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The failure or fracture of a product or component in a single event is known as mechanical overload. It is a common failure mode, and may be contrasted with fatigue, creep, rupture, or stress relaxation. The terms are used in forensic engineering and structural engineering when analysing product failure. Failure may occur because either the product is weaker than expected owing to a stress concentration, or the applied load is greater than expected and exceeds the normal tensile strength, shear strength or compressive strength of the product.

[edit] Examples

Mechanical failure modes
Buckling
Corrosion
Creep
Fatigue
Fracture
Impact
Mechanical overload
Rupture
Thermal shock
Wear
Yielding
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Examples include the many components which fail in car crashes, train crashes, and airplane crashes as a result of impact loading. The problem for the investigator is to determine which failures have been caused by the crash, and which may have caused the crash. It usually involves examining the broken parts for signs of fatigue crack growth or other damage to the part which cannot be attributed to the crash itself. For very large structural failures such as the collapse of bridges, it is necessarily a long and tedious process of sifting the broken parts.

[edit] See also

• Forensic engineering
• Stress analysis
• Structural engineering

[edit] References

• Strength of Materials, 3rd edition, Krieger Publishing Company, 1976, by Timoshenko S.,ISBN 0-88275-420-3
• Forensic Materials Engineering: Case Studies by Peter Rhys Lewis, Colin Gagg, Ken Reynolds, CRC Press (2004).