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Dr. Muhammad M. Qureshi , MD - Free Doctor Profile - Nephrology, located healthgrades.com | BSN: Profile for Muhammad Zaman biotechsciencenews.com |
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi or Mohammad Hafeez Qureshi or Hafeez Qureshi (Urdu: محمد حفيظ قريشي) was a Pakistani nuclear scientist and mechanical engineer. He was an expert in nuclear war head technology and long-range thermonuclear missiles. He expertised in missile technology, aerodynamics and nuclear weapon technology. As profession, Qureshi was a mechanical engineer but he specialized in nuclear physics and nuclear technology. Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi as a mechanical engineer by profession; Qureshi had worked closely with known and prominent a Pakistani nuclear engineer Munir Ahmad Khan in weapon development project. At PAEC, Muhammad Qureshi, along with Munir Ahmad Khan and dr. Samar Mubarakmand, developed a thermonuclear capability for Pakistan's nuclear-missile Program. He had closely worked with another Pakistani nuclear engineer Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood in thermonuclear missile program.
[edit] Life and EducationMuhammad Hafeez Qureshi was born in Karachi, Pakistan. Hafeez Qureshi attended Karachi University, majoring in mechanical engineering, he partly supported his studies by working as a motor mechanic[1]. In Romny, his schoolmate and friend was future famous Optical physicist dr. Muhammad Jameel. However, Hafeez Qureshi, along with his majority of family members, migrated to United States of America. Hafeez Qureshi attended Michigan State University where he studied double majors. He received his Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering and engineering mechanics from there. Later, he received his M.Sc in mechanical engineering from the same University. After his Master's degree, Hafeez Qureshi came back to Pakistan where he joined PINSTECH and was put incharge on Mechanical Engineering Department (MED)[2] At PINSTECH, he also specialized in nuclear physics and become a distinguished professor of mechanical engineering. [edit] Career with Pakistan Atomic Energy ComissionMuhammad Hafeez Qureshi joined PAEC's PINSTECH in 1963[2]. At PINSTECH, Qureshi taught mechanical engineering as an Associate Professor. At PAEC, he developed mechanical devices and components for nuclear power plants. He had closely worked with another Pakistani nuclear engineer, Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood in development of nuclear weapons and missile program. He was a distinguished member of Nuclear Physics Group (NPG) at PINSTECH, where he along with dr. Samar Mubarakmand, Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood and dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan, studied and researched in the field on Nuclear Technology. Under the supervision of noted nuclear physicist, dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan, Qureshi specialized in nuclear physics and nuclear weapon technology. Dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan is also credited to taught and trained Qureshi in the field of Plutonium technlogy and Uranium enrichment technology. [edit] Research in Nuclear PhysicsAt PINSTECH, he was one the pioneering student of dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan where he and his mentor published papers in the field of nuclear physics and mechanical engineering. He, along with dr. Samar Mubarakmand, studied together in the field of nuclear technology under the supervision of dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan. He was known to be adept in the art of solving complex mechanical problems. This group however, could not continue for long at that time as the members of the group got dispersed[2]. [edit] Head of Radiation and Isotope Applications DivisionIn 1972, Hafeez Qureshi was put incharge of the Radiation and Isotope Applications Division (RIAD) at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) where he was trained by dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan in the field of Isotope and Radiation technology[3]. [edit] Development of Nuclear WeaponsIn March 1974, Hafeez Qureshi, who at the time was heading the Radiation and Isotope Applications Division (RIAD) at the Pakistan Institute of Science & Technology (PINSTECH); expertised in nuclear weapon technology[3]. Qureshi, who was the founder of the "Wah Group", was put incharge of "The Wah Group" with the initial support of PAEC Chairman Munir Ahmad Khan. In the meeting, the word "bomb" was never used but the Wah Group scientist, Hafeez Qureshi, knew exactly what he was being asked to do. Their task would be to build the mechanics of the nuclear device[3]. [edit] The Wah Group ScientistThe "Wah Group" was given task of development of the missile program, and the technologies that are required in the missiles. The "Wah" Group's tasks also included development of various high precision mechanical and chemical components, physics calculation, high explosives and triggering mechanisms for nuclear weapons. Under the leadership of Mr. Hafeez Qureshi, the "Wah Group" successfully completed the most complex mechanical task in the shortest possible time. As of late 1974, Mr. Hafeez Qureshi, among in his peers, gained a significant influence among his peer and widely with respect. His team members considered him as their scientific mentor. By the March, 1983, Pakistan conducted its first cold-test of nuclear weapon's design, which was mastermind by him, under the leadership of dr. Ishfaq Ahmad and Mr. Munir Ahmad Khan. By 1990, under the leadership of Munir Ahmad Khan, dr. Ishfaq Ahmad and Hafeez Qureshi, Directorate of Technical Development (DTD) carried out 24 cold tests of different nuclear weapon designs which were indigenously designed and developed by DTD headed by Hafeez Qureshi. It was Qureshi's indigenously designed and developed plutonium-based nuclear device when Pakistan, under the leadership of dr. Samar Mubarakmand, tested on May 30, 1998 at the Kharan desert. [edit] Development of Nuclear-Capable MissilesQureshi also designed rocket-propellants system for missiles. Qureshi designed both solid-fuel rocket system and liquid-fuel rocket system. Qureshi also upgraded Pakistan's space satellite launch center, notably Sonmiani Satellite Launch Center by installing new computer programming as well as sophisticated aerospace engineering labs. [edit] Directorate of Technical Development (DTD)By the 1990s, he was responsible for solid ground work of designing and production rocket-delivery vehicles as well as designing for Medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBM). Qureshi was the chief designer of Intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBM) and ran the nuclear missiles development-operation by himself. In 1990, the Government of Pakistan ordered PAEC to developed compact nuclear weapons for Pakistan Air Force. It was Qureshi's effort to developed the small and compact nuclear weapons for the Pakistan's F-16 Fighter Aircraft whereas upgraded the nuclear weapon delivery system for Pakistan's F-16 Fighting Falcon. He upgraded Pakistan's Dassault Mirage III's mechanical and aeronautical applications. [edit] Career as a Weapon ScientistQureshi was a noted weapon scientist. He was one of the pioneering instrument to sat up the Heavy and Mechanical industries in Pakistan to produced high-tech weapons and close-range missiles. While at PAEC, Qureshi was transfered at Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) as a chief weapon scientist at the Mechanical Complex. He successfully reverse engineered the AK-47 and American-M16 machine guns. He also assisted HIT's scientists in the designing of Sakb armoured command post vehicle. [edit] LegacyMuhammad Hafeez Qureshi was one of the prominent weapon scientist in the Pakistan. Hafeez Qureshi retired from PAEC in 2005 as a chief weapon scientist. After his retirement from PAEC, Mr. Hafeez Qureshi continued to serve the country and remained associated with Pakistan's strategic programmes till his death [2]. In recognition of his contribution to Pakistan's nuclear programme, he was awarded the Sitara-e-Imtiaz by then-Prime Minister of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto. In 1998, he was awarded the high civilian award Hilal-e-Imtiaz in (1998) by then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif. It was Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi's led Directorate of Technical Development in PAEC that designed and built the nuclear weapon devices that were tested by PAEC in 1998. However, like Munir Ahmad Khan, his services were not recognized in the manner he deserved. In August 11, 2007, he suffered a severe heart attack. He was buried in Islamabad. Many scientists and engineers who worked under him, called him a "Patriotic and Honest Scientist". Like Mr. Munir Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi always kept a much lower profile than Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan.That is why he is also known as one of the "Unsung Heroes of Nuclear Pakistan". [edit] References[edit] External links
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