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The Mil Mi-28 (NATO reporting name 'Havoc') is a Russian all-weather day-night military tandem two-seat anti-armour attack helicopter. It is a dedicated attack helicopter with no intended secondary transport capability, better optimized than the Mil Mi-24 for the anti-tank role. It carries a single gun in an undernose barbette, plus external loads carried on pylons beneath stub wings.
[edit] DevelopmentDevelopment began following completion of the Mi-24, a unique attack helicopter with transport capability, in 1972. The new design has a reduced transport capability (3 men, instead of 8), omitted the cabin, delivering better overall performance and higher top speed, important for its intended role fighting against tanks and enemy helicopters and covering helicopter landing operations. Initially, many different designs were considered, including an unconventional project with two main rotors, placed with engines on tips of wings (in perpendicular layout), and with an additional pusher propeller on the tail. In 1977, a preliminary design was chosen, in a classic single-rotor layout. It lost its similarity to the Mi-24, and even the canopies were smaller, with flat surfaces. In 1981, a design and a mock-up were accepted. The prototype (no. 012) was first flown on November 10, 1982, followed by the second prototype (no. 022), built in 1983. In 1984 it completed the first stage of state trials, but in October 1984 the Soviet Air Force chose the more advanced Kamov Ka-50 as the new anti-tank helicopter. The Mi-28 development was continued, but given lower priority. In December 1987 Mi-28 production in Rosvertol in Rostov on Don was approved.  In January 1988 the first Mi-28A prototype flew (no. 032). It was fitted with stronger engines and an "X" type tail rotor instead of a standard three-blade variant. This new version debuted at the Paris Air Show in June 1989. In 1991 second Mi-28A was built (no. 042). The Mi-28A program was cancelled in 1993 because it was deemed uncompetitive with the Ka-50, and in particular, it was not all-weather capable.  Yet another variant, the Mi-28N, was unveiled in 1995, the N designation meaning "night". The prototype (no. 014) flew on November 14, 1996. The most significant feature is a radar in a round cover above the main rotor, similar to that of the American AH-64D Longbow Apache. It also has improved Tor vision and an aiming device under the nose, including a TV camera and FLIR. Due to funding problems, development was interrupted. A second prototype with an improved rotor design was unveiled in March 2004 at Rosvertol. A changed military situation after the Cold War made specialized anti-tank helicopters, like Ka-50, less useful. On the other hand, its all-weather two-seater variant Ka-52 had worse performance due to increased weight. The advantages of the Mi-28N, like all-weather action ability, lower cost, and similarity to the Mi-24, have become important. In 2003, a chief of Russian Air Forces stated that the Mi-28N will become the standard Russian attack helicopter.[2]  The first serial Mi-28N was passed to the Army.[3] The aircraft joined the two pre-serial machines which were used for army trials. The aircraft entered service in 2006, along with the similar Ka-50/Ka-52.[4] Up to 10 helicopters will be purchased in 2006 [5] of total 300 to be purchased to 2015.[6] There is an export variant, known as the Mi-28NE, and a simpler day-helicopter variant, the Mi-28D, based on the Mi-28N design, but lacking radar and FLIR. [edit] DesignThe Mi-28 has two heavily armoured cockpits, a nose full with electronic equipments, and a narrow-X tail rotor. Its engines are two 2,200 hp Isotov TV-3-117VM (t/n 014) gas turbines. The X-type tail rotor (55 deg) has reduced noise characteristics. While the Mi-28 is not intended for use as a transport, it does have a small passenger compartment capable of carrying three people. The planned purpose of this is to enable the rescue of downed helicopter crews. [edit] Variants
[edit] Operators
[edit] Specifications[edit] Mi-28A, 1987 General characteristics
Performance
Armament
[edit] Mi-28N
[edit] See alsoRelated development Comparable aircraft
[edit] ReferencesThe initial version of this article was based on material from aviation.ru. It has been released under the GFDL by the copyright holder.
[edit] External links
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