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Munich "Franz Josef Strauss" Airport (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) (German: Flughafen München-Franz Josef Strauß), is located 28.5 km (17.7 mi) northeast[1] of Munich, Germany, and is a hub for Lufthansa and Star Alliance partner airlines. It lies in direct proximity to the old city of Freising and is named in memory of politician Franz Josef Strauss. The airport is located on the territory of three different municipalities: Oberding (location of the terminals; district of Erding), Hallbergmoos and Marzling (district of Freising). Munich Airport is the second busiest airport in Germany in terms of passenger traffic (34.73 million in 2008), behind Frankfurt International Airport, while it is the world's 14th busiest airport in terms of international passenger traffic, behind Kuala Lumpur International Airport and the 27th busiest airport in the world. In 2009, it was named the 2nd "Best Airport in Europe" and fifth-best in the world by Skytrax, the air transport research company.[2]
[edit] HistoryThe airport commenced operation on 17 May 1992, when operations moved from the former site at Munich-Riem, which was closed down shortly before midnight on the day before. When its construction was started in 1980 a village named Franzheim had to be demolished, its 500 inhabitants having been resettled in other places in the area. As Lufthansa's home base at Frankfurt Airport is heavily saturated with traffic and has capacity limits, cities with large frequencies are served through Munich Franz Josef Strauss airport as well as Frankfurt International. The airport was named after Franz Josef Strauß, who played an important role in German politics. Among other Strauß was a long-time First Minister (Governor) of Bavaria (the state where the airport is located). Under his government, the airport was planned. Strauß, having been a private pilot himself, was said to have a particular interest in the aviation industry and infrastructure. Naming the airport by its full name is quite uncommon, even the airport authority is only named "Flughafen München Gesellschaft". In the Munich area, most people prefer the term "Flughafen München" (Munich Airport), sometimes "Flughafen München II" or simply MUC. The company operating the airport brands it as "M - Flughafen München". In June 2003, Terminal 2 was finished, housing Star Alliance partners exclusively. Due to the rapid increase in traffic, a third runway is now being planned. As always with such a project, there is considerable opposition from the nearby residents, and lawsuits against the runway have already been announced.  [edit] Terminals and Facilities.png) Most of the airport's facilities are located in the area between the two runways. The approach road and railway divide the west part into a southern half, which contains cargo and maintenance facilities, and a northern half, which contains mostly administrative buildings, a holiday long-term parking lot and the Visitors' Centre. It is followed by the west apron and Terminal 1, then the Munich Airport Center (MAC), Terminal 2 and the east apron. [edit] Terminal 1 Terminal 1 is the older terminal and commenced operation when the airport was opened on 17 May 1992. It has a total capacity of 25 m passengers per annum and is subdivided into five Modules designated with capital letters A, B, C, D and E. Modules A through D provide all facilities necessary to handle departures and arrivals, including landside drive-by lanes and parking, whereas module E is only equipped to handle arrivals. This design essentially makes each module a self-contained sub-terminal of its own, which is small and comfortable despite the total size of the terminal. Hall F is separate, located near Terminal 2 and handles flights with increased security requirements, i.e. those to Israel. Further, checkin for some flights departing from Terminal 1 is located in the the Central Area Z (German: Zentralbereich). The 1,081 m pier features 21 jet bridges, two of which have been rebuilt into waiting halls for bus transfers. There are further 60 waiting positions on the apron, some of which are equipped with specially-designed apron jet bridges (German: Vorfeldfluggastbrücken), to which passengers are brought by bus. This unique concept allows passengers to board with full protection from the weather but without the high investments required for full satellite terminals connected through a passenger transport system. Terminal 1 currently handles all flights from airlines that are not members of Star Alliance. However, due to lack of capacity at Terminal 2, Lufthansa subsidiary Germanwings and affiliate Condor moved back to Terminal 1, Module D. Further, Hall F handles flights to Israel from all airlines. [edit] Terminal 2  Terminal 2 commenced operation on 29 June 2003. As Terminal 1, it has a design capacity of 25 m passengers per annum. However, having been designed as a hub terminal for Lufthansa and Star Alliance members, it is not divided into modules. Instead, all facilities are arranged around a central Plaza. However, due to security regulations imposed by the European Union, the terminal is currently being equipped with facilities to handle passengers from countries considered insecure, i.e. not implementing the same regulations. This requires the construction of a new level as, unlike other airports, the terminal does not have separate areas for arriving and departing passengers. The pier, which is 980 m long, is equipped with 24 jet bridges. As the total number of waiting positions of 75 on the East Apron is not always sufficient, Terminal 2 sometimes also uses waiting positions on the West Apron, to which passengers are carried by airside buses. Terminal 2 has two main departure level, 04 and 05 and additional Bus gates on the lower level 03. Gates on level 05 (H) are designated Non-Schengen Gates. The leftmost gates are behind an additional security checkpoint for departures to the USA most of the day. The lower level 04 (G) contains mostly Schengen gates, and a small number of Gates for EU Non-Schengen destination on the right-most side. The same split is used for the bus gates on level 03, also designated G. The terminal is operated by Terminal-2-Betriebsgesellschaft (German for Terminal 2 Operating Company), which is owned by Flughafen München GmbH (60 %) and Lufthansa (40 %). This makes Terminal 2 the first terminal in Germany which is co-operated by an airline. There is a baggage sorting hall on the apron, which is planned to be extended into a satellite terminal for Terminal 2. [edit] Munich Airport Centre (MAC) The Munich Airport Centre (MAC) is a shopping, business and recreation area that connects the two terminals. The older Central Area (German: Zentralbereich), which was originally built as part of Terminal 1, hosts an underground shopping mall and the S-Bahn station. The newer MAC Forum built with Terminal 2 is a large outdoor area with a tent-like, partly transparent roof. Next to it is the airport hotel managed by Kempinski. [edit] Visitor Viewing FacilitiesThe airport authorities have set out to cater for visitors and sight-seers by creating a 'Visitors Park' which includes a 'Visitors Hill' from which a good view can be obtained of the westerly aircraft apron and Terminal 1. This is served by a railway station named 'Besucherpark'. The view from the hill is shown in the above image. There are three historic aircraft on display in the park, a Super Constellation, a Douglas DC-3 and a Junkers Ju 52/3m. There is also a visitors viewing terrace on the roof of Terminal 2 that gives a view of the easterly aircraft apron. [edit] Access[edit] Railway
Munich Airport is connected to the city by Munich suburban railway lines S1 and S8. The ride takes approximately 45 minutes. Munich Airport Station is located in a tunnel beneath the central area. A second station, Besucherpark (German: Visitors' Park) connects the cargo and maintenance areas, long-term parking, administrative buildings and the name-giving Visitors' Park. A second tunnel beneath the terminals is currently unused. Originally, there were plans to use it for inter-city railway, then for a Transrapid maglev train making the trip to Munich Central Station in 10 minutes. However, this project was cancelled in March 2008 due to cost escalation.[3]
[edit] BusMVV bus lines connect the airport to the nearby city of Freising as well as Erding and Markt Schwaben. Lufthansa Airport Bus provides an alternative to the S-Bahn, stopping at Nordfriedhof subway station and Munich Central Station. [edit] Road Munich Airport is accessible via nearby Motorway A 92, which connects to Motorway A 9 and Munich's ring motorway A 99 Bavarian State Road St. 2584 connects A 92's exit 6 (Flughafen München) - an incomplete interchange that can only be used by traffic to and from the west - to the terminals. Access from the east is possible via exit 8 (Freising Ost) and Bavarian State Road St. 2580, which connects to St. 2584 in the east of the airport. [edit] Future plans[edit] Third runwayA third runway would increase the number of landing slots available per hour from 90 to 120. It would run in parallel to the existing runways and be located to the northeast of the current north runway, significantly extending the total area occupied by the airport. According to Flughafen München GmbH (FMG), the airport's operator, the current two-runway system is already operating at full capacity during peak hours, request for slots from airlines already had to be denied. Further increase in air traffic is expected as Munich is to become a second major hub in Germany after Frankfurt. In August 2007, the airport operator applied for a planning permission from the government of Upper Bavaria. As more than 60,000 objections have been filed during public display of the plans, the procedures are expected not to conclude before 2010. While according to IACO Regulations (Annex XIV) the new runway would have to be named 08L/26R (renaming the existing north runway to 08C/26C), it is currently assigned the working title 09/27 in all plans.[4] [edit] Terminal 2 extensionAn extension to Terminal 2 would see the baggage sorting hall on the east apron be upgraded into a satellite terminal allowing 17 m additional passengers to be handled per year. While Terminal 1 still has plenty of capacity left - in 2007, it only handled about 9 m passengers - the extension to Terminal 2 is required by Lufthansa and its Star Alliance partners to allow easy transfers within a single terminal. When Terminal 2 and its east apron were built, preparations for a satellite terminal had already been made. Besides the baggage transport tunnel, there are three more tunnels beneath Terminal 2's apron that can receive a people mover and extensions to the current S-Bahn rail tunnel and unused inter-city rail tunnel respectively. The preparations also allow construction of a second satellite or an independent third terminal further to the east. [edit] Airlines and destinations[edit] Terminal 1
[edit] Terminal 2 - Star Alliance Partners
[edit] Cargo airlines
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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