Lower limb
Back of left lower extremity.
Latin	membrum inferius
Gray's	subject #291 1336

The lower limb is a limb of the body.^[1]

According to Terminologia Anatomica, it includes the pelvic girdle, buttocks, hip, and thigh,^[2] as well as the components distal to the knee.

[edit] See also

• Human leg
• Upper limb

[edit] References

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v • d • e Human anatomy (TA A01.1) Head Forehead · Ear · Jaw · Face (Cheek, Eye, Nose, Mouth, Chin) · Occiput · Scalp · Temple Neck Throat · Adam's apple Torso Breast · Thorax · Abdomen · Navel · Back · Pelvis Sex organs Limbs Upper limb Shoulder · Axilla · Arm Elbow · Forearm Wrist · Hand · Finger (Thumb · Index · Middle · Ring · Little) Lower limb/ (see also leg) Hip · Buttocks · Thigh Knee · Calf · Crus Ankle · Heel · Foot · Toe (Hallux · Fifth) · Sole Skin Hair

v • d • e Bones of lower limbs (TA A02.5.04-18, GA 2.242-277) Femur upper extremity head (fovea) · neck · greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) · lesser trochanter · intertrochanteric line · intertrochanteric crest · quadrate tubercle body linea aspera · gluteal tuberosity / third trochanter · pectineal line lower extremity adductor tubercle · patellar surface · epicondyles (lateral, medial) · condyles (lateral, medial) · intercondylar fossa Crus Tibia upper extremity Gerdy's tubercle · condyles (lateral, medial) · intercondylar eminence (lateral/medial intercondylar tubercle) · posterior/anterior intercondylar area body tuberosity · soleal line lower extremity medial malleolus · fibular notch Fibula head · body · lateral malleolus Other patella (apex of patella) Foot Tarsus calcaneus (sustentaculum tali, trochlear process) · talus (body, neck, head) · navicular · cuboid · cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral) Metatarsus 1st metatarsal · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th Other phalanges of the foot

v • d • e Joints and ligaments of lower limbs (TA A03.6, GA 3.333) Coxal/hip femoral (iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral) · head of femur · transverse acetabular Knee-joint Anterior meniscofemoral ligament · Posterior meniscofemoral ligament extracapsular: patellar · popliteal (oblique, arcuate) · collateral (medial/tibial, fibular/lateral) intracapsular: cruciate (anterior, posterior) · menisci (medial, lateral) · transverse Infrapatellar fat pad Tibiofibular Superior tibiofibular anterior of the head of the fibula · posterior of the head of the fibula Inferior tibiofibular anterior of the lateral malleolus · posterior of the lateral malleolus other Interosseous membrane of leg Joints of foot Talocrural/ankle medial: medial of talocrural joint/deltoid (anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular) lateral: lateral collateral of ankle joint (anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular) Subtalar/talocalcaneal anterior/posterior · lateral/medial · interosseous Transverse tarsal Talocalcaneonavicular dorsal talonavicular · plantar calcaneonavicular/spring · bifurcated (calcaneonavicular) Calcaneocuboid dorsal calcaneocuboid · long plantar · plantar calcaneocuboid · bifurcated (calcaneocuboid) Distal intertarsal Cuneonavicular plantar · dorsal Cuboideonavicular plantar · dorsal Intercuneiform plantar · dorsal · interosseous Other Tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc plantar · dorsal Intermetatarsal/metatarsal plantar · dorsal · interosseous · superficial transverse · deep transverse Metatarsophalangeal plantar · collateral Interphalangeal plantar · collateral Arches Longitudinal · Transverse

v • d • e List of muscles of lower limbs (TA A04.7, GA 4.465) ILIAC Region / ILIOPSOAS psoas major/psoas minor · iliacus BUTTOCKS gluteals: (maximus, medius, minimus) · tensor fasciae latae lateral rotator group: quadratus femoris · inferior gemellus · obturator internus · superior gemellus · piriformis THIGH / compartments Anterior sartorius · quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis) · articularis genu Posterior/hamstring biceps femoris · semitendinosus · semimembranosus Medial pectineus · obturator externus · gracilis · adductor (longus, brevis, magnus) Fascia Femoral sheath (Femoral canal) · Femoral ring Adductor canal · Adductor hiatus fascia lata (Iliotibial tract, Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh, Medial intermuscular septum of thigh, Fascia cribrosa/Saphenous opening) LEG/ Crus/ compartments Anterior tibialis anterior · extensor hallucis longus · extensor digitorum longus · peroneus tertius Posterior superficial · triceps surae (gastrocnemius, soleus, Achilles tendon) · plantaris deep · tarsal tunnel (flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior) · popliteus Lateral peroneus muscles (longus, brevis) Fascia Pes anserinus crural fascia (Anterior crural intermuscular septum, Posterior crural intermuscular septum, Transverse intermuscular septum) FOOT Dorsal extensor hallucis brevis · extensor digitorum brevis Plantar 1st layer (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi) · 2nd layer (quadratus plantae, lumbrical muscle) · 3rd layer (flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis) · 4th layer (dorsal interossei, plantar interossei) Fascia Plantar fascia retinacula (Peroneal, Inferior extensor, Superior extensor, Flexor)

v • d • e List of arteries of lower limbs (TA A12.2.16, GA 6.623) EI: Femoral Superficial superficial epigastric – superficial iliac circumflex External pudendal superficial – deep (anterior scrotal) Profunda femoris lateral circumflex femoral (descending, transverse, ascending) – medial circumflex femoral (ascending, superficial, deep, acetabular) – perforating Descending genicular saphenous branch – articular branches Popliteal Sural no major branches Genicular superior genicular (medial, lateral) – middle genicular – inferior genicular (medial, lateral) Anterior tibial tibial recurrent (posterior, anterior) anterior malleolar (medial, lateral) dorsalis pedis: tarsal (medial, lateral) Posterior tibial circumflex fibular – fibular medial plantar – lateral plantar Arches arcuate: dorsal metatarsal / first dorsal metatarsal – deep plantar – dorsal digital arteries plantar arch: plantar metatarsal – common plantar digital – proper plantar digital

v • d • e Veins of lower limbs (TA A12.3.11, GA 7.669) thigh femoral · profunda femoris · popliteal deep leg fibular · anterior tibial · posterior tibial superficial leg small saphenous · great saphenous (external pudendal, superficial of penis ♂/clitoris ♀) foot dorsal arch · dorsal metatarsal · dorsal digital · plantar arch · plantar metatarsal · common digital · plantar digital

v • d • e Lymphatics of lower limbs (TA A13.3.05, GA 8.701) Inguinal Deep inguinal · Superficial inguinal Other Popliteal

v • d • e Nerves of lower limbs and lower torso: the lumbosacral plexus (L1-Co) (TA A14.2.05-07, GA 9.948) lumbar plexus (L1-L4) iliohypogastric lateral cutaneous branch · anterior cutaneous branch ilioinguinal anterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀ genitofemoral femoral branch/lumboinguinal · genital branch lateral cutaneous of thigh patellar obturator anterior (cutaneous) · posterior · accessory femoral anterior cutaneous branches · saphenous (infrapatellar, medial crural cutaneous) sacral plexus (L4-S4) sciatic common fibular lateral sural cutaneous (sural communicating branch) · deep fibular (lateral terminal branch, medial terminal branch, dorsal digital) · superficial fibular (medial dorsal cutaneous, intermediate dorsal cutaneous, dorsal digital) tibial medial sural cutaneous · medial calcaneal · medial plantar (common plantar digital nerves, proper plantar digital) · lateral plantar (deep branch, superficial branch, common plantar digital, proper plantar digital) sural lateral dorsal cutaneous · lateral calcaneal other muscular: superior gluteal/inferior gluteal · lateral rotator group (to quadratus femoris, to obturator internus, to the piriformis) cutaneous: posterior cutaneous of thigh (inferior cluneal, perineal branches) · perforating cutaneous coccygeal plexus (S4-Co) pudendal: inferior anal · perineal (deep, posterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀) · dorsal of the penis ♂/clitoris ♀ anococcygeal cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs