament/actin, thick filament/myosin, elastic filament/titin, nebulin) Tropomyosin Troponin (T, C, I)

Cells	Myoblast/Myocyte · Satellite cell

Other	Desmin · Sarcoplasm · Sarcolemma (T-tubule) · Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Smooth
muscle

Calmodulin · Vascular smooth muscle

Other/
ungrouped

Myotilin · Telethonin · Dysferlin · Fukutin · Fukutin-related protein

muscle, DF+DRCT navs: anat/hist/physio, acquired myopathy/congenital myopathy/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc

v • d • e Human cell types

Blood/immune	lymphoid: B cell · T cell (Cytotoxic T cell, Natural Killer T cell, Regulatory T cell, T helper cell) · Natural killer cell myeloid: granulocytes (Basophil granulocyte, Eosinophil granulocyte, Neutrophil granulocyte/Hypersegmented neutrophil) · Monocyte/Macrophage · Red blood cell (Reticulocyte) · Mast cell · Thrombocyte/Megakaryocyte · Dendritic cell

Endocrine system	thyroid (Thyroid epithelial cell, Parafollicular cell) · parathyroid (Parathyroid chief cell, Oxyphil cell) · adrenal (Chromaffin cell) · pineal (Pinealocyte)

Nervous system	glial cells: Glioblast (Astrocyte, Oligodendrocyte) · Microglia Magnocellular neurosecretory cell · Stellate cell · Boettcher cell pituitary (Gonadotrope, Corticotrope, Thyrotrope, Somatotrope, Lactotroph )

Respiratory system	Pneumocyte (Type I pneumocyte, Type II pneumocyte) · Clara cell · Goblet cell · Alveolar macrophage

Circulatory system	Myocardiocyte · Pericyte

Digestive system	stomach (Gastric chief cell, Parietal cell) · Goblet cell · Paneth cell G cells · D cells · ECL cells · I cells · K cells · S cells Enteroendocrine cells · Enterochromaffin cell · APUD cell liver (Hepatocyte, Kupffer cell)

Cartilage/bone/ muscle/ integumentary system	bone: Osteoblast · Osteocyte · Osteoclast · teeth (Cementoblast, Ameloblast) cartilage: Chondroblast · Chondrocyte skin/hair: Trichocyte · Keratinocyte · Melanocyte (Nevus cell) muscle: Myocyte other: Adipocyte · Fibroblast (corneal keratocyte) · Tendon cell

Urinary system	Podocyte · Juxtaglomerular cell · Intraglomerular mesangial cell/Extraglomerular mesangial cell · Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell · Macula densa cell

Reproductive system	male (Spermatozoon, Sertoli cell, Leydig cell) · female (Ovum)

see also list of distinct cell types in the adult human body

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