Male rape:
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Main article: Types of rape
This article classifies types of rape by sex for both the rapist and his or her victim. While gender preferences do play a role in rape, the types of rape listed here are primarily classified by sex rather than by gender.
[edit] Rape of females by males
This is the most common type of rape. In a 2000 research article from the Home Office, in England and Wales around 1 in 20 women (4.9%) admitted that they had been raped at some point in their life from the age of 16 beyond.[1] A woman's physiological response to sexual contact are involuntary and in no way imply consent. Women can become aroused, their body can produce natural lubrications, and they can even orgasm against their will while being raped. [2] Furthermore, even if the victims orgasm is intensely pleasurable, it can lead to great stress, remorse, and self loathing, or perhaps feelings of guilt because they enjoyed the orgasm while being raped. Also it can cause emotional difficulties if the victim begins to associate orgasmic pleasure with the trauma of being raped.[citation needed] Feminists generally prefer to describe male rape of females in terms of power rather than sexuality, much like male-male rape is dissociated from homosexuality (a stronger person asserting their power over a weaker person).[citation needed]
[edit] Rape of males by females
[edit] Statutory female on male rape
- Further information: Female on male statutory rape
Women also can commit an act of rape with force or deception to make a man (or adolescent male) engage in a non-consensual penetrative sexual act. According to Court TV's Crime Library, women commit about 10% of all sexual offenses and their abuse often involves their own child or children, which is incest. Several widely publicized cases of female-male statutory rape in the United States involved school teachers raping their teenage male students under their (legally invalid) consent.
[edit] Non statutory female on male rape
Non statutory female on male rape is widely, but incorrectly, considered impossible because male erectile response is seen as voluntary, when, in fact, it is involuntary. [3][4] Fear, anger, anxiety, and non-arousal have been cited as factors in being unable to obtain an erection. [2][5] Therefore, male victims of rape by females [6] often face social, political, and legal double standards. [7] Though studies show otherwise [8], female rapists are usually seen as less culpable than male rapists by the courts due to these misunderstandings. Those who do not understand the law in many jurisdictions fail to realize that the forcible penetration of a male by a foreign object or a digit also constitutes the same crime. Since rape by females is much less well known than male-female rape, male victims of female rapists often find little support from rape crisis centers.
Due to these reasons, and the difficulties and comparative rarity of female on male rape compared to standard or statutory rape, it is likely being substantially under-reported in the United States and other developed countries.[9]
[edit] Rape of males by males
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- There is an effort to move the (already deleted) bulk of this section to Male Rape Research.
Male on male rape is common in incestuous rape, and other situations (such as prison or other similar settings) where men and boys are dependent on elder males and/or are unable to escape stronger males. Since the United States Uniform Crime Report statistics are considered unreliable (see discussion[s] above) regarding rape in general, regarding the sex of the victims (in some states rape of males is considered impossible by the law), and regarding the sex of the victimizer, no reliable statistics on male-male rape can be taken from these crime statistics, despite their official nature.
When a male is raped (by a male or female) the involuntary physiological response of erection or orgasm cannot be taken to imply that the act was welcomed by the victim. A capable assailant, male or female, can induce these involuntary physical responses in the majority of males with force and/or with deception.[citation needed]
Male-on-male rape does not imply homosexuality in the case of either party. Even if the victim shows signs of sexual stimulation during the experience, this has nothing to do with his established sex preference, any more than a female victim can be said to subconsciously enjoy her position if she has an orgasm. It only indicates a positive response to touching of sexual areas, much as can happen with non-autosexual masturbation performed without imagination or visual assistance. A response to touching is unconscious, and not necessarily reflective of one's mental, emotional, or visual attractions, which many people hold strong attachments to, the violations of which are traumatizing.
[edit] Rape of females by females
Lori Girshick explores female-female sexual assault in her book Woman-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call it Rape? (ISBN 1555535275). Justine Chang and Armand Kaye explore the subject in the documentary film, She Stole My Voice. The Network/La Red is a non-profit organization dedicated to the issue of lesbian domestic violence.
Bobbie Rosencrans, a victim of mother-daughter incest and co-author of The Last Secret: Daughters Sexually Abused by Mothers (1997, ISBN 1884444369), a study of 93 women and 9 men sexually abused by their mothers claims she was flooded with responses from female subjects when she began her study. Other researchers in the counseling field have noted similar responses from victims though along with persistent attempts to stifle, or to hold back research into mother-daughter incest and sexual abuse.
[edit] References
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