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For the other Marvel Comics characters bearing the same codename, see Sharon Ventura and Moonstone (comics).
Ms. Marvel is the name of a fictional character appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Roy Thomas and designed by artist Gene Colan, the non-powered Carol Danvers debuted as a member of the US Air Force in Marvel Super-Heroes #13 (1968) and as Ms. Marvel — a fusion of alien Kree and human genes — in Ms. Marvel #1 (Jan. 1977). Debuting in the Silver Age of comic books, the character featured in a self-titled series in the late 1970s before becoming associated with superhero teams the Avengers and X-Men. The character has also been known as Binary and Warbird at various points in her history, and has featured in other Marvel-endorsed products including arcade and video games; animated television series and merchandise such as trading cards.
[edit] Publication history[edit] 1960sThe character debuts in the title Marvel Super-Heroes as an officer in the United States Air Force and Security Chief of a restricted military base, where Danvers meets "Dr. Henry Lawson", the alias of Alien Kree hero Captain Marvel.[1] [edit] 1970sCaught in the explosion of a Kree device, the character gains superhuman abilities and becomes the hero Ms. Marvel. In January 1977, she is featured in a self-titled series[2] at first written by Gerry Conway and later by Chris Claremont. Ms. Marvel guest-starred alongside the maverick superhero team the Defenders[3] before assisting the Avengers[4] against the robot villain Ultron. The character then had a series of semi-regular appearances in The Avengers, with additional appearances with the Defenders,[5] Spider-Man,[6] the Thing,[7] and Iron Man.[8] [edit] 1980sThe 200th issue of the Avengers[9] proved controversial when Ms. Marvel was kidnapped by a character named Marcus — the apparent son of Avengers foe Immortus‚ and taken to an alternate dimension, where she was brainwashed, seduced, and impregnated. The character gives birth on Earth to a child that rapidly ages into another version of Marcus, who takes Ms. Marvel back to the alternate dimension with no opposition from the Avengers. Feminist and comic book historian Carol A. Strickland criticized the storyline in an essay titled "The Rape of Ms. Marvel."[10] Citing Marcus's line ". . . Finally, after relative weeks of such efforts — and admittedly, with a subtle boost from Immortus' machines — you became mine," Strickland posited that Ms. Marvel's impregnation was simply rape by another name. As former writer of the solo title, Chris Claremont also commented on the inappropriateness of the storyline,[11] and effectively "undid" the story in Avengers Annual #10 (Dec. 1980).[12]  Carol Danvers appears as Ms. Marvel on the cover of Ms. Marvel #1 (Jan. 1977). Art by John Romita.  Cover to Uncanny X-Men #164 (Dec. 1982). Carol Danvers' first appearance as Binary. Art by Dave Cockrum. Danvers is revealed to have returned to Earth — courtesy of Immortus' technology after Marcus continued to age and die of old age — but is attacked by the mutant Rogue, who permanently absorbs the character's abilities and memories. Danvers' memories are later restored by Professor X, and an angry confrontation with the Avengers concerning their apathy follows. Claremont continued to develop the character in the title Uncanny X-Men, as using espionage, Danvers enters the Pentagon and wiped old government files on the X-Men.[13] During an adventure in space with the mutant team the X-Men, Danvers is changed courtesy of experimentation by the alien race the Brood into a newly empowered character called Binary.[14] Drawing on the power of a cosmic phenomenon called a white hole, Danvers becomes capable of generating the power of a star. As Binary, the character has a number of encounters with the X-Men,[15] New Mutants,[16] a solo adventure,[17] and with the offbeat team Excalibur.[18] Claremont expanded on the incident with the character Rogue by having the Ms. Marvel persona slowly assert itself on the villain-turned-hero. This happened to Rogue on two occasions[19] before she eventually completely falls under its control to the extent of donning an old Ms. Marvel costume.[20] Magneto is eventually able to destroy the persona and free Rogue.[21] [edit] 1990sThe character continued to make sporadic appearances,[22] and two additional issues planned for the original title — prevented by cancellation — were printed in a quarterly anthology series.[23] The same year the character was also used extensively in the storyline Operation Galactic Storm.[24] By the conclusion of the story the character has expended almost all her new abilities, reverting to use of the original Ms. Marvel powers. After several more team and solo appearances[25] the character then rejoins the Avengers[26] with the new alias Warbird. Writer Kurt Busiek adds a new dimension to the character and casts her as an alcoholic, struggling to come to terms with the loss of her cosmic powers and memories. Danvers disgraces herself during the "Live Kree or Die" storyline[27] and is soon suspended from active duty.[28] After a brief appearance in Marvel's alternate universe title What If?,[29] the character features in Iron Man,[30] Wolverine,[31] the Avengers, and Iron Man once more[32] before making a cameo appearance in X-Man.[33] [edit] 2000sThe character then featured as "Captain Marvel" in a false reality created by mutant the Scarlet Witch in limited series House of M.[34] This reality pandered to Carol's subconscious desire to be accepted as she proved to be the most popular superhero on Earth. Ms. Marvel then came to prominence again when the character was launched in a second self-titled volume[35] Together with fellow Avenger Iron Man, Carol also becomes a principal advocate of the Superhuman Registration Act during the events of Civil War.[36] The story also continues in Ms. Marvel's own title as the character battles the anti-registration heroes led by Captain America.[37] The storyline has major consequences for the New Avengers, with the team splitting and the pro-registration heroes - including Ms. Marvel - forming their own team, debuting in Mighty Avengers.[38] Carol enters into a relationship with fellow member Wonder Man,[39] appears in a crossover series with the robot Transformers,[40] and becomes leader of the Mighty Avengers.[41] The character makes an agreement with Tony Stark, director of S.H.I.E.L.D., to lead a covert strike team called Operation: Lightning Storm, its' designated mission the elimination of super villains before they become global threats.[42] After teaming with Spider-Man[43] Ms. Marvel also plays a significant role in the limited series Secret Invasion[44] against the alien shape-shifting Skrulls. At the conclusion of the war with the Skrulls, Norman Osborn is placed in charge of the registered Avengers team. Refusing to serve under Osborn, Ms. Marvel flees Avengers Tower[45] and joins the New Avengers,[46] becoming second-in-command.[47] Osborn appoints former Thunderbolt member Moonstone (Karla Sofen) as the "new" Ms. Marvel to his Dark Avengers team; Moonstone wears a variation of Ms. Marvel's original costume.[45] Osborn engineers a battle that results in Danvers' powers overloading, causing her apparent death. The character Moonstone takes over the title role in the ongoing Ms. Marvel series.[48] Carol Danvers returns with the aid of the New Avengers, a group of MODOK embryos (creations of organization Advanced Idea Mechanics (AIM)) and a character known as the Storyteller and reclaims the title of Ms. Marvel from Karla Sofen.[49] [edit] CharacterizationWriter Gerry Conway played a significant role in the character's subsequent development, who created her as the modern woman's "quest for raised consciousness, for self-liberation, for identity."[50] Conway wrote in his introduction to the series, ". . . you might see a parallel between her quest for identity, and the modern woman's quest for raised consciousness, for self-liberation, for identity."[51] The character's costume and powers were also derived from the character's then-contemporary male counterpart: Captain Marvel. Furthermore, the character's blonde hair and civilian name of Carol Danvers form a clear connection to DC Comics's Supergirl, a character created entirely in imitation of a male counterpart (and whose secret identity was Linda Lee Danvers).[52] The Ms. Marvel letters page ("Ms. Prints") featured letters debating whether or not the character was feminist. Reader (and frequent letterhack) Jana C. Hollingsworth took issue with Ms. Marvel's entire origin:
Another reader had issue with the hero's costume: "Question: where is a woman who wears long sleeves, gloves, high boots and a scarf (winter wear), and at the same time has a bare back, belly, and legs? The Arctic equator? That costume requires a few alterations."[54] It has been noted that "Danvers' initial appearances portrayed her as a strong character, but that changed over time -- even after she gained super powers." [55] When Ms. Marvel received her own title in the 2000s, Marvel was "determined to have the character take center stage in the Marvel Universe" with "Joe Quesada and the other powers [having] had the character play major roles in their huge 'House of M' crossover, in the 'New Avengers' and in the gargantuan success that is "Civil War."[56] "Writer Brian Reed has had Ms. Marvel overcome worthy challenges ranging from alien invasions, time-traveling sorcerers and former teammates turned enemy."[56] [edit] Powers and abilitiesMs. Marvel initially possessed superhuman strength, endurance, stamina, flight, physical durability and a limited precognitive "seventh sense". As Binary, the character could tap the energy of a "white hole", allowing manipulation of stellar energies, and therefore control over heat, the electromagnetic spectrum and gravity. Light speed travel and the ability to exist in the vacuum of space were also possible. Although the link to the white hole was eventually severed, Ms. Marvel retains her Binary powers on a smaller scale, enabling her to both absorb energy and project it in photonic form. The character, however, lacks a constant source of energy to maintain the abilities at their previous cosmic level. Carol Danvers is also an exceptional espionage agent, hand-to-hand combatant and markswoman. [edit] Other versions[edit] ExilesMain article: Exiles (Marvel Comics) An evil version of the character features in the title Exiles, joining the alternate universe explorers Weapon X and becoming the lover of master villain Hyperion.[57] [edit] Marvel MangaverseMain article: Marvel Mangaverse A powerless version appears in the title Marvel Mangaverse: Avengers Assemble, retaining the military persona as Lt. Carol Danvers USAF.[58] [edit] Ultimate MarvelThe Ultimate Marvel imprint features a powerless version of the character. In the title Ultimate Power the character becomes acting Director of spy organization S.H.I.E.L.D. after Nick Fury's disappearance.[59] [edit] X-Men: The EndThe limited series X-Men: The End features a version of the character that exists as pure energy and controls the spaceship the Starjammer.[60] [edit] In other media[edit] TelevisionMs. Marvel appears in the X-Men animated series (1992) voiced by Roscoe Handford and the The Super Hero Squad Show (2009) voiced by Grey DeLisle. [edit] Video gamesShe is a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance (2006) voiced by April Stewart. Her costumes include Binary, Warbird, Classic, and Original. She has special dialogue with Mandarin and Volla. A simulation disk has Ms. Marvel fight Super-Skrull. She is a playable Character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2 (2009) with April Stewart reprising the role. She is locked on the Pro-Registration side. She was captured by Shocker when trying to find out criminal activity. She is also a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad (video game) (2009). Grey DeLisle reprised her role. [edit] Bibliography
[edit] Collected Editions
[edit] See also[edit] References
[edit] External links
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