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Membrane operation or membrane process is considered like a unit operation in chemical engineering.

In chemistry membrane operations use artificial membranes to separate mixtures. According to driving force of the operation it is possible to distinguish:

• pressure driven operations
  • ultrafiltration
  • gas separation
  • pervaporation
  • reverse osmosis
• concentration driven operations
  • dialysis
  • osmosis
• operations in electric potential gradient
  • electrodialysis
  • membrane electrolysis
  • electrophoresis
• operations in temperature gradient
  • membrane distillation

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