The place names of the Maghreb come from a variety of origins, mostly Arabic and Berber, but including a few derived from Phoenician, Latin, and several other languages. This is well illustrated by the three largest cities of Algeria, for instance: Algiers from Arabic al-jazā'ir "the islands", Oran from Wahran from berber wa-iharan "place of lions" and Constantine (Arabic Qasantina قسنطينة) from the Latin name of the emperor Constantine. For a Phoenician name, one has to look a little harder, but take, for instance, Jijel, shortened from Latin Igilgili, from Phoenician i gilgilt "Island of the Skull" (according to Lipinski.) The following toponymic elements are common in place names in the Maghreb: - agadir, granary, wall (Berber)
- aghbal أغبال, spring. (Berber)
- adrar أدرار, mountain. (Berber)
- tit eye, source, plural tittawin. Amazigh
- aït or ath آيت, "sons of". (Berber)
- ighrem "settlement"
- azrou أزرو, "stone" from (Berber) "azru"
- berkane بركان, "black" from (Berber) aberkan.
- bordj برج, fort. (Arabic), from Latin
- bou بو, place of (literally "father of"). Maghrebi Arabic and (Berber), from (Arabic) abū أبو.
- casbah قصبة, old quarter of a town. (Arabic)
- chergui شرقي (pl. cheraga شراقة), eastern. (Arabic)
- chott شطّ, a swampy salt lake. Maghrebi Arabic, from (Arabic) shātī شاطئ
- dar دار, pl. diar ديار, home. (Arabic)
- djebel جبل, mountain. (Arabic)
- djemaa جامع, mosque. (Arabic)
- douar دوار, (traditionally) region about the size of a county (Arabic)
- el الـ, "the" (Arabic)
- erg "field of dunes" (in the Sahara.)
- foggara "irrigation channel" (in the Sahara.)
- gharbi غربي, "western" (Arabic)
- hamada, "barren rock plain" (in the Sahara.)
- hamra f., hmar m. أحمر, "red" (Arabic)
- hassi حاسي, "well" (in the Sahara.)
- idhan "sand dunes", Tamahaq, the Tuareg language.
- ifrane "caves". (Berber)
- ighil "hill". (Berber)
- in "of", Tamahaq, Tuareg language.
- kalaa قلعة, "fortress". (Arabic)
- khemis خميس, "Thursday". (Arabic)
- ksar قصر, "fortified town, castle". (Arabic) from Latin castrum
- lalla لالاّ, "female saint". Maghrebi Arabic from (Berber)
- larbâa "Wednesday". (Arabic)
- melloul ملول, mellal ملال, mellil مليل, "white" from (Berber) amellal.
- mersa مرسى, "port" (Arabic)
- n ن, "of" (Berber)
- ouled ولاد, "sons of" Maghrebi Arabic from (Arabic) awlâd أولاد.
- ras راس, "cape, head" (Arabic)
- sebkha ou sabkha, "salt pan"
- seghir صغير, "small" (Arabic)
- si سي or sidi سيدي, "male saint" (Arabic)
- souk سوق, "market" (Arabic) مرسى, search
- tadrart "the rock" Tamahaq.
- tala تالا, "spring" (Berber); attested as early as Sallust's time in the form Thala.
- tan, tin "of, in" Tamahaq
- taourirt تاوريرت, "hill". (Berber)
- tedles تدلس, "reeds". (Berber)
- tehe "pass" Tamahaq, Tuareg language.
- tell تل, "hill" (Arabic)
- tizi تيزي, "pass" (Berber)
- oued واد. Maghrebi Arabic from (Arabic) wādī وادي
- wilaya ولاية, "province", Literary (Arabic)
- wan, win "of" Tamahaq
- zaouia زاوية "Quranic school" Maghrebi Arabic, from (Arabic) "corner".
- zemmour زمور. (Berber) azemmur, f. tazemmurt "olive tree".
- Zenati زناتي, from the medieval (Berber) tribe Zenata.
- zeriba زريبة, "stockade" (Arabic)
- zmala زمالة, pl. zmoul زمول "encampment"
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