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REAL PEOPLE - REAL NAMES - REAL IMPROVEMENT repairstemcells.org |
La Marcha Real ("The Royal March") is the national anthem of Spain. It is one of the few national anthems in the world to have no official lyrics. The origins of the anthem, one of the oldest in the world, are unknown. The melody was first printed in a document dated 1761 and entitled Libro de Ordenanza de los toques militares de la Infantería Española (The Spanish Infantry's Book of Military Bugle Calls), by Manuel de Espinosa. Here it is entitled La Marcha Granadera ("March of the Grenadiers"), though no composer's name is given. In 1770, King Carlos III declared the Marcha Granadera to be the official "Honour March", thereby according it a place at public and ceremonial events. Because it was always played at public events attended by the royal family, Spaniards soon came to regard the Marcha Granadera as their national anthem and called it the Marcha Real, or "Royal March". Under the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939), El Himno de Riego replaced La Marcha Real as the national anthem of Spain. At the conclusion of the Civil War, however, dictator Francisco Franco restored La Marcha Real as the country's national anthem, under its old title of La Marcha Granadera.
[edit] Current version The current official version, as described in Royal Decree 1560/1997[1], is a sixteen-bar long phrase, divided in two sections, each one is made up of four repeated bars (AABB form). Tempo is set to ♩= 76 and key to B flat. Depending on whom the anthem is performed to, there is a short version without the repetitions. The long one is kept for the King, while the short must be performed to Prime Minister, the Prince, or in sport. Also, there are three official performances by a symphonic orchestra, a military band, and an organ, written by Francisco Grau Vegara and requested by the Government of Spain. All in all, they are six different official adaptations. They all were recorded by the Spanish National Orchestra and the Royal Band as an official recording and released in compact disc during a limited period of time[2]. [edit] Copyright issues
Provided that the Marcha Real harmonization was written by Bartolomé Pérez Casas in early 1900s, and his copyright rights haven't yet expired, the Government bought them from Pérez Casas' inheritors in 1997 with 130,000,000 pesetas (~ € 781,316) to avoid future legal affairs[3]. But, as long as the work rights expire, they belong to Ministry of Culture, being necessary that collecting societies take them, which has led to criticism [4]. As a result, many different harmonizations are performed to avoid paying. Nonetheless, the 1997 Francisco Grau's revision rights were transferred for free to the Government, although they are not as well in public domain[5]. [edit] LyricsThough the Marcha Real has no lyrics, words have been written and used for it in the past. One version was used during Alfonso XIII's reign and another during General Franco's dictatorship; however, none of them was ever made official. The national anthem has been played without words since 1978, when the lyrics that had been approved by right-wing dictator Francisco Franco were abandoned.[6] [edit] Alfonso XIII lyrics
[edit] Franco lyrics
[edit] Lyric competitionAfter witnessing a rousing rendition of "You'll Never Walk Alone" at Anfield in 2007, the President of the Spanish Olympic Committee, Alejandro Blanco, said he felt inspired to seek lyrics to La Marcha Real ahead of Madrid's bid to host the 2016 Olympic Games.[7][8] Politicians, including the PM Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, steered clear of the issue in order not to alienate some Basques, Catalans, or Galicians who tend to identify with their own regions rather than with the Spanish state.[9] A number of the Autonomous communities of Spain have their own anthems. After widespread public criticism of the proposed lyrics - due to its supposed nationalist tone, the Spanish Olympic Committee withdrew them in January 2008, after just 5 days.[10] 2008 proposal:
[edit] References
[edit] Sheet music[edit] External links
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