State leaders in 1878 - Events of 1879 - State leaders in 1880 - State leaders by year

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Contents 1 Africa 2 Asia 3 Europe 4 Middle East and North Africa 5 North America and the Caribbean 6 Oceania 7 South America

[edit] Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy - Mensa Bonsu Kumaa, Asantehene (1874-1883)
• Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852-1908)
• Dahomey - Glele, King of Dahomey (1856-1889)
• Ethiopia - Yohannes IV, Emperor of Ethiopia (1871-1889)
• Liberia - Anthony William Gerdner, President of Liberia (1878-1883)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Mu'adh bin Bello, Sokoto Caliph (1877-1881)
  • Grand Vizier - Abdullah bin Muhammad Fodiye, Sokoto Grand Vizier (c.1874-1886)
• Zanzibar - Barghash ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Zanzibar (1870-1888)
• Zulu - Cetshwayo kaMpande, King of the Zulu (1872-1884)

[edit] Asia

• Afghanistan -

1. Shir Ali Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1868-1879)
2. Mohammad Ya`qub Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1879)
3. Mohammad Jan, minister regent (1879)

• • Ghazni
    1. Declared independence on 24 December
    2. Musa Jan Khan, Emir of Ghazni (1879-1880)
• Burma - Thibaw Min, King of Burma (1878-1885)
• Cambodia - Norodom, King of Cambodia (1860-1904)
• Champasak - Kham Suk, King of Champasak (1863-1900)
• China (Qing Dynasty) - Guangxu, Emperor of China (1875-1908)
• Indian Subcontinent, current day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh - Victoria, Empress of India (1876-1901)
• Japan - Monarch - Meiji Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1867-1912)
  • Okinawa Domain - Shō Tai, King of Ryūkyū (1848-11 March 1879)
  • (Becomes fully annexed into Japan as Okinawa Prefecture; monarchy ended.)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Gojong, King of Joseon (1864-1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Luang Phrabang - Unkham, King of Luang Phrabang (1868-1895)
• Nepal - Surendra Bikram Shah Deva, King of Nepal (1847-1881)
• Oman - Turki bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1871-1888)
• Siam - Chulalongkorn (Rama V), King of Siam (1868-1910)
• Vietnam - Tu Duc, Emperor of Vietnam (1847-1883)

[edit] Europe

• Andorra - Patrice Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta (President of France) and Josep Caixal i Estradé (Bishop of Urgel), co-Princes (1873-1879 and 1853-1879)
• Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848-1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria -
  1. Prince Adolf Wilhelm Daniel von Auersperg, Minister-President of Austria (1871-1879)
  2. Count Eduard von Taaffe, Minister-President of Austria (1879-1893)
  • Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza, Minister-President of Hungary (1875-1890)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865-1909)
  • Cabinet Chief - H.-J.-W. Frère-Orban, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1868-1870, 1878-1884)
• Bulgaria - Alexander I Joseph, King of Bulgaria (1879-1886)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863-1906)
  • Prime Minister - Jakob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup, Prime Minister of Denmark (1875-1894)
• France -
  • President -
    1. Patrice Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta, President of France (1873-1879)
    2. Jules Grévy, President of France (1879-1887)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jules Dufaure, President of the Council (1877-1879)
    2. William Henry Waddington, President of the Council (1879)
    3. Charles de Freycinet, President of the Council (1879-1880)
• Germany -
  • Monarch - Wilhelm I, German Emperor (1871-1888)
  • Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany (1871-1890)
  • see List of German rulers in 1879
• Greece -
  • Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863-1913)
  • Prime Minister - Alexandros Koumoundouros, Prime Minister of Greece (1878-1880)
• Holy See - Pope Leo XIII, Pope (1878-1903)
• Italy
  • Monarch - Umberto I, King of Italy (1878-1900)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Agostino Depretis, Prime Minister of Italy (1878-1879)
    2. Benedetto Cairoli, Prime Minister of Italy (1879-1881)
• Liechtenstein - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1858-1929)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
  • Prime Minister - Félix de Blochausen, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1874-1885)
• Monaco - Charles III, Prince of Monaco (1856-1889)
• Montenegro - Nicholas I, Prince of Montenegro (1860-1910/1918/1921)
• Netherlands -
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jan Kappeyne van de Coppello, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1877-1879)
    2. Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1879-1883)
• Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Oscar II, King of Norway (1872-1905)
• Portugal - Luis I, King of Portugal (1861-1889)
• Romania - Carol I, Prince of Romania (1866-1881/1914)
• Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855-1881)
• San Marino - Camillo Bonelli and Pietro Berti, Captains Regent (1878-1879)
• Serbia - Milan II, Prince of Serbia (1868-1882/1889)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Alfonso XII of Spain, King of Spain (1875-1885)
    1. Antonio Cánovas Del Castillo, Prime Minister of Spain (1874-1875, 1875-1879, 1879-1881, 1884-1885, 1890-1892, 1895-1897)
    2. Arsenio Martínez-Campos Antón, Prime Minister of Spain (1879)
    3. Antonio Cánovas Del Castillo, Prime Minister of Spain (1874-1875, 1875-1879, 1879-1881, 1884-1885, 1890-1892, 1895-1897)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
  • Monarch - Oscar II, King of Sweden (1872-1907)
  • Prime Minister - Louis Gerhard De Geer, Prime Minister of Sweden (1876-1880)
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837-1901)
  • Prime Minister - Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1868, 1874-1880)

[edit] Middle East and North Africa

• Abu Dhabi - Zaid ibn Khalifa, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855-1909)
• Egypt -
  • Monarch -
    1. Ismail, Khedive of Egypt (1867-1879)
    2. Tawfiq, Khedive of Egypt (1879-1892)
• Morocco - Hassan I, Sultan of Morocco (1873-1894)
• Oman - Turki ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Oman (1871-1888)
• Ottoman Empire
  • Monarch - Abd-ul-Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876-1909)
  • Chief Minister -
    1. Tunuslu Hayreddin Pasha, Chief Minister of the Ottoman Empire (1878-1879)
    2. Arifi Pasha, Chief Minister of the Ottoman Empire (1879)
    3. Küçük Mehmed Said Pasha, Chief Minister of the Ottoman Empire (1879-1882)
• Persia - Nasir ed-Din, Shah of Persia (1848-1896)
• Tunis - Muhammad as-Sadiq, Bey of Tunis (1859-1882)

[edit] North America and the Caribbean

• Canada -
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Canada (1837-1901)
  • Governor General - Marquess of Lorne, Governor-General of Canada (1878-1883)
  • Prime Minister - John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada (1867-1891)
• Costa Rica - Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez, President of Costa Rica (1877–1882)
• Dominican Republic - Council of Secretaries of State (1878-1879)
• El Salvador - Rafael Zaldívar, President of El Salvador (1876-1885)
• Guatemala - Justo Rufino Barrios, President of Guatemala (1873-1885)
• Haiti -
  1. Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal, President of Haiti (1876-1879)
• Honduras - Marco Aurelio Soto, President of Honduras (1876-1883)
• Mexico - Porfirio Diaz, President of Mexico (1876-1880)
• Nicaragua -
  1. Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, President of Nicaragua (1875-1879)
  2.  ???
• United States - Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States (1877-1881)

[edit] Oceania

• Hawaii - Kalākaua, King of Hawaiʻi (1874-1891)
• Niue - Tui-toga, King of Niue (1875-1887)
• Samoa - Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860-1880)
• Tahiti -
  1. Pomare IV, Queen of Tahiti (1827-1877)
  2. Pomare V, King of Tahiti (1877-1880)
• Tonga -
  • Monarch - George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1845-1893)
  • Prime Minister - Tevita 'Unga, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1876 – 1880)

[edit] South America

• Argentina - Nicolás Avellaneda, President of Argentina (1874-1880)
• Bolivia - Hilarión Daza, Provisional President of Bolivia (1876-1879)
• Brazil - Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (1831-1889)
• Chile - Aníbal Pinto, President of Chile (1876-1881)
• Colombia - Julián Trujillo Largacha, President of Colombia (1878-1880)
• Ecuador - Ignacio de Veintemilla, Supreme Chief of Ecuador (1876-1878/1883)
• Paraguay - Cándido Bareiro, President of Paraguay (1878-1880)
• Peru -
  1. Mariano Ignacio Prado, President of Peru (1876-1879)
  2.  ???
• Uruguay -
  1. Lorenzo Latorre, President of Uruguay (1876-1879)
  2. Francisco Antonino Vidal, President of Uruguay (1879)
  3. Lorenzo Latorre, President of Uruguay (1879-1880)
• Venezuela - Jacinto Gutiérrez Martínez, acting President of Venezuela (1878-1879)