The following is a list of sports team names and mascots derived from indigenous peoples, including generically used terms, those named after specific peoples, and words or iconography derived from indigenous languages or traditions. Also see, List of ethnic sports team and mascot names which includes both names derived from peoples indigenous to the area where a sports team is based, as well as names derived from peoples not indigenous to the teams home. There is considerable controversy over these team names and mascots because various American Indians activist groups view them as disrespectful and offensive. Most notably, the National Congress of American Indians has issued a resolution opposing continued usage of Native team names, mascots, and logos. Various tribal entities have also issued resolutions opposing usage, as well. According to a 2002 Sports Illustrated article (Price, S.L. "The Indian Wars", March 4, 2002, pp 66-72), 83% of American Indian respondents to a Sports Illustrated poll said that professional teams should not stop using Indian nicknames, mascots, or symbols. Scholars have challenged the Sports Illustrated findings on multiple grounds. King, et al. (2002) argue (1) the SI poll is problematic because it serves to distract readers from the history and implications of mascots. (2) The survey features problematic sampling and identification issues produce non-representative and un-generalizable findings (for example, Snipp (1992) writes of the difficulty involved in any quantitative research on American Indians in national polling). (3) SI decontextualizes mascots and the controversy about them. (4) The article discussing the poll concludes that mascots are unproblematic merely because a majority of polled Native people say they are, thus discounting the validity of a critical minority. Finally, (5) the consequences for public debate and social justice are ignored by the poll, which treats the issue as critically as SI treats sports injuries or debate over which teams will make the playoffs. [edit] Team names [edit] Baseball [edit] Ice Hockey [edit] Lacrosse [edit] Schools Alcorn State Braves Waite High School Indians Toledo,Ohio [edit] Defunct names - Adams State Indians, now the "Grizzlies"
- Akron Indians, defunct National Football League team, formerly the "Pros"
- Arkansas State Indians, now the "Red Wolves"
- Tri-Cities Blackhawks, of what is now the NBA, moved and renamed Milwaukee / St. Louis / Atlanta "Hawks," after the bird
- Burlington Indians, now known as the Burlington Royals after affiliating with the Kansas City Royals
- Canton/Akron Indians, a minor league baseball farm team for the Cleveland Indians, moved to Akron and became the "Aeros"
- Carlisle Indians, a school for American Indians that was a college football power in the early 1900s
- Carthage Redmen, reverted to the "Red Men"
- Cleveland Indians of the National Football League, team defunct
- Cumberland Indians, now the Cumberlands "Patriots"
- This school was known as Cumberland College until 2005, when it became the University of the Cumberlands. The nickname change came earlier.
- Dartmouth Indians, disused since the 1970s in favor of continuing existing nickname, "Big Green"
- Dickinson State Savages, renamed the "Blue Hawks" in 1972
- Eastern Michigan Hurons, now the "Eagles"
- Eastern Washington Savages, renamed the "Eagles" in 1973
- Flint Indians, team defunct
- Flint Central High School Indians, renamed "Phoenix" in 2005
- Grand Forks Central Redskins, renamed the "Knights"
- Grafton Blackhawks, renamed to "Black Hawks"
- Hartwick Warriors, became the "Hawks" in 1994
- Hermosillo Seris
- IUP Indians (Indiana University of Pennsylvania) became the "Crimson Hawks" in 2007
- Kansas City Scouts of the NHL, moved to Colorado and became the Rockies, now the New Jersey Devils
- Louisiana-Monroe Indians, now the "Warhawks"
- Marquette Warriors, became the "Golden Eagles" in 1994
- UMass Redmen, became the "Minutemen" in 1972 (according to the University, "Redmen" and "Redwomen" referred to the uniforms worn by the athletics teams. It was changed to "Minutemen" and "Minutewomen" out of sensitivity to American Indians).
- MCLA Mohawks, today the "Trailblazers"
- McMurry Indians, removed their team nickname entirely in 2006
- Mexico City Aztecas
- Miami Redskins, in mid-1997, officially changed their names to the "RedHawks"
- Midwestern State Indians, latterly the "Mustangs" as of the 2006 season
- Monticello High School Redmen, in Monticello, Minnesota, now "Magic"
- Nebraska Wesleyan Plainsmen, today the "Prairie Wolves"
- Oklahoma City U. Chiefs, now the "Stars"
- Oorang Indians, an early NFL entry actually comprised mostly of Native Americans
- Parsippany High School Redskins, Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, now the "Redhawks"
- Poynette High School Indians, Poynette, Wisconsin, became the "Pumas" in 2009 [1]
- Quinnipiac Braves, became the "Bobcats" in 2002
- St. Bonaventure Brown Indians and Brown Squaws, renamed the "Bonnies" in 1979
- St. John's University (New York), formerly the "Redmen", became the "Red Storm" in 1995, to be gender-neutral and to avoid any appearance of racism. The school's website indicates that the name did not refer to American Indians, but to the school color, a bright cardinal red.
- Salisbury Indians, team defunct
- Sauk Rapids-Rice High School Indians, in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, now "Storm"
- Simpson Redmen and Lady Reds, renamed the "Storm" in 1992
- Southeast Missouri State Indians and Otahkians, renamed the "Redhawks"
- Southeastern Oklahoma State Savages, renamed "Savage Storm" in 2006
- Springfield Indians, moved to Worcester and became the IceCats, then Peoria, Illinois, where they are now the Rivermen
- Seattle U. Chieftains, now the "Redhawks"
- Southern Nazarene Redskins, now the "Crimson Storm"
- Springfield College Chiefs, now the "Pride"
- St. Catharines Black Hawks
- St. Catharines Teepees
- Stanford Indians, now known as the Stanford "Cardinal" (singular - for the school color, a shade of red)
- Stonehill Chieftains, today the "Skyhawks"
- Syracuse Orangemen, now the Syracuse Orange, once used a mascot called the "Saltine Warrior"
- Tamalpais Indians, became the Tamalpais High School "Red Tailed Hawks" [sic] after 1990. [2]
- Toronto Tecumseh (OALA Sr A), was the "Tecumseh" in the late 19th century and maybe early 20th; changed to "Toronto Young Torontos" by 1911
[edit] Mascots [edit] Defunct mascots - Indiana State University's Chief Ouabache and Indian Princess were dropped in 1989
- The Golden State Warriors' "Indian warrior" logo was replaced in 1971
- Marquette University's "Willie Wampum," retired in 1971
- Syracuse University's "Saltine Warrior"
- Kansas City Chiefs horse mascot "Warpaint".
- Chief Brave Spirit, University of Louisiana at Monroe, retired in 2006 (mascot changed from "Indians" to "Warhawks")
- Chief Moccanooga, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (use of this mascot ended in 1996)
- Chief Noc-A-Homa, Milwaukee and Atlanta Braves (use of this mascot ended in early 1980s, existed as late as 1983 season)
- Princess Win-A-Lotta, paired with Chief Noc-A-Homa, introduced late 1970s, dropped at same time as Noc-A-Homa
- Chief Illiniwek, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
[edit] Fictional Teams [edit] "Chief" nickname It is also common practice to use the nickname "Chief" for indigenous sportsmen. Some notable examples include:
However, use of the "Chief" nickname is not necessarily limited to indigenous sportsmen.
Kansas City mayor (1952-1960) H. Roe Bartle began his career as a Professional Boy Scout Executive, whereupon he founded an honor camping society (Mic-O-Say) for the Boy Scouts in the St Joseph, MO and Kansas City, MO Boy Scout Councils. As founder of Mic-O-Say and "Chief" (Lone Bear,as he was known in Mic-O-Say circles), Bartle was instrumental in bringing the AFL Dallas Texans to Kansas City, MO in 1963. The transplanted AFL franchise was renamed the "Chiefs" in his honor. Basketball Hall of Famer Robert Parish, an African American, was nicknamed "The Chief", after Chief Bromden, a Native American character in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and its film adaptation. The character pretended to be deaf and mute. Parish was originally given the nickname by Boston Celtics teammate Cedric Maxwell because of his stoic nature. [edit] References King, C. Richard, Ellen J. Staurowsky, Lawrence Baca, Laurel R. Davis, and Cornel Pewewardy 2002. Of Polls and Prejudice: Sports Illustrated’s Errant ‘Indian Wars’. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 26 (4), November: 381-402. [edit] See also [edit] External links |
