2004 state leaders - Events of 2005 - 2006 state leaders - State leaders by year
[edit] Africa [edit] Europe [edit] Middle East [edit] North America and the Caribbean [edit] Oceania [edit] South America [edit] References - ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The position of the Chairman was declared to be the "highest office of state" by the constitution that came into effect on September 5, 1998.
- ^ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992, which was recognized by Russia and Nicaragua in 2008.
- ^ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Previously president of North Yemen from 1978 to 1990.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
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