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Contents 1 Introduction (Gray's s17) 1.1 Gray's page #79 1.2 Gray's page #80 1.3 Development of the Skeleton 1.3.1 Gray's page #80 1.3.2 Gray's page #81 1.3.3 Gray's page #82 1.3.4 Gray's page #83 1.3.5 Gray's page #84 1.3.6 Gray's page #85 2 bone (Gray's s18) 2.1 Gray's page #86 2.2 Gray's page #87 2.3 Gray's page #88 2.4 Gray's page #89 2.5 Gray's page #90 2.6 Gray's page #91 2.7 Gray's page #92 2.8 Gray's page #93 2.9 Gray's page #94 2.10 Gray's page #95 3 the vertebral column (Gray's s19) 3.1 Gray's page #96 3.2 general characteristics of a vertebra (Gray's s20) 3.2.1 Gray's page #96 3.2.2 Gray's page #97 3.2.3 the cervical vertebrae (Gray's s21) 3.2.3.1 Gray's page #97 3.2.3.2 Gray's page #98 3.2.3.3 Gray's page #99 3.2.3.4 Gray's page #100 3.2.3.5 Gray's page #101 3.2.3.6 Gray's page #102 3.2.4 the thoracic vertebrae (Gray's s22) 3.2.4.1 Gray's page #102 3.2.4.2 Gray's page #104 3.2.5 the lumbar vertebrae (Gray's s23) 3.2.5.1 Gray's page #104 3.2.5.2 Gray's page #106 3.2.6 the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae (Gray's s24) 3.2.6.1 Gray's page #106 3.2.6.2 Gray's page #107 3.2.6.3 Gray's page #108 3.2.6.4 Gray's page #110 3.2.6.5 Gray's page #111 3.2.6.6 Gray's page #112 3.2.6.7 Gray's page #113 3.3 the vertebral column as a whole (Gray's s25) 3.3.1 Gray's page #114 3.3.2 Gray's page #115 4 the thorax (Gray's s26) 4.1 Gray's page #116 4.2 Gray's page #117 4.3 Gray's page #118 4.4 the sternum (Gray's s27) 4.4.1 Gray's page #119 4.4.2 Gray's page #120 4.4.3 Gray's page #121 4.4.4 Gray's page #123 4.5 the ribs (Gray's s28) 4.5.1 Gray's page #123 4.5.2 Gray's page #124 4.5.3 Gray's page #125 4.5.4 Gray's page #126 4.6 the costal cartilages (Gray's s29) 4.6.1 Gray's page #127 5 the skull (Gray's s30) 5.1 Gray's page #128 5.2 the cranial bones 5.2.1 the occipital bone (Gray's s31) 5.2.1.1 Gray's page #129 5.2.1.2 Gray's page #130 5.2.1.3 Gray's page #131 5.2.1.4 Gray's page #132 5.2.2 the parietal bone (Gray's s32) 5.2.2.1 Gray's page #133 5.2.2.2 Gray's page #134 5.2.2.3 Gray's page #135 5.2.3 the frontal bone (Gray's s33) 5.2.3.1 Gray's page #135 5.2.3.2 Gray's page #136 5.2.3.3 Gray's page #137 5.2.3.4 Gray's page #138 5.2.4 the temporal bone (Gray's s34) 5.2.4.1 Gray's page #138 5.2.4.2 Gray's page #139 5.2.4.3 Gray's page #140 5.2.4.4 Gray's page #141 5.2.4.5 Gray's page #142 5.2.4.6 Gray's page #143 5.2.4.7 Gray's page #144 5.2.4.8 Gray's page #145 5.2.4.9 Gray's page #146 5.2.5 the sphenoid bone (Gray's s35) 5.2.5.1 Gray's page #147 5.2.5.2 Gray's page #148 5.2.5.3 Gray's page #149 5.2.5.4 Gray's page #150 5.2.5.5 Gray's page #151 5.2.5.6 Gray's page #152 5.2.6 ethmoid bone (Gray's s36) 5.2.6.1 Gray's page #153 5.2.6.2 Gray's page #154 5.2.6.3 Gray's page #155 5.2.6.4 Gray's page #156 5.3 the facial bones 5.3.1 the nasal bones (Gray's s37) 5.3.1.1 Gray's page #156 5.3.2 the maxillæ (upper jaw) (Gray's s38) 5.3.2.1 Gray's page #157 5.3.2.2 Gray's page #158 5.3.2.3 Gray's page #159 5.3.2.4 Gray's page #160 5.3.2.5 Gray's page #161 5.3.2.6 Gray's page #162 5.3.2.7 Gray's page #163 5.3.3 the lacrimal bone (Gray's s39) 5.3.3.1 Gray's page #163 5.3.3.2 Gray's page #164 5.3.4 the zygomatic bone (Gray's s40) 5.3.4.1 Gray's page #164 5.3.4.2 Gray's page #165 5.3.4.3 Gray's page #166 5.3.5 the palatine bone (Gray's s41) 5.3.5.1 Gray's page #166 5.3.5.2 Gray's page #167 5.3.5.3 Gray's page #168 5.3.5.4 Gray's page #169 5.3.6 the inferior nasal concha (Gray's s42) 5.3.6.1 Gray's page #169 5.3.7 the vomer (Gray's s43) 5.3.7.1 Gray's page #170 5.3.7.2 Gray's page #171 5.3.8 the mandible (lower jaw) (Gray's s44) 5.3.8.1 Gray's page #172 5.3.8.2 Gray's page #173 5.3.8.3 Gray's page #174 5.3.8.4 Gray's page #175 5.3.9 the hyoid bone (Gray's s45) 5.3.9.1 Gray's page #177 5.3.9.2 Gray's page #178 5.4 the exterior of the skull (Gray's s46) 5.4.1 Norma verticalis 5.4.1.1 Gray's page #178 5.4.2 Norma basalis 5.4.2.1 Gray's page #179 5.4.2.2 Gray's page #180 5.4.2.3 Gray's page #181 5.4.2.4 Gray's page #182 5.4.3 Norma lateralis 5.4.3.1 Gray's page #182 5.4.3.2 Gray's page #183 5.4.3.3 Gray's page #184 5.4.3.4 Gray's page #185 5.4.4 Norma occipitalis 5.4.4.1 Gray's page #185 5.4.5 Norma frontalis 5.4.5.1 Gray's page #185 5.4.5.2 Gray's page #186 5.4.5.3 Gray's page #187 5.4.5.4 Gray's page #188 5.4.6 Orbits 5.4.6.1 Gray's page #188 5.4.6.2 Gray's page #189 5.5 the interior of the skull (Gray's s47) 5.5.1 Gray's page #189 5.5.2 Gray's page #190 5.5.3 Gray's page #191 5.5.4 Gray's page #192 5.5.5 Gray's page #193 5.5.6 Gray's page #194 5.5.7 Gray's page #195 5.5.8 Gray's page #196 5.5.9 Gray's page #197 5.5.10 Gray's page #198 5.5.11 Gray's page #199 6 the extremities (Gray's s48) 6.1 the bones of the upper extremity 6.1.1 the clavicle (Gray's s49) 6.1.1.1 Gray's page #200 6.1.1.2 Gray's page #202 6.1.2 the scapula/Shoulder blade (Gray's s50) 6.1.2.1 Gray's page #202 6.1.2.2 Gray's page #203 6.1.2.3 Gray's page #204 6.1.2.4 Gray's page #205 6.1.2.5 Gray's page #206 6.1.2.6 Gray's page #207 6.1.2.7 Gray's page #208 6.1.3 the humerus (Gray's s51) 6.1.3.1 Gray's page #209 6.1.3.2 Gray's page #211 6.1.3.3 Gray's page #212 6.1.3.4 Gray's page #213 6.1.4 the ulna (Gray's s52) 6.1.4.1 Gray's page #214 6.1.4.2 Gray's page #215 6.1.4.3 Gray's page #218 6.1.4.4 Gray's page #219 6.1.5 the radius (Gray's s53) 6.1.5.1 Gray's page #219 6.1.5.2 Gray's page #220 6.2 the hand 6.2.1 the carpus (Gray's s54) 6.2.1.1 Gray's page #221 6.2.1.2 Gray's page #224 6.2.1.3 Gray's page #225 6.2.1.4 Gray's page #226 6.2.1.5 Gray's page #227 6.2.2 the metacarpus (Gray's s55) 6.2.2.1 Gray's page #227 6.2.2.2 Gray's page #228 6.2.3 the phalanges of the hand (Gray's s56) 6.2.3.1 Gray's page #230 6.3 the bones of the lower extremity 6.3.1 the hip bone (Gray's s57) 6.3.1.1 Gray's page #231 6.3.2 Ilium 6.3.2.1 Gray's page #231 6.3.2.2 Gray's page #232 6.3.2.3 Gray's page #233 6.3.2.4 Gray's page #234 6.3.3 Ischium 6.3.3.1 Gray's page #235 6.3.4 Pubis 6.3.4.1 Gray's page #236 6.3.4.2 Gray's page #237 6.3.5 the pelvis (Gray's s58) 6.3.5.1 Gray's page #238 6.3.5.2 Gray's page #239 6.3.5.3 Gray's page #240 6.3.5.4 Gray's page #241 6.3.6 the femur (Gray's s59) 6.3.6.1 Gray's page #242 6.3.6.2 Gray's page #243 6.3.6.3 Gray's page #244 6.3.6.4 Gray's page #245 6.3.6.5 Gray's page #246 6.3.6.6 Gray's page #247 6.3.6.7 Gray's page #248 6.3.6.8 Gray's page #255 6.3.7 the patella (Gray's s60) 6.3.7.1 Gray's page #255 6.3.8 the tibia (Gray's s61) 6.3.8.1 Gray's page #256 6.3.8.2 Gray's page #257 6.3.8.3 Gray's page #258 6.3.8.4 Gray's page #259 6.3.8.5 Gray's page #260 6.3.9 the fibula (Gray's s62) 6.3.9.1 Gray's page #260 6.3.9.2 Gray's page #261 6.3.9.3 Gray's page #262 6.4 the foot 6.4.1 the tarsus (Gray's s63) 6.4.1.1 Gray's page #263 6.4.1.2 Gray's page #266 6.4.1.3 Gray's page #267 6.4.1.4 Gray's page #269 6.4.1.5 Gray's page #270 6.4.1.6 Gray's page #271 6.4.2 the metatarsus (Gray's s64) 6.4.2.1 Gray's page #272 6.4.2.2 Gray's page #273 6.4.2.3 Gray's page #274 6.4.3 the phalanges of the foot (Gray's s65) 6.4.3.1 Gray's page #275 6.4.4 comparison of the bones of the hand and foot (Gray's s66) 6.4.4.1 Gray's page #276 6.4.5 the sesamoid bones (Gray's s67) 6.4.5.1 Gray's page #277 7 See also

[edit] Introduction (Gray's s17)

[edit] Gray's page #79

• classes
  • Long bones
    • body, or diaphysis
    • medullary canal
    • epiphyses
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
    • tables of the skull
    • vitreous table

[edit] Gray's page #80

• classes
  • Flat bones
    • diploë
  • Irregular bones
• Surfaces of bones
  • articular eminences
  • articular depressions
  • non-articular eminences
    • tuberosity, protuberance, or process
    • tubercle
    • spine
    • ridge, crest, or line
  • non-articular depressions
    • fossæ, pits, depressions, grooves, furrows, fissures, notches
  • perforation/passage
    • foramen
    • canal

[edit] Development of the Skeleton

[edit] Gray's page #80

• Skeleton
  • axial skeleton
  • appendicular skeleton
• Vertebral column
  • primitive segments
  • intersegmental septa
  • myocœl
  • cutis-plate
  • muscle-plate
  • sclerotome
  • sclerotogenous layer

[edit] Gray's page #81

• Vertebral column
  • membranous vertebral column

[edit] Gray's page #82

• Vertebral column
  • cartilaginous vertebral column
  • hypochordal bar or brace
  • nucleus pulposus
• Ribs
  • primitive costal arches

[edit] Gray's page #83

• Sternum
  • sternal plate
• Skull

[edit] Gray's page #84

• Skull
  • membranous cranium
  • chondrocranium
  • chordal or vertebral portion
  • prechordal or prevertebral portion
  • trabeculae cranii
  • parachordal cartilages

[edit] Gray's page #85

• • cartilaginous ear-capsules
  • trabeculae cranii
  • ethmoidal plate
  • dermal or covering bones

[edit] bone (Gray's s18)

[edit] Gray's page #86

• Structure and Physical Properties
  • compact tissue
  • cancellous tissue

[edit] Gray's page #87

• medullary mem
• Periosteum
  • granular corpuscles or osteoblasts
• Marrow

[edit] Gray's page #88

• Marrow
  • myelocytes
  • erythroblasts or normoblasts
  • Giant cells (myeloplaxes, osteoclasts)
  • Howship's foveolæ
• Vessels and Nerves of Bone
  • blood vessels
  • medullary artery or nutrient artery

[edit] Gray's page #89

• Vessels and Nerves of Bone
  • veins
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Nerves
• Minute Anatomy
  • Haversian systems
  • Haversian canal
  • lamellæ
  • lacunæ
  • canaliculi
  • interstitial lamellæ
  • circumferential lamellæ

[edit] Gray's page #90

• Minute Anatomy
  • primary or fundamental lamellæ
  • secondary or special lamellæ
  • Haversian canals
  • lamellæ
  • perforating fibers
  • Lacunæ

[edit] Gray's page #91

• Minute Anatomy
  • bone-cell
  • bone-corpuscle
  • Canaliculi
  • bone cells
• Ossification
  • intramembranous ossification

[edit] Gray's page #92

• Ossification
  • intramembranous ossification
    • osteoblasts
    • Osteogenetic fibers

[edit] Gray's page #93

• Ossification
  • intercartilaginous ossification
    • epiphysial cartilage
    • center of ossification
    • primary areolæ
    • perichondrium

[edit] Gray's page #94

• Ossification
  • osteoblasts, or bone-formers
  • osteoclasts, or bone-destroyers
  • secondary areolæ or medullary spaces

[edit] Gray's page #95

• Ossification
  • epiphyses
    • pressure epiphyses
    • traction epiphyses
    • atavistic epiphyses

[edit] the vertebral column (Gray's s19)

[edit] Gray's page #96

• Columna Vertebralis; Spinal column

[edit] general characteristics of a vertebra (Gray's s20)

[edit] Gray's page #96

• typical vertebra
• vertebral foramen
• intervertebral foramina
• body of vertebra (corpus vertebræ)

[edit] Gray's page #97

• body of vertebra (corpus vertebræ)
• vertebral arch or neural arch (posterior part)
  • pedicle of vertebral arch (radices arci vertebræ)
    • vertebral notches
  • lamina of the vertebral arch
• processes of vertebra
  • 1 Spinous process (processus spinosus)
  • 4 Articular processes
  • 2 Transverse processes (processus transversi)

[edit] the cervical vertebrae (Gray's s21)

[edit] Gray's page #97

• cervical vertebræ
  • body
  • anterior surface
  • posterior surface

[edit] Gray's page #98

• upper surface
• lower surface
• pedicles
• laminae
• vertebral foramen
• spinous process
• superior articular process
• inferior articular process
• transverse processes
• foramen transversarium
• costal process or costal element
• anterior tubercle
• posterior tubercle

[edit] Gray's page #99

• First cervical vertebra (atlas)
  • anterior arch
  • anterior tubercle
  • posterior arch
  • posterior tubercle
  • fovea dentis
  • dens (anatomy)
  • sulcus arteriae vertebralis
  • inferior vertebral notches
  • lateral masses
  • superior facets

[edit] Gray's page #100

• First cervical vertebra (atlas)
  • inferior articular facets
  • transverse processes
• second cervical vertebra (epistropheus or axis)
  • body
  • dens or odontoid process
  • apex

[edit] Gray's page #101

• second cervical vertebra (epistropheus or axis)
  • pedicles
  • laminae
  • transverse processes
  • superior articular surfaces
  • inferior articular surfaces
  • superior vertebral notches
  • inferior vertebral notches
  • spinous process
• Seventh cervical vertebra (Vertebra prominens )
  • transverse processes

[edit] Gray's page #102

• Seventh cervical vertebra (Vertebra prominens )
  • cervical rib

[edit] the thoracic vertebrae (Gray's s22)

[edit] Gray's page #102

• thoracic vertebræ

[edit] Gray's page #104

• First thoracic vertebra
• Ninth thoracic vertebra
• Tenth thoracic vertebra
• Eleventh thoracic vertebra
• Twelfth thoracic vertebra

[edit] the lumbar vertebrae (Gray's s23)

[edit] Gray's page #104

• lumbar vertebræ

[edit] Gray's page #106

• tubercles
  • mammillary process
  • accessory process
• Fifth lumbar vertebra

[edit] the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae (Gray's s24)

[edit] Gray's page #106

• Sacrum (os sacrum)
  • sacrovertebral angle
• Pelvic surface of sacrum (facies pelvina)
  • transverse ridges
  • anterior sacral foramina
  • lateral parts of the sacrum

[edit] Gray's page #107

• Dorsal surface of sacrum (facies dorsalis)
  • middle sacral crest
  • sacral groove
  • sacral articular crests

[edit] Gray's page #108

• Dorsal surface of sacrum (facies dorsalis)
  • sacral cornua
  • posterior sacral foramina
  • lateral crests
• Lateral surface of sacrum
  • auricular surface
  • sacral tuberosity
  • inferior lateral angle
• base of the sacrum (basis oss. sacri)

[edit] Gray's page #110

• base of the sacrum (basis oss. sacri)
  • ala of sacrum
• Apex of the sacrum (apex oss. sacri)
• Vertebral canal (canalis sacralis; sacral canal)

[edit] Gray's page #111

• Differences in the Sacrum of the Male and Female
• Coccyx (os coccygis)
  • coccygeal cornua
• Ossification of the Vertebral column

[edit] Gray's page #112

• neurocentral synchondroses

[edit] Gray's page #113

• Ossification of the Vertebral column

[edit] the vertebral column as a whole (Gray's s25)

[edit] Gray's page #114

• Curves of vertebral column

[edit] Gray's page #115

• Posterior surface
• vertebral groove
• Lateral surfaces

[edit] the thorax (Gray's s26)

[edit] Gray's page #116

• thorax or chest

[edit] Gray's page #117

• Thorax: boundaries of:
• Thorax: skeleton of:
• upper opening of the thorax

[edit] Gray's page #118

• lower opening of the thorax
• subcostal angle

[edit] the sternum (Gray's s27)

[edit] Gray's page #119

• sternum (breast bone)

[edit] Gray's page #120

• Manubrium (manubrium sterni)
  • jugular notch or presternal notch
• Body of sternum (corpus sterni; gladiolus)

[edit] Gray's page #121

• Body of sternum (corpus sterni; gladiolus)
  • sternal foramen
  • sternal angle (angulus Ludovici)
• Xiphoid process (processus xiphoideus; ensiform or xiphoid appendix)

[edit] Gray's page #123

• fissura sterni

[edit] the ribs (Gray's s28)

[edit] Gray's page #123

• ribs (Costæ)
  • true ribs or vertebro-sternal ribs
  • false ribs
  • vertebro-chondral ribs
  • floating ribs or vertebral ribs
  • intercostal spaces
• Common Characteristics of the Ribs
• Posterior Extremity
  • crista colli costœ

[edit] Gray's page #124

• Posterior Extremity
  • head of rib
  • neck of rib
  • tubercle of rib
    • articular portion
    • non-articular portion
• body or shaft
  • angle
  • costal groove

[edit] Gray's page #125

• Anterior extremity or sternal extremity
• Peculiar ribs
  • First rib
    • scalene tubercle
  • Second rib

[edit] Gray's page #126

• Peculiar ribs
  • Tenth rib
  • Eleventh rib and Twelfth rib

[edit] the costal cartilages (Gray's s29)

[edit] Gray's page #127

• costal cartilages (Cartilagines Costales)

[edit] the skull (Gray's s30)

[edit] Gray's page #128

• skull
• cranium
• skeleton of the face

[edit] the cranial bones

[edit] the occipital bone (Gray's s31)

[edit] Gray's page #129

• occipital bone
• foramen magnum
• squama (squama occipitalis)
  • external surface
    • external occipital protuberance
    • highest nuchal line

[edit] Gray's page #130

• squama (squama occipitalis)
  • external surface
    • superior nuchal line
    • planum occipitale
    • planum nuchale
    • median nuchal line
    • inferior nuchal line
  • internal surface
    • cruciate eminence
    • internal occipital protuberance

[edit] Gray's page #131

• squama (squama occipitalis)
  • internal surface
    • sagittal sulcus
    • internal occipital crest
    • vermian fossa
    • confluence of the sinuses
• Lateral parts of occipital bone (pars lateralis)
  • under surfaces of the lateral part
    • condyles
    • hypoglossal canal (anterior condyloid foramen)
    • condyloid fossa
    • condyloid canal
    • jugular process
    • jugular notch
    • intrajugular process
    • paramastoid process
  • upper surface of the lateral part
    • jugular tubercle

[edit] Gray's page #132

• Basilar part of occipital bone (pars basilaris)
  • pharyngeal tubercle
• Foramen magnum
• Angles
  • superior angle
  • posterior fontanelle
  • inferior angle
  • lateral angles
• Borders
  • superior borders
  • lambdoidal suture
  • inferior borders
• Ossification of occipital bone

[edit] the parietal bone (Gray's s32)

[edit] Gray's page #133

• external surface
  • parietal eminence (tuber parietale)

[edit] Gray's page #134

• external surface
  • superior temporal line and inferior temporal line
  • parietal foramen
• internal surface
  • sagittal sulcus
  • arachnoid granulations (Pacchionian bodies)
• Borders
  • sagittal border
  • squamous border

[edit] Gray's page #135

• Borders
  • coronal suture
  • occipital border
  • lambdoidal suture
• Angles
  • frontal angle
  • bregma
  • anterior fontanelle
  • sphenoidal angle
  • occipital angle
  • lambda
  • posterior fontanelle
  • mastoid angle
  • asterion

[edit] the frontal bone (Gray's s33)

[edit] Gray's page #135

• Squama (squama frontalis)
  • metopic suture
  • frontal eminence (tuber frontale)
  • superciliary arches
  • glabella
  • supraorbital margin

[edit] Gray's page #136

• Squama (squama frontalis)
  • supraorbital notch or supraorbital foramen
  • zygomatic process
  • temporal line
  • upper temporal line and lower temporal line
  • nasal part
  • nasal notch
  • nasion
  • nasal process
  • spine of squama
  • sagittal sulcus
  • frontal crest

[edit] Gray's page #137

• Squama (squama frontalis)
  • foramen cecum
• Orbital or Horizontal Part (pars orbitalis)
  • orbital plates
  • ethmoidal notch
  • lacrimal fossa
  • fovea trochlearis
  • trochlear spine
  • ethmoidal notch
  • anterior ethmoidal canal

[edit] Gray's page #138

• Orbital or Horizontal Part (pars orbitalis)
  • posterior ethmoidal canal
  • frontal air sinuses
  • frontonasal duct
• border of the squama
• posterior borders of the orbital plates
• Ossification of frontal bone

[edit] the temporal bone (Gray's s34)

[edit] Gray's page #138

• temporal bone

[edit] Gray's page #139

• Squama (squama temporalis)
  • temporal line, or supramastoid crest
  • zygomatic process
  • anterior root and posterior root
  • articular tubercle (eminentia articularis)

[edit] Gray's page #140

• Squama (squama temporalis)
  • suprameatal triangle, or mastoid fossa
  • mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa)
  • petrotympanic fissure (Glaserian fissure)

[edit] Gray's page #141

• parietal notch
• antero-inferior border
• Mastoid portion (pars mastoidea)
  • mastoid foramen
  • mastoid process
  • mastoid notch (digastric fossa)
  • occipital groove

[edit] Gray's page #142

• Mastoid portion (pars mastoidea)
  • sigmoid sulcus
  • mastoid cells
  • tympanic antrum
  • tegmen tympani
  • attic or epitympanic recess
• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • petrosquamous suture
  • eminence (eminentia arcuata)
  • tegmen tympani
  • hiatus of the facial canal

[edit] Gray's page #143

• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • Trigeminal impression
  • posterior surface
    • Internal acoustic meatus
    • Crista falciformis
    • Area cribrosa media
    • Foramen singulare
    • Tractus spiralis foraminosus
    • Canalis centralis cochleœ
    • Area cribrosa superior
    • Area facialis
    • Aquæductus Fallopii
    • Aquæductus vestibuli
    • Subarcuate fossa
  • inferior surface
    • Carotid canal

[edit] Gray's page #144

• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • inferior surface
    • aquæductus cochleæ
    • jugular fossa
    • inferior tympanic canaliculus
    • mastoid canaliculus
    • jugular surface
    • vaginal process
    • styloid process
    • stylomastoid foramen
  • angles
    • superior angle
    • posterior angle
    • jugular fossa

[edit] Gray's page #145

• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • angles
    • jugular foramen
    • anterior angle
    • petrosquamous suture
    • septum canalis musculotubarii (processus cochleariformis)
• Tympanic part (pars tympanica)
  • tympanic sulcus
  • antero-inferior surface
  • vaginal process
  • foramen of Huschke
  • external acoustic meatus
  • suprameatal spine
• Styloid process (processus styloideus)
• Ossification of temporal bone

[edit] Gray's page #146

• Ossification of temporal bone
  • Proötic center of temporal bone
  • Pterotic center of temporal bone
  • Epiotic center of temporal bone
  • tympanic ring

[edit] the sphenoid bone (Gray's s35)

[edit] Gray's page #147

• body of sphenoid bone
• sphenoidal air sinuses
• superior surface of sphenoid
  • ethmoidal spine
  • chiasmatic groove (optic groove)
  • optic foramen
  • tuberculum sellæ
  • sella turcica
  • fossa hypophyseos
  • middle clinoid processes
  • dorsum sellæ
  • posterior clinoid processes
  • petrosal process

[edit] Gray's page #148

• superior surface of sphenoid
  • clivus
• lateral surfaces of sphenoid
  • carotid groove
  • lingula
• posterior surface of sphenoid

[edit] Gray's page #149

• anterior surface of sphenoid
  • sphenoidal crest
  • sphenoidal air sinus
  • sphenoidal conchæ
• inferior surface of sphenoid
• sphenoidal rostrum
• vaginal process
• Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)

[edit] Gray's page #150

• Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
  • spina angularis (sphenoidal spine)
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen Vesalii
  • foramen spinosum
  • infratemporal crest
  • sulcus tubæ

[edit] Gray's page #151

• Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
  • pterion
• Small wings (alæ parvæ)
  • orbito-sphenoids
• Surfaces
  • superior orbital fissure
• Borders
  • anterior clinoid process
  • optic foramen
• Pterygoid processes (processus pterygoidei)
  • pterygopalatine groove
  • pterygoid fissure
  • pterygoid fossa
  • scaphoid fossa
  • lateral pterygoid plate
  • Medial pterygoid plate
  • pterygoid hamulus
  • vaginal process

[edit] Gray's page #152

• Pterygoid processes (processus pterygoidei)
  • pterygoid tubercle
  • processus tubarius
• Sphenoidal conchæ (conchæ sphenoidales; sphenoidal turbinated processes)

[edit] ethmoid bone (Gray's s36)

[edit] Gray's page #153

• Cribiform plate (lamina cribrosa; horizontal lamina)
  • crista galli
  • alæ

[edit] Gray's page #154

• Perpendicular plate (lamina perpendicularis; vertical plate)
• Labyrinth or Lateral mass (labyrinthus ethmoidalis)
  • ethmoidal cells
• Surfaces
  • upper surface
    • anterior and posterior ethmoidal canals
  • posterior surface

[edit] Gray's page #155

• Surfaces
  • lateral surface
    • lamina papyracea (os planum)
    • uncinate process

[edit] Gray's page #156

• Surfaces
  • medial surface
    • middle nasal concha
    • superior meatus
    • superior nasal concha
    • middle meatus of the nose
    • infundibulum
• sutural or Wormian bones

[edit] the facial bones

[edit] the nasal bones (Gray's s37)

[edit] Gray's page #156

• nasal bones

[edit] the maxillæ (upper jaw) (Gray's s38)

[edit] Gray's page #157

• maxillæ

[edit] Gray's page #158

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore)
  • Surfaces
    • anterior surface of the body of the maxilla
      • incisive fossa
      • canine fossa
      • canine eminence
      • infraorbital foramen
      • nasal notch
      • anterior nasal spine
    • infratemporal surface of the body of the maxilla
      • alveolar canals
      • maxillary tuberosity

[edit] Gray's page #159

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • Surfaces
    • orbital surface of the body of the maxilla
      • lacrimal notch
      • infraorbital groove
      • infraorbital canal

[edit] Gray's page #160

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • Surfaces
    • nasal surface of the body of the maxilla
      • pterygopalatine canal
      • lacrimal groove
      • conchal crest

• Maxillary sinus or Antrum of Highmore (sinus maxillaris)

[edit] Gray's page #161

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • alveolar canals
• Zygomatic process (processus zygomaticus; malar process)
• Frontal process (processus frontalis; nasal process)
  • ethmoidal crest
  • agger nasi
  • lacrimal fossa
  • anterior lacrimal crest
  • lacrimal tubercle
• Alveolar process (processus alveolaris)
  • alveolar arch
  • alveolar point

[edit] Gray's page #162

• Palatine process (processus palatinus; palatal process)
  • incisive foramen
  • incisive canals
  • foramina of Stenson
  • foramina of Scarpa
  • premaxilla (os incisivum)

[edit] Gray's page #163

• Palatine process (processus palatinus; palatal process)
  • nasal crest
  • incisor crest
  • anterior nasal spine
• Ossification of maxilla

[edit] the lacrimal bone (Gray's s39)

[edit] Gray's page #163

• lacrimal bone

[edit] Gray's page #164

• posterior lacrimal crest
• lacrimal sulcus (sulcus lacrimalis)
• lacrimal hamulus
• lesser lacrimal bone

[edit] the zygomatic bone (Gray's s40)

[edit] Gray's page #164

• Surfaces
  • malar surface
    • zygomaticofacial foramen
  • temporal surface
    • zygomaticotemporal foramen

• Processes
  • frontosphenoidal process

[edit] Gray's page #165

• Processes
  • orbital process
    • zygomaticoörbital foramina

[edit] Gray's page #166

• Processes
  • maxillary process
  • temporal process

• Borders
  • antero-superior border or orbital border
  • antero-inferior border or maxillary border
  • postero-superior border or temporal border
  • postero-inferior border or zygomatic border

• Ossification of zygomatic bone

• Articulations

[edit] the palatine bone (Gray's s41)

[edit] Gray's page #166

• pterygopalatine fossa and pterygoid fossa
• inferior orbital fissure

[edit] Gray's page #167

• Horizontal part of palatine bone (pars horizontalis; horizontal plate of palatine bone)
  • posterior nasal spine
• Vertical part of palatine bone (pars perpendicularis; perpendicular plate of palatine bone)
  • conchal crest
  • ethmoidal crest

[edit] Gray's page #168

• Vertical part of palatine bone (pars perpendicularis; perpendicular plate of palatine bone)
  • pterygopalatine canal
  • maxillary process
  • sphenopalatine notch
  • sphenopalatine foramen
• processes
  • Pyramidal process of palatine bone or Tuberosity (processus pyramidalis)
  • Orbital process of palatine bone (processus orbitalis)

[edit] Gray's page #169

• processes
  • Sphenoidal process of palatine bone (processus sphenoidalis)
• sphenopalatine notch
• Ossification of sphenoid

[edit] the inferior nasal concha (Gray's s42)

[edit] Gray's page #169

• inferior nasal concha
• lacrimal process
• ethmoidal process
• maxillary process

[edit] the vomer (Gray's s43)

[edit] Gray's page #170

• nasopalatine groove

[edit] Gray's page #171

• ethmovomerine cartilage

[edit] the mandible (lower jaw) (Gray's s44)

[edit] Gray's page #172

• Body of mandible (corpus mandibulae)
  • external surface of mandible
    • symphysis menti
    • mental protuberance
    • mental tubercle
    • incisive fossa
    • mental foramen
    • oblique line
  • internal surface of mandible
    • mental spines

[edit] Gray's page #173

• Body of mandible (corpus mandibulae)
  • internal surface of mandible
    • mylohyoid line
• Ramus of mandible (ramus mandibulae; perpendicular portion of mandible)
  • mandibular foramen
  • lingula mandibulae
  • mylohyoid groove
  • mandibular canal

[edit] Gray's page #174

• Ramus of mandible (ramus mandibulae; perpendicular portion of mandible)
  • angle of the mandible
  • Coronoid process (processus coronoideus)
  • Condyloid process (processus condyloideus)
    • condyle of condyloid process
    • neck of condyloid process
  • mandibular notch

[edit] Gray's page #175

• articulations of mandible
• Changes produced in the mandible by age
• Ossification of the mandible

[edit] the hyoid bone (Gray's s45)

[edit] Gray's page #177

• Basihyal of hyoid bone

[edit] Gray's page #178

• Greater Cornua or Thyrohyals (cornua majora)
• Lesser Cornua or Ceratohyals (cornua minora)

[edit] the exterior of the skull (Gray's s46)

[edit] Norma verticalis

[edit] Gray's page #178

• Norma verticalis
• coronal sutures
• sagittal sutures
• lambdoidal suture
• bregma
• lambda
• parietal eminence and parietal foramen
• obelion
• glabella
• superciliary arches
• frontal eminences
• frontal suture
• temporal lines

[edit] Norma basalis

[edit] Gray's page #179

• Norma basalis

[edit] Gray's page #180

• incisive foramen
• incisive canals (foramina of Stenson)
• foramina of Scarpa
• greater palatine foramen
• pyramidal process of the palatine bone
• lesser palatine foramina
• posterior nasal spine
• choanæ
• pharyngeal canals
• pterygoid canal
• scaphoid fossa
• hamulus
• pharyngeal tubercle
• foramen ovale
• foramen spinosum
• spina angularis (sphenoidal spine)
• mandibular fossa
• petrotympanic fissure
• articular tubercle

[edit] Gray's page #181

• styloid process
• stylomastoid foramen
• tympanomastoid fissure
• mastoid notch
• occipital groove
• foramen lacerum
• pterygoid canal
• carotid canal
• sulcus tubæ auditivæ
• petrosphenoidal fissure
• carotid canal
• aquæductus cochleæ
• jugular foramen
• inferior tympanic canaliculus
• mastoid canaliculus
• petroöccipital fissure
• foramen magnum
• jugular process
• basion
• opisthion
• condyloid fossa

[edit] Gray's page #182

• median nuchal line
• external occipital protuberance
• superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line

[edit] Norma lateralis

[edit] Gray's page #182

• Norma lateralis
• zygomaticotemporal suture
• zygomaticofrontal suture
• sphenozygomatic suture
• sphenofrontal suture
• sphenoparietal suture
• sphenosquamosal suture
• pterion

[edit] Gray's page #183

• squamosal suture
• parietomastoid suture
• coronal suture and lambdoidal suture
• occipitomastoid suture
• mastoid foramen
• asterion
• superciliary arch
• frontal eminence
• parietal eminence
• external occipital protuberance
• temporal lines
• Temporal fossa (fossa temporalis)
• stephanion
• zygomaticotemporal foramen
• infratemporal crest
• inferior orbital fissure or sphenomaxillary fissure
• zygomatic arch
• external acoustic meatus
• suprameatal triangle
• suprameatal spine
• mandibular fossa

[edit] Gray's page #184

• Infratemporal fossa (fossa infratemporalis; zygomatic fossa)
• zygomatic arch
• foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
• alveolar canals
• inferior orbital fissure (fissura orbitalis inferior; sphenomaxillary fissure)

[edit] Gray's page #185

• pterygomaxillary fissure
• Pterygopalatine fossa (fossa pterygopalatina; sphenomaxillary fossa)
• foramen rotundum
• pterygoid canal
• pharyngeal canal
• sphenopalatine foramen
• pterygopalatine canal

[edit] Norma occipitalis

[edit] Gray's page #185

• Norma occipitalis
• sagittal suture
• lambdoidal suture
• parietomastoid suture
• occipitomastoid suture
• external occipital protuberance or inion
• planum occipitale
• planum nuchale
• mastoid foramen

[edit] Norma frontalis

[edit] Gray's page #185

• Norma frontalis
• anterior nasal aperture

[edit] Gray's page #186

• frontal eminences
• superciliary arches
• glabella
• frontal suture
• nasion
• supraorbital notch or supraorbital foramen

[edit] Gray's page #187

• anterior nasal spine
• infraorbital foramen
• zygomaticofacial foramen

[edit] Gray's page #188

• incisive fossa
• mental foramen

[edit] Orbits

[edit] Gray's page #188

• Orbits (orbitæ)
• roof of orbit
  • trochlear fovea
  • lacrimal fossa
• floor of orbit
  • infraorbital groove

[edit] Gray's page #189

• medial wall
  • lacrimal groove
  • posterior lacrimal crest
  • dacryon
  • anterior ethmoidal foramen
  • posterior ethmoidal foramen
• lateral wall
  • superior orbital fissure
  • inferior orbital fissure
• base of the orbit
  • supraorbital notch or supraorbital foramen
• apex of orbit

[edit] the interior of the skull (Gray's s47)

[edit] Gray's page #189

• Inner Surface of the Skull-cap

[edit] Gray's page #190

• Skull: upper surface of base of:
• Skull: fossa of:

• Anterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii anterior)
  • Frontoethmoidal suture
  • Sphenoethmoidal suture
  • sphenofrontal suture
  • frontal crest
  • foramen cecum
  • crista galli
  • olfactory groove
  • anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina
  • ethmoidal spine

• Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media)
  • squamosal suture
  • sphenoparietal suture
  • sphenosquamosal suture
  • sphenopetrosal suture

[edit] Gray's page #191

• Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media)
  • carotid groove

[edit] Gray's page #192

• Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media)
  • lingula
  • superior orbital fissure
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen Vesalii
  • foramen spinosum
  • foramen lacerum
  • hiatus of the facial canal

• Posterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii posterior)
  • occipitomastoid suture
  • parietomastoid suture
  • foramen magnum

[edit] Gray's page #193

• Posterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii posterior)
  • petro-occipital fissure
  • jugular foramen
  • internal acoustic meatus
  • inferior occipital fossæ
  • internal occipital crest
  • transverse sinuses
  • mastoid foramen
  • condyloid canal

[edit] Gray's page #194

• Nasal cavity (cavum nasi; nasal fossa)
  • roof of nasal cavity
  • floor of nasal cavity
  • medial wall (septum nasi)

[edit] Gray's page #195

• Nasal cavity (cavum nasi; nasal fossa)
  • lateral wall
    • superior meatus
    • sphenopalatine foramen
    • posterior ethmoidal cells
    • sphenoethmoidal recess
    • middle meatus
    • hiatus semilunaris
    • bulla ethmoidalis
    • infundibulum
    • frontonasal duct
    • ostium maxillare
    • inferior meatus

[edit] Gray's page #196

• Anterior nasal aperture
  • choanæ
• Fontanelles
  • anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle)
  • posterior fontanelle
  • lateral fontanelles

[edit] Gray's page #197

• Skull: sexual differences in:
• Craniology

[edit] Gray's page #198

• The Points in the Median plane
• The Points on Either Side of the Median plane

[edit] Gray's page #199

• Cleft palate
• Endognathion
• Mesognathion

[edit] the extremities (Gray's s48)

[edit] the bones of the upper extremity

[edit] the clavicle (Gray's s49)

[edit] Gray's page #200

• (Ossa Extremitatis Superioris) & (Clavicula; Collar bone)
• clavicle
• coracoid tuberosity (conoid tubercle)
• oblique or trapezoid ridge

[edit] Gray's page #202

• costal tuberosity (rhomboid impression)
• subclavian groove
• Sternal extremity (extremitas sternalis; internal extremity)
• Acromial extremity (extremitas acromialis; outer extremity)

[edit] the scapula/Shoulder blade (Gray's s50)

[edit] Gray's page #202

• Surfaces
  • subscapular fossa

[edit] Gray's page #203

• Surfaces
  • subscapular angle
  • supraspinatous fossa
  • infraspinatous fossa
• Spine of scapula (spina scapulæ)
  • crest of the spine
  • great scapular notch
• Acromion

[edit] Gray's page #204

• Borders
  • superior border
    • scapular notch

[edit] Gray's page #205

• Borders
  • axillary border
  • infraglenoid tuberosity

[edit] Gray's page #206

• Borders
  • vertebral border
• Angles
  • medial angle
  • inferior angle

[edit] Gray's page #207

• Angles
  • lateral angle
    • glenoid cavity
    • glenoidal labrum
    • supraglenoid tuberosity
• Coracoid process (processus coracoideus)

[edit] Gray's page #208

• Ossification of scapula

[edit] the humerus (Gray's s51)

[edit] Gray's page #209

• Upper extremity of humerus
  • head of humerus (caput humeri)
  • surgical neck
  • Anatomical neck (collum anatomicum)
  • Greater tubercle (tuberculum majus; greater tuberosity)
  • Lesser tubercle (tuberculum minus; lesser tuberosity)
  • intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)
  • crests of the greater and lesser tubercles (bicipital ridges)
• body of humerus or shaft of humerus (corpus humeri)

[edit] Gray's page #211

• body of humerus or shaft of humerus (corpus humeri)
  • radial sulcus (musculospiral groove)
  • lateral supracondylar ridge
  • crest of the lesser tubercle
  • medial supracondylar ridge
  • deltoid tuberosity
  • radial sulcus

[edit] Gray's page #212

• Lower extremity of humerus
  • articular surface
  • capitulum of the humerus
  • radial fossa
  • trochlea
  • coronoid fossa
  • olecranon fossa
  • supratrochlear foramen
  • lateral epicondyle
  • medial epicondyle

[edit] Gray's page #213

• Ossification of humerus

[edit] the ulna (Gray's s52)

[edit] Gray's page #214

• Upper extremity of ulna (proximal extremity of ulna)
  • Olecranon (olecranon process)
  • Coronoid process (processus coronoideus)
  • tuberosity of the ulna
  • radial notch

[edit] Gray's page #215

• Upper extremity of ulna (proximal extremity of ulna)
  • Semilunar notch (incisura semilunaris; greater sigmoid cavity)
  • Radial notch (incisura radialis; lesser sigmoid cavity)
• Body of ulna or Shaft of ulna (corpus ulnæ)

[edit] Gray's page #218

• Body of ulna or Shaft of ulna (corpus ulnæ)
  • perpendicular line
  • medial surface (facies medialis; internal surface)
• Lower extremity (distal extremity)
  • head of ulna
  • styloid process

[edit] Gray's page #219

• ossification of ulna

[edit] the radius (Gray's s53)

[edit] Gray's page #219

• Upper extremity of radius (proximal extremity)
  • head of radius
  • neck of radius
  • radial tuberosity
• Body of radius or Shaft of radius (corpus radii)
  • oblique line of the radius

[edit] Gray's page #220

• Lower extremity of radius
  • ulnar notch of the radius (sigmoid cavity)
  • styloid process
• Ossification of radius

[edit] the hand

[edit] the carpus (Gray's s54)

[edit] Gray's page #221

• Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
  • Navicular bone (os naviculare manus; scaphoid bone)

[edit] Gray's page #224

• Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
  • Lunate bone (os lunatum; semilunar bone)
  • Triangular bone (os triquetum; cuneiform bone)

[edit] Gray's page #225

• Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
  • Pisiform bone (os pisiforme)
• Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
  • Greater multangular bone (os multangulum majus; trapezium)
  • Lesser multangular bone (os multangulum minus; trapezoid bone)

[edit] Gray's page #226

• Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
  • Capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum)

[edit] Gray's page #227

• Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
  • Hamate bone (os hamatum; unciform bone)
    • Hamulus of hamate bone

[edit] the metacarpus (Gray's s55)

[edit] Gray's page #227

• metacarpus

[edit] Gray's page #228

• Metacarpal bones (Ossa metacarpalia I-V )
  • First metacarpal bone
  • Second metacarpal bone
  • Third metacarpal bone
  • Fourth metacarpal bone
  • Fifth metacarpal bone

[edit] the phalanges of the hand (Gray's s56)

[edit] Gray's page #230

• phalanges (Phalanges digitorum manus)
• body
• proximal extremities
• distal extremities
• ungual phalanges
• Articulations

[edit] the bones of the lower extremity

[edit] the hip bone (Gray's s57)

[edit] Gray's page #231

• Ossa Extremitatis Inferioris & Os Coxæ; Innominate bone
• hip bone
• acetabulum
• obturator foramen

[edit] Ilium

[edit] Gray's page #231

• Ilium (os ilii)
• arcuate line
• Body of ilium (corpus oss. ilii)

[edit] Gray's page #232

• Ala (ala oss. ilii)
  • External surface
    • dorsum ilii
    • posterior gluteal line (superior curved line)

[edit] Gray's page #233

• Ala (ala oss. ilii)
  • External surface
    • anterior gluteal line (middle curved line)
    • inferior gluteal line (inferior curved line)

[edit] Gray's page #234

• Ala (ala oss. ilii)
  • Internal surface of the ala
    • iliac fossa
    • arcuate line
    • anterior surface (auricular surface)
    • iliac tuberosity
    • preauricular sulcus
  • Crest of the ilium
  • Anterior border of the ala
    • anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine
    • anterior inferior iliac spine
    • iliopectineal eminence
  • Posterior border of the ala
    • posterior superior iliac spine
    • posterior inferior iliac spine
    • greater sciatic notch

[edit] Ischium

• Ischium (os ischii)
• body of ischium (corpus ossis ischii)

[edit] Gray's page #235

• body of ischium (corpus ossis ischii)
  • posterior obturator tubercle
  • ischial spine
  • greater sciatic notch
  • lesser sciatic notch
• Superior ramus (ramus superior ossis ischii; descending ramus)
  • tuberosity of the ischium
• Inferior ramus (ramus inferior ossis ischii; ascending ramus)

[edit] Pubis

[edit] Gray's page #236

• Pubis (os pubis)
• Body of pubis (corpus oss. pubis)
• Superior ramus (ramus superior oss. pubis; ascending ramus)
  • Medial portion of superior ramus
    • pubic tubercle (pubic spine)
    • subcutaneous inguinal ring (external abdominal ring)
    • inguinal ligament (Poupart's ligament)
    • inguinal falx (conjoined tendon of Obliquus internus and Transversus)
    • lacunar ligament (Gimbernat's ligament)
    • reflected inguinal ligament (triangular fascia)
    • pubic crest
  • Lateral portion of superior ramus
    • iliopectineal eminence
    • obturator crest

[edit] Gray's page #237

• Inferior ramus (ramus inferior oss. pubis; descending ramus)
• Acetabulum (cotyloid cavity)
  • glenoidal labrum (cotyloid ligament)
  • acetabular notch
  • acetabular fossa
  • lunate surface
• Obturator foramen (foramen obturatum; thyroid foramen)
  • obturator groove
  • posterior obturator tubercle
  • anterior obturator tubercle

[edit] the pelvis (Gray's s58)

[edit] Gray's page #238

• bones comprising pelvis
  • left and right hip bones
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
• linea terminalis (pelvic brim)
• Greater pelvis or False pelvis (pelvis major)

[edit] Gray's page #239

• Lesser pelvis or True pelvis (pelvis minor)
  • Superior circumference
    • superior aperture or inlet
    • anteroposterior or conjugate diameter
    • transverse diameter
    • oblique diameter

[edit] Gray's page #240

• Lesser pelvis or True pelvis (pelvis minor)
  • Lower circumference
    • inferior aperture or outlet
    • pubic arch
    • sciatic notches
    • antero-posterior diameter
    • transverse diameter

[edit] Gray's page #241

• Pelvis: male and female, differences between:

[edit] the femur (Gray's s59)

[edit] Gray's page #242

• Femur (Thigh bone)

[edit] Gray's page #243

• Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
  • Head of femur (caput femoris)
  • fovea capitis femoris
  • Neck of femur (collum femoris)

[edit] Gray's page #244

• Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
  • Trochanters
  • Greater trochanter (trochanter major; great trochanter)
    • trochanteric fossa (digital fossa)

[edit] Gray's page #245

• Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
  • Lesser trochanter (trochanter minor; small trochanter)
  • tubercle of the femur
  • intertrochanteric line (spiral line of the femur)

[edit] Gray's page #246

• Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
  • intertrochanteric crest
  • linea quadrata
• Body of femur or Shaft of femur (corpus femoris)
  • linea aspera
  • gluteal tuberosity
  • third trochanter
  • pectineal line
  • popliteal surface
  • adductor tubercle
  • medial lip
  • lateral lip

[edit] Gray's page #247

• Lower extremity of femur (distal extremity)
  • condyles
  • patellar surface
  • intercondyloid fossa
  • lateral condyle
  • medial condyle
  • intercondyloid line
  • medial epicondyle
  • lateral epicondyle

[edit] Gray's page #248

• Lower extremity of femur (distal extremity)
  • articular surface
  • patellar surface
  • tibial surfaces

[edit] Gray's page #255

• Ossification of femur

[edit] the patella (Gray's s60)

[edit] Gray's page #255

• Patella (Knee cap)

[edit] the tibia (Gray's s61)

[edit] Gray's page #256

• Tibia (Shin bone)
• Upper extremity of tibia (proximal extremity)
  • medial condyle and lateral condyle
  • superior articular surface
  • intercondyloid eminence (spine of tibia)
  • anterior surfaces
  • tuberosity of the tibia
  • posterior intercondyloid fossa

[edit] Gray's page #257

• Body of tibia or Shaft of tibia (corpus tibiæ)
  • interosseous crest or lateral border

[edit] Gray's page #258

• Body of tibia or Shaft of tibia (corpus tibiæ)
  • popliteal line

[edit] Gray's page #259

• Body of tibia or Shaft of tibia (corpus tibiæ)
  • nutrient foramen
• Lower extremity of tibia
  • medial malleolus
  • inferior articular surface

[edit] Gray's page #260

• Lower extremity of tibia
  • malleolar sulcus
• Ossification of tibia

[edit] the fibula (Gray's s62)

[edit] Gray's page #260

• Fibula (Calf bone)
• Upper extremity or Head of fibula (capitulum fibulœ; proximal extremity)
  • apex (styloid process)
• Body of fibula or shaft of fibula (corpus fibulæ)
  • antero-lateral border
  • antero-medial border, or interosseous crest

[edit] Gray's page #261

• Body of fibula or shaft of fibula (corpus fibulæ)
  • postero-lateral border
  • postero-medial border (oblique line)

[edit] Gray's page #262

• Lower extremity or Lateral malleolus (malleolus lateralis; distal extremity; external malleolus)
  • malleolar sulcus

[edit] the foot

[edit] the tarsus (Gray's s63)

[edit] Gray's page #263

• Tarsal bones (Ossa tarsi)
• Calcaneus (Os calcis)
  • Calcaneal sulcus

[edit] Gray's page #266

• Calcaneus (Os calcis)
  • Calcaneal tuberosity
  • Sustentaculum tali
  • Trochlear process of calcaneus
• Talus (Astragalus, Ankle bone)

[edit] Gray's page #267

• Talus (Astragalus, Ankle bone)
  • Corpus tali
  • sulcus tali
  • sinus tarsi

[edit] Gray's page #269

• Talus (Astragalus, Ankle bone)
  • Os trigonum
  • Collum tali
  • Caput tali
• Cuboid bone (Os cuboideum)
  • Tuberosity of cuboid

[edit] Gray's page #270

• Navicular bone of tarsus (Os naviculare pedis)
  • Tuberosity of navicular bone
• Cuneiform bones
  • First cuneiform bone (Os cuneiforme primum)

[edit] Gray's page #271

• Cuneiform bones
  • Second cuneiform bone (Os cuneiforme secundum)
  • Third cuneiform bone (Os cuneiforme tertium)

[edit] the metatarsus (Gray's s64)

[edit] Gray's page #272

• Metatarsus
• Metatarsal bones (Ossa metatarsalia)
• First metatarsal bone

[edit] Gray's page #273

• Second metatarsal bone

[edit] Gray's page #274

• Third metatarsal bone
• Fourth metatarsal bone
• Fifth metatarsal bone
  • Tuberosity: of fifth metatarsal bone

[edit] the phalanges of the foot (Gray's s65)

[edit] Gray's page #275

• phalanges of the foot (Phalanges Digitorum Pedis)
• ungual phalanges

[edit] comparison of the bones of the hand and foot (Gray's s66)

[edit] Gray's page #276

• Comparison of bones of hand and foot

[edit] the sesamoid bones (Gray's s67)

[edit] Gray's page #277

• Sesamoid bones (Ossa sesamoidea )

[edit] See also

• List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy

v • d • e Bones (Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton) (TA A02, GA 2) VERTEBRAL COLUMN vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) · sacrum · coccyx THORAX sternum · rib cranial bones of SKULL occipital · parietal · frontal · temporal  · sphenoid · ethmoid facial bones of SKULL nasal · maxilla · lacrimal · zygomatic · palatine · inferior nasal conchae · vomer · mandible · THROAT: hyoid (greater cornu, lesser cornu, body) UPPER EXTREMITY SHOULDER GIRDLE:clavicle · scapula · ARM: humerus · ulna · radius- HAND:carpals (scaphoid · lunate bone · triquetral · pisiform · trapezium · trapezoid · capitate · hamate) · metacarpals · phalanges (prox, int, dist) LOWER EXTREMITY PELVIS:pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis) · LEG: femur · patella · fibula · tibia · FOOT: tarsals (calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiform, cuboid ) · metatarsals · phalanges (prox, int, dist) MIDDLE EAR OSSICLES malleus · incus · stapes

v • d • e Ossification (GA 2.80) Upper limb Ossification of humerus · Ossification of ulna · Ossification of radius Lower limb Ossification of tibia Head cranium: Ossification of occipital bone · Ossification of frontal bone · Ossification of temporal bone · Ossification of the sphenoid · Ossification of ethmoid facial bones: Ossification of maxilla · Ossification of the mandible Other Ossification of scapula bone and cartilage navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous signs, proc

v • d • e Musculoskeletal system · connective tissue: bone and cartilage (TA A02.0 · GA 2.86-95) Cartilage perichondrium · fibrocartilage callus · metaphysis cells (chondroblast · chondrocyte) types (hyaline · elastic · fibrous) Bone Ossification intramembranous · endochondral Cycle osteoblast · osteoid · osteocyte · osteoclast Types cancellous · cortical Regions subchondral bone · epiphysis · epiphyseal plate/metaphysis · diaphysis · Condyle · Epicondyle Structure osteon / Haversian system · Haversian canals · Volkmann's canals · connective tissue (endosteum · periosteum) · Sharpey's fibres · enthesis · lacunae · canaliculi · trabeculae · medullary cavity · bone marrow Shapes long · short · flat · irregular · sesamoid bone and cartilage navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous signs, proc

v • d • e Bones of torso (TA A02.2,3, GA 2.96-128) Sternum Suprasternal notch, Manubrium, Sternal angle, Body of sternum, Xiphisternal joint, Xiphoid process Rib specific ribs (1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, true – 1–7, false – 8–12, floating – 11–12) · parts (Angle, Tubercle, Costal groove, Neck, Head) Superior thoracic aperture · Inferior thoracic aperture · Intercostal space · Thoracic wall/Thoracic cage Vertebra General structures body of vertebra, vertebral arch (pedicle, lamina, vertebral notch), foramina (vertebral, intervertebral), processes (transverse, articular/zygapophysis, spinous), spinal canal Cervical vertebrae C1 (anterior arch, posterior arch, lateral mass), C2 (dens), C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 anterior tubercle, posterior tubercle, foramen transversarium Thoracic vertebrae T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12 costal facets (superior, inferior, transverse) Lumbar vertebrae accessory process, mammillary process, L5 Sacrum pelvic surface (anterior sacral foramina), dorsal surface (posterior sacral foramina, median sacral crest, medial sacral crest, lateral sacral crest), lateral surface (sacral tuberosity), base, sacral hiatus · presacral space · sacral promontory · sacral canal  · ala of sacrum · sacrovertebral angle Coccyx

v • d • e Bones of head and neck: the neurocranium of the skull (TA A02.1.01-07, GA 2.129-155) Occipital Squama external (Inion/External occipital protuberance, Nuchal lines) · planes (Occipital, Nuchal) · internal (Cruciform eminence, Internal occipital protuberance, Sagittal sulcus, Internal occipital crest) Lateral parts Condyle (Condyloid fossa, Condylar canal) · Hypoglossal canal · jugular (Jugular process, Jugular tubercle) Basilar part Pharyngeal tubercle Other Foramen magnum (Basion, Opisthion) Parietal Parietal eminence · Temporal line · Parietal foramen Frontal Squama Frontal suture · Frontal eminence · external (Superciliary arches, Glabella) · foramina (Supraorbital, Cecum) · Zygomatic process · internal (Sagittal sulcus, Frontal crest) Orbital part Ethmoidal notch · Lacrimal fossa · Trochlear fovea · Frontal sinus · Frontonasal duct Temporal Squama Articular tubercle · Suprameatal triangle · Mandibular fossa · Petrotympanic fissure · Zygomatic process Mastoid part Mastoid foramen · Mastoid process (Mastoid cells) · Mastoid notch · Occipital groove · Sigmoid sulcus · Mastoid antrum (Aditus) Petrous part Carotid canal · Facial canal (Hiatus) · Internal auditory meatus · Cochlear aqueduct · Stylomastoid foramen fossae (Subarcuate fossa, Jugular fossa) · canaliculi (Inferior tympanic, Mastoid) · Styloid process · Petrosquamous suture (note: ossicles in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone) Tympanic part Suprameatal spine Sphenoid Surfaces Superior surface: Sella turcica (Dorsum sellae, Tuberculum sellae, Hypophysial fossa, Posterior clinoid processes) · Ethmoidal spine · Chiasmatic groove · Middle clinoid process · Petrosal process · Clivus Lateral surface: Carotid groove · Sphenoidal lingula Anterior surface: Sphenoidal sinuses Great wings foramina (Rotundum, Ovale, Vesalii, Spinosum) · Spine · Infratemporal crest · Sulcus for auditory tube Small wings Superior orbital fissure · Anterior clinoid process · Optic canal Pterygoid processes fossae (Pterygoid, Scaphoid) · pterygoid plates (Lateral, Medial) · Pterygoid canal · Hamulus Other Body · Sphenoidal conchae Ethmoid Plates Cribriform plate (Crista galli, Olfactory foramina) · Perpendicular plate Surfaces Lateral surface Orbital lamina · Uncinate process Medial surface Superior nasal concha · Superior meatus · Middle nasal concha · Middle meatus Labyrinth Ethmoid sinus · ethmoidal foramina (Posterior, Anterior)

v • d • e Bones of head and neck: the facial skeleton of the skull (TA A02.1.08-15, GA 2.156-177) Maxilla Surfaces Anterior: fossae (Incisive fossa, Canine fossa) · Infraorbital foramen · Anterior nasal spine Infratemporal: Alveolar canals · Maxillary tuberosity Orbital: Infraorbital groove · Infraorbital canal Nasal: Pterygopalatine canal Processes Zygomatic process Frontal process (Agger nasi, Anterior lacrimal crest) Alveolar process Palatine process (Incisive foramen, Incisive canals, Foramina of Scarpa, Incisive bone, Anterior nasal spine) Other Body of maxilla · Maxillary sinus Zygomatic Orbital process (Zygomatico-orbital) · Temporal process (Zygomaticotemporal) · Lateral process (Zygomaticofacial) Palatine Fossae Pterygopalatine fossa · Pterygoid fossa Plates Horizontal plate (Posterior nasal spine) · Perpendicular plate (Pterygopalatine canal, Sphenopalatine foramen, Pyramidal process) Processes Orbital · Sphenoidal Mandible Body external surface (Symphysis menti, Mental protuberance, Mental foramen, Mandibular incisive canal) · internal surface (Mental spine, Mylohyoid line, Sublingual fovea, Submandibular fovea) · Alveolar part of mandible Ramus Mylohyoid groove (Mandibular canal, Lingula) · Mandibular foramen · Angle Coronoid process · Mandibular notch · Condyloid process · Pterygoid fovea Minor/ nose Nasal bone: Internasal suture · Nasal foramina Inferior nasal concha: Ethmoidal process · Maxillary process Vomer: Wing Lacrimal: Posterior lacrimal crest · Lacrimal groove · Lacrimal hamulus

v • d • e Bones of head and neck: compound structures of skull (TA A02.1.00.002-052, GA 2.178-199) Neurocranium Calvaria (Diploë) Asterion · Pterion · Stephanion · Bregma · Lambda Fossae: anterior cranial fossa · middle cranial fossa · posterior cranial fossa · cranial cavity Base of skull Fontanelles: anterior · posterior · sphenoidal · mastoid Facial skeleton Nasion · Gonion Both dacryon · zygomatic arch · temporal fossa · infratemporal fossa · pterygomaxillary fissure · pterygopalatine fossa Orbit: Foramina (inferior orbital fissure)

v • d • e Bones of head and neck: Foramina of the skull (and canals, fissures, meati, and hiati) (TA A02.1.00.053-097, GA 2.178-199) Anterior cranial fossa to Orbit: ethmoidal foramina (anterior, posterior) to Nasal cavity: olfactory foramina (CN-I) · foramen cecum Middle cranial fossa to Orbit: optic canal (CN-II) · superior orbital fissure (CN-III,IV,V1,VI) to Pterygopalatine fossa: foramen rotundum (CN-V2) · pterygoid canal to Infratemporal fossa: foramen ovale (CN-V3) · foramen spinosum/carotid canal other: foramen lacerum · hiatus for greater petrosal nerve · hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve · sphenoidal emissary foramen Posterior cranial fossa internal auditory meatus/facial canal/stylomastoid foramen (CN-VII,VIII) · jugular foramen (CN-IX,X,XI) · foramen magnum (CN-XI) · hypoglossal canal (CN-XII) · condylar canal · mastoid foramen Orbit to Nasal cavity: nasolacrimal canal to Face: supraorbital (notch, foramen) · infraorbital (foramen, groove) · zygomatic foramen (-facial, -temporal) to Pterygopalatine fossa: inferior orbital fissure Pterygopalatine fossa to Nasal cavity: sphenopalatine foramen to Oral cavity: greater palatine canal/greater palatine foramen · lesser palatine canals/lesser palatine foramina to Infratemporal fossa: pterygomaxillary fissure to Nasopharynx: palatovaginal canal Nasal cavity to Oral cavity: incisive canals · incisive foramen Other external acoustic meatus · mandibular foramen · mental foramen · parietal foramen · petrotympanic fissure · semilunar hiatus

v • d • e Bones of head and neck, joints: cranial fibrous joints (A03.1.01-03, GA 2.178-199) Cranial sutures Cranial: frontoethmoidal · frontal or metopic (frontal/frontal) · coronal (frontal/parietal) · occipitomastoid (occipital/temporal) · lambdoid (parietal/temporal) · sagittal (parietal/parietal) · sphenoethmoidal · sphenofrontal · sphenoparietal · sphenosquamosal (sphenoid/temporal) · sphenopetrosal (sphenoid/temporal) · squamosal (temporal/parietal) · petrosquamous (temporal/temporal) Facial: palatomaxillary suture Cranial–facial: sphenozygomatic · zygomaticotemporal · zygomaticofrontal Cranial syndesmoses Pterygospinous ligament · Stylohyoid ligament Dento-alveolar syndesmosis Gomphosis

v • d • e Bones of upper limbs (TA A02.4, GA 2.200-230) Pectoral girdle, clavicle conoid tubercle · trapezoid line · costal tuberosity · subclavian groove Scapula fossae (subscapular, supraspinatous, infraspinatous) · suprascapular notch · glenoid cavity tubercles (infraglenoid, supraglenoid) · spine of scapula · acromion · coracoid process borders (superior, lateral/axillary, medial/vertebral) · angles (superior, inferior, lateral) Humerus upper extremity: necks (anatomical, surgical) · tubercles (greater, lesser) · intertubercular sulcus body: radial sulcus · deltoid tuberosity lower extremity: capitulum · trochlea · epicondyles (lateral, medial) · supracondylar ridges (lateral, medial) · fossae (radial, coronoid, olecranon) Forearm radius: upper extremity (head, tuberosity) · body · lower extremity (ulnar notch, styloid process) ulna: upper extremity (tuberosity, olecranon, coronoid process, radial notch, trochlear notch) · body · lower extremity (head, styloid process) Hand carpus: scaphoid · lunate · triquetral · pisiform · trapezium · trapezoid · capitate · hamate (hamulus) metacarpus: 1st metacarpal · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th phalanges of the hand: proximal · intermediate · distal

v • d • e Bones of pelvis / pelvic cavity (TA A02.5.01-03, GA 2.231-241) General sacrum · coccyx · hip bone Ilium body arcuate line wing gluteal lines (posterior, anterior, inferior) iliac spines (anterior superior, anterior inferior, posterior superior, posterior inferior) other: crest · tuberosity · tubercle · fossa Ischium body ischial spine · lesser sciatic notch superior ramus tuberosity of the ischium inferior ramus no substructures Pubis body pubic crest superior ramus pubic tubercle · obturator crest inferior ramus pectineal line Compound acetabulum (acetabular notch) · iliopubic eminence / iliopectineal line · linea terminalis · ischiopubic ramus / pubic arch obturator foramen · greater sciatic foramen / greater sciatic notch · lesser sciatic foramen lesser pelvis (pelvic inlet, pelvic brim, pelvic outlet) · greater pelvis

v • d • e Bones of lower limbs (TA A02.5.04-18, GA 2.242-277) Femur upper extremity head (fovea) · neck · greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) · lesser trochanter · intertrochanteric line · intertrochanteric crest · quadrate tubercle body linea aspera · gluteal tuberosity / third trochanter · pectineal line lower extremity adductor tubercle · patellar surface · epicondyles (lateral, medial) · condyles (lateral, medial) · intercondylar fossa Crus Tibia upper extremity Gerdy's tubercle · condyles (lateral, medial) · intercondylar eminence (lateral/medial intercondylar tubercle) · posterior/anterior intercondylar area body tuberosity · soleal line lower extremity medial malleolus · fibular notch Fibula head · body · lateral malleolus Other patella (apex of patella) Foot Tarsus calcaneus (sustentaculum tali, trochlear process) · talus (body, neck, head) · navicular · cuboid · cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral) Metatarsus 1st metatarsal · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th Other phalanges of the foot