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The Long March 3B (Chinese: 长征三号乙火箭), also known as the Chang Zheng 3B, CZ-3B and LM-3B, is a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It is launched from Launch Complex 2 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre. A three-stage rocket with four strap-on liquid rocket boosters, it is most powerful member of the Long March rocket family and the heaviest of the Long March 3 rocket family, and is mainly used to place communications satellites into geosynchronous orbits. At the time of its introduction, it was the second most capable SLV in the world, only after the Russian Proton.[6] An enhanced version (LM-3B/E) was developed to increase GTO capacity and lift heavier GEO communications satellites.
[edit] History The development of LM-3B launch vehicle was started in 1986 on the basis of the prior technology of Long March launch vehicles to meet the demand of international GEO communications satellite market, especially for high power and heavy communications satellites. During its maiden flight on 14 February 1996, the rocket suffered a guidance failure two seconds into the flight and pitched over, crashing into a village 22 seconds after launch. The Intelsat 708 satellite was lost and a number of villagers were killed. Following its maiden flight, the next ten LM-3B and LM-3B/E launch missions were successful. In 2009, a LM-3B/E partially failed during the launch due to a third stage anomaly which resulted in Palapa-D reaching a lower than planned orbit.[7] However, the satellite was able to maneuver itself into the planned orbit. [edit] Long March 3BLM-3B is the most powerful launch vehicle in Long March feet and is based on the LM-3A as its core stage with four liquid boosters strapped on the first stage. Its LEO capacity is 12,000 kilograms (26,000 lb) and GTO capacity is 5,100 kilograms (11,000 lb). It has been launched nine times so far. [edit] Long March 3B/EThe Long March 3B/E (Enhanced Version) (LM-3B/E) has nearly the same configurations as LM-3B but uses an enlarged first stage and boosters, to increase its GTO payload capacity to 5,500 kilograms (12,000 lb).[8] Its maiden flight was on 13 May 2007, when it successfully launched NigComSat-1, the first African geosynchronous communications satellite. It was also then used for launching Venesat-1 in 2008 and Palapa-D in 2009. LM-3B/E is dedicated for launching heavy GEO communications satellites. [edit] Derivative launch vehicleA modified version of the LM-3B, the Long March 3C, was developed in the mid-1990s to bridge the gap in payload capacity between the Long March 3B and 3A. It is almost identical to the Long March 3B but with two boosters instead of four and a reduced GTO payload capacity of 3,800 kilograms (8,400 lb), making it ideal for the launch of smaller satellites. Its first launch was on 25 April 2008.[9] [edit] References
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