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Morning Star Internal Medicine greaterregional.org | The morning newspaper had a report of another tragedy pilgrimshoresobgyn.com | Morning Star - Women's Health and Birth Center - Northwestern... morningstarbirth.com |
The Morning Star is a left wing British daily newspaper in tabloid format. It is dedicated to foreign and domestic news, with a bias towards social and trade union issues rather than the perceived pro-business stance of other publications.[1] It has an arts page, TV page and sports pages but eschews the gossip columns and sensational news of other tabloid papers and has fewer pages than the average national daily. Features are contributed by writers from a variety of socialist, social democratic, green and religious perspectives. The newspaper was founded in 1930 as the Daily Worker, the organ of the Communist Party of Great Britain. It was relaunched as the Morning Star in 1966. Since September 1945 the paper has been owned and published by a readers' co-operative, the People's Press Printing Society, which operates on a one vote-per-shareholder basis. Its current policy is that Britain's Road to Socialism, the programme of the Communist Party of Britain, underlies the paper's editorial stance.[2]
[edit] History[edit] The Daily Worker (1930-1966)The Morning Star was founded in 1930 as the Daily Worker, the organ of the Communist Party of Great Britain.[citation needed] The first edition was produced on 1 January 1930 from the offices of the newspaper in Tabernacle Street, London by eight Party members including Kay Beauchamp.[3] In January 1934 The Daily Worker's offices moved to Cayton Street off the City Road. On 1 October 1935, the first eight page Daily Worker was produced. The paper criticized Walter Citrine, 1st Baron Citrine after a Paris meeting with French Labour Minister Charles Pomaret in December, 1939. Time said of the events following the meeting, "Minister Pomaret clamped down on French labor with a set of drastic wage-&-hour decrees and Sir Walter Citrine agreed to a proposal by Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir John Simon that pay rises in Britain be stopped"[4] Citrine sued the Daily Worker for libel after it accused him and his associates of "plotting with the French Citrines to bring millions of Anglo-French Trade Unionists behind the Anglo-French imperialist war machine"; the publisher pleaded the British press equivalent of 'fair comment'. Citrine alleged, in response to his lawyer's questioning, that the Daily Worker received £2000 pounds per month from "Moscow", and that Moscow directed the paper to print anti-war stories.[4] On 3 September 1939, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain spoke to the nation on the BBC, at which time he announced the formal declaration of war between Britain and Nazi Germany. Backed by his political ally, Party General Secretary Harry Pollitt, Daily Worker editor J.R. Campbell sought to portray the conflict against Hitler as a continuation of the anti-fascist fight.[5] This went against the Comintern position, which became CPGB policy on 3 October, that the war was a struggle between rival imperialist powers, and Campbell was removed as editor as a result. It responded to the assassination of Leon Trotsky by a Stalinist agent with an article on August 23 1940 entitled "A Counter Revolutionary Gangster Passes," written by former editor Campbell.[6] Because of its pro-Moscow position during the war, the Daily Worker was suppressed by Labour Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison, between 21 January 1941 and 7 September 1942, when the ban was lifted following a campaign supported by Hewlett Johnson, the Dean of Canterbury, and Professor J. B. S. Haldane. A "Lift the ban" conference at Central hall, Westminster on 21 March 1942 was attended by over 2,000 delegates. A key part of the campaign was to secure Labour Party support (Herbert Morrison was a fierce opponent of the Daily Worker). On 26 May 1942, after a heated debate, the Labour Party carried a resolution declaring the Government must lift the ban on the Daily Worker. During the ban the Daily Worker offices at Cayton Street were totally destroyed by fire during The Blitz on 16 April 1941. The paper moved temporarily in 1942 to the former Caledonian Press offices in Swinton Street (from where the old Communist Party Sunday Worker had been printed until 1929). In 1945 new offices were acquired at a former brush makers warehouse at 75 Farringdon Road, London EC1 for the sum of £48,000. A Scottish edition of the Daily Worker was produced from its plant in Glasgow starting on 11 November 1940. Since September 1945 the paper has been owned and published by a readers' co-operative, the People's Press Printing Society, which operates on a one-vote-per-shareholder basis. The last edition of the Daily Worker came out on Saturday 23 April 1966, being re-launched as the Morning Star, the first edition of which appeared the following Monday, 25 April 1966. An editorial in the final issue declared:
[edit] The Morning Star (1966 to present)The paper supported the National Union of Mineworkers during the miners' strike of 1984–1985, and it still campaigns for the coal industry to be rebuilt. It adopts the phrase "clean coal" to emphasise that the environmental impact of mining must be taken into account. The 2006 energy review by the Blair administration was criticised for not giving enough consideration to clean coal energy.[7] On international issues the paper advocates a "two-state" solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and calls for Israeli withdrawal from the "occupied Palestinian territories". It is critical of the Republican Party of the United States. It was the only daily paper in Britain to take a stance against the Kosovo War, denouncing North Atlantic Treaty Organization military intervention, and the only paper to criticise the way Serbian dictator Slobodan Milošević was removed from office. It opposed the Iraq War . On Northern Ireland the paper takes a pro-Irish nationalism line. News reports from Northern Ireland are described as "from our foreign newsdesk". [edit] Online versionAn online version of the paper was launched on 1 April 2004. Initially only some parts of the site were free, including a PDF of the paper's front page, the editorial "Star Comment" and all the articles from the culture and sports pages, while features and the actual news were subscription only. On 1 January 2009 this policy was changed, and now all content is now freely available online.[8] [edit] Editorial policySuccessive annual general meetings of the People's Press Printing Society have agreed that the policy of the paper is founded on Britain's Road to Socialism, the programme of the Communist Party of Britain.[9] However, despite this relationship with the CPB,[10] features are contributed by writers from a variety of socialist, social democratic, green and religious perspectives. Generally, the paper supports peace and socialism. It is Eurosceptic and supported the No2EU platform in the 2009 European elections. It is critical of the upper or ruling classes. It defends peaceful protests and civil disobedience and industrial action by workers to improve working conditions and wages. The Morning Star is concerned with environmental issues and supports environment campaigning groups; it advocates unilateral nuclear disarmament. In elections the paper endorses the Communist Party of Britain; where the CPB is not standing, the paper advocates the Labour Party – although not what it terms the 'New Labour' faction. [edit] ContributorsThe paper carries contributions from John Pilger and Uri Avnery, Green MEP Caroline Lucas, Derek Wall, Labour MPs Jeremy Corbyn and Alan Simpson, Respect MP George Galloway, former Mayor of London Ken Livingstone, Neil Clark and the cartoonist Martin Rowson. According to John Haylett:
[edit] Finances and circulationThe Morning Star carries little commercial advertising, with low advertising rates[11], and the cover price does not cover print and distribution. Consequently the paper has always been dependent on donations by activists, readers and organisations such as trade unions. The paper relies on its "Star Fund" appeal (monthly target £16,000).[12] In its past, the paper received subsidy from the Soviet Union in the form of bulk orders. In March 2005, BBC News Magazine reported the Morning Star's circulation as between 13,000 and 14,000, quoting John Haylett's comment "perhaps only one in 10 of these readers would label themselves as communists".[1] whilst later in August 2006, The Guardian reported the print run to be "around 25,000".[13] In 1981, its circulation had been about 36,000 (down from the Daily Worker's 1947 peak of 122,000).[14] During the early morning of 28 July 2008, the offices of the newspaper were damaged by fire,[15] and the edition of 29 July took a reduced form. On June 1 2009, the Morning Star was re-launched. The re-launch included a 16-page edition during the week, and a 24-page weekend edition. There was also an expanded use of colour pictures and graphics, plus a redesign and a modern layout of the pages. The Morning Star also redesigned its website. In addition a number of new and experienced journalists were engaged and the positions of full-time Industrial Correspondent and Lobby Correspondent in the House of Commons were reintroduced. The Morning Star has also taken a much higher profile at trade union gatherings and within the UK trade union movement, notably with unions such as Unite, GMB, and RMT. The newspaper has a high profile as such events as the Durham Miners Gala. Since 2008 the Morning Star has hired exhibition space at the Trades Union Congress, with sponsored copies being handed out to delegates and a special deal with a large independent newsagent Martin McColl to provide copies of the paper at half the cover price for a limited period for delegates who opted for home delivery of the newspaper. [edit] StaffOn 1 January 2009, Bill Benfield took over as editor of the Morning Star. [16] John Haylett, who had been editor since 1995, took up the post of political editor. Bill Benfield had previously been deputy editor and head of production. [edit] Editors
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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