Multiple complex developmental disorder (McDD) is a research category, proposed to involve symptoms of autism and schizophrenia.[1] People with McDD have severe, early-appearing social and communicative deficits, emotional dysregulation, and disordered thought processes.[1] In contrast to schizophrenia, symptoms of McDD emerge in earliest childhood, often in the first years of life, and persist throughout development.[1] The term multiplex developmental disorder was coined in 1986 by the late child psychiatrist Donald Cohen and his team at the Yale Child Study Center.[1] [edit] Symptoms There are three groups of symptoms:[1] the autistic, affective and psychotic symptoms. Individuals must have symptoms from all three categories in order to be considered for a diagnosis of McDD. [edit] Autistic symptoms Impaired social behavior or sensitivity, similar to that seen in autism may involve: - Social disinterest
- Detachment, avoidance of others, or withdrawal
- Impaired peer relations
- Highly ambivalent attachments
- Limited capacity for empathy or understanding what others are thinking or feeling
[edit] Affective symptoms Affective symptoms may involve: [edit] Psychotic symptoms Thought disorder (or psychotic) symptoms may involve: - Sudden, irrational intrusions on normal thoughts
- Magical thinking
- Confusion between reality and fantasy
- Delusions such as paranoid thoughts or fantasies of special powers
[edit] References [edit] PubMed sources [edit] Multiple complex developmental disorder - Lahuis, E.; Van Engeland, H.; Cahn, W.; Caspers, E.; Van Der Geest, N.; Van Der Gaag, J.; Kemner, C. (Feb 2008). "Smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) in patients with multiple complex developmental disorder (MCDD), a subtype of the pervasive developmental disorder". The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry: 1–8. doi:10.1080/15622970801901828. ISSN 1562-2975. PMID 18609441. edit
- Sprong, M.; Becker, E.; Schothorst, F.; Swaab, H.; Ziermans, B.; Dingemans, M.; Linszen, D.; Van Engeland, H. (Feb 2008). "Pathways to psychosis: a comparison of the pervasive developmental disorder subtype Multiple Complex Developmental Disorder and the "at Risk Mental State"". Schizophrenia research 99 (1-3): 38–47. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.10.031. ISSN 0920-9964. PMID 18055179. edit
- Lahuis, E.; Durston, S.; Nederveen, H.; Zeegers, M.; Palmen, J.; Van Engeland, H. (Sep 2008). "MRI-based morphometry in children with multiple complex developmental disorder, a phenotypically defined subtype of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified". Psychological Medicine 38 (9): 1361–1367. doi:10.1017/S0033291707001481. ISSN 0033-2917. PMID 17825125. edit
- Herba, M.; De Bruin, E.; Althaus, M.; Verheij, F.; Ferdinand, F. (Apr 2008). "Face and emotion recognition in MCDD versus PDD-NOS". Journal of autism and developmental disorders 38 (4): 706–718. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0438-5. ISSN 0162-3257. PMID 17721812. edit
- De Bruin, I.; De Nijs, F.; Verheij, F.; Hartman, A.; Ferdinand, F. (Jul 2007). "Multiple Complex Developmental Disorder Delineated from PDD-NOS". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 37 (6): 1181. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0261-4. ISSN 0162-3257. PMID 17066306. edit
- Masi, G; Mucci, M; Pari, C (2006). "Children with schizophrenia: clinical picture and pharmacological treatment". CNS drugs 20 (10): 841–66. ISSN 1172-7047. PMID 16999454. edit
- Sturm, H; Fernell, E; Gillberg, C (Jul 2004). "Autism spectrum disorders in children with normal intellectual levels: associated impairments and subgroups". Developmental medicine and child neurology 46 (7): 444–7. ISSN 0012-1622. PMID 15230456. edit
- Jansen, M.; Gispen-De Wied, C.; Van Der Gaag, J.; Van Engeland, H. (Mar 2003). "Differentiation between Autism and Multiple Complex Developmental Disorder in Response to Psychosocial Stress" (Free full text). Neuropsychopharmacology 28 (3): 582. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300046. ISSN 0893-133X. PMID 12629541. edit
- Ad-dab'bagh, Y; Greenfield, B (Aug 2001). "Multiple complex developmental disorder: the "multiple and complex" evolution of the "childhood borderline syndrome" construct". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40 (8): 954–64. doi:10.1097/00004583-200108000-00018. ISSN 0890-8567. PMID 11501696. edit
- Jansen, Lm; Gispen-De, Wied, Cc; Van, Der, Gaag, Rj; Ten, Hove, F; Willemsen-Swinkels, Sw; Harteveld, E; Van, Engeland, H (Nov 2000). "Unresponsiveness to psychosocial stress in a subgroup of autistic-like children, multiple complex developmental disorder". Psychoneuroendocrinology 25 (8): 753–64. ISSN 0306-4530. PMID 10996471. edit
- Ad-Dab'bagh, Y; Greenfield, B; Milne-Smith, J; Freedman, H (May 2000). "Inpatient treatment of severe disruptive behaviour disorders with risperidone and milieu therapy". Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie 45 (4): 376–82. ISSN 0706-7437. PMID 10813072. edit
- Kemner, C; Van, Der, Gaag, Rj; Verbaten, M; Van, Engeland, H (Sep 1999). "ERP differences among subtypes of pervasive developmental disorders". Biological psychiatry 46 (6): 781–9. ISSN 0006-3223. PMID 10494446. edit
- Buitelaar, Jk; Van, Der (Sep 1998). "Diagnostic rules for children with PDD-NOS and multiple complex developmental disorder". Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines 39 (6): 911–9. doi:10.1017/S0021963098002820. ISSN 0021-9630. PMID 9758199. edit
- Lincoln, Aj; Bloom, D; Katz, M; Boksenbaum, N (Jan 1998). "Neuropsychological and neurophysiological indices of auditory processing impairment in children with multiple complex developmental disorder". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37 (1): 100–12. ISSN 0890-8567. PMID 9444906. edit
- Van, Der, Gaag, Rj; Buitelaar, J; Van, Den, Ban, E; Bezemer, M; Njio, L; Van, Engeland, H (Aug 1995). "A controlled multivariate chart review of multiple complex developmental disorder". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 34 (8): 1096–106. ISSN 0890-8567. PMID 7665449. edit
- Towbin, Ke; Dykens, Em; Pearson, Gs; Cohen, Dj (Jul 1993). "Conceptualizing "borderline syndrome of childhood" and "childhood schizophrenia" as a developmental disorder". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 32 (4): 775–82. ISSN 0890-8567. PMID 8340298. edit
[edit] Multiplex developmental disorder - Scheeringa, Ms (Fall 2001). "The differential diagnosis of impaired reciprocal social interaction in children: a review of disorders". Child psychiatry and human development 32 (1): 71–89. doi:10.1023/A:1017511714145. ISSN 0009-398X. PMID 11579660. edit
- Zalsman, G; Cohen, Dj (1998). "Multiplex developmental disorder". The Israel journal of psychiatry and related sciences 35 (4): 300–6. ISSN 0333-7308. PMID 9988988. edit
- Paul, R; Cohen, D; Klin, A; Volkmar, F (Jan 1999). "Multiplex developmental disorders. The role of communication in the construction of a self" (Free full text). Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America 8 (1): 189–202, viii. ISSN 1056-4993. PMID 9894036. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/developmentaldisabilities.html. edit
- Klin, A; Mayes, Lc; Volkmar, Fr; Cohen, Dj (Jun 1995). "Multiplex developmental disorder". Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP 16 (3 Suppl): S7–11. ISSN 0196-206X. PMID 7560130. edit
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