The world of academia—that is, scholars and students in a research and learning community associated with higher education typically are defined by a rather rigid set of ranks for professors and other instructors. Those listed below refer specifically to colleges and universities, although other institutions may follow a similar schema.
[edit] Argentina (National Universities)
[edit] Academic ranks
[edit] Ordinary professorships
- Profesor Titular Plenario the only tenured faculty position
- Profesor Titular
- Profesor Asociado
- Profesor Adjunto
[edit] Other professorships
- Profesor Emérito a retired faculty member who demonstrated excellency in both teaching and researching
- Profesor Consulto also a retired faculty member who provides assistance in specific knowledge areas
- Profesor Honorario an honorary mostly ceremonial position
[edit] Temporary professorships
- Profesor Invitado (without compensation)
- Profesor Contratado (with compensation)
[edit] Teaching auxiliaries or assistants
- Jefe de Trabajos Prácticos, Ayudante de Primera
- Ayudante Diplomado
- Ayudante de Segunda or Ayudante Alumno (normally for undergraduate students)
[edit] Administrative Ranks
Rector and a Consejo Superior, are both elected by the Asamblea Universitaria, composed of professors, graduates (includes alumni, teaching auxiliaries and all other academic or research staff who do not qualify to vote as professors or undergraduate students) and undergraduate students elected by direct secret and compulsory vote.
The Consejo Superior designates several Secretarios to assist the Rector, and chooses one of its members to be the Vicerrector (the deputy to the Rector). Each faculty, school or college is headed by a Decano, designated by the Consejo Directivo or Consejo Académico, composed also by professors, graduates and undergraduate students. It also picks several Secretarios to assist the Dean on the daily business and the Vicedecano (deputy to the Dean).
Departments are chaired by a Director, which is assisted by Secretarios and a Director Adjunto (deputy to the Director). They have a Junta Departamental, the collegiate body which governs the department.
[edit] Australia and New Zealand
[edit] Academic ranks
- Professor - Level E appointments, equivalent to Chair Professor in certain area in the North American universities.
- Associate Professor and/or Reader - Level D appointments, equivalent to Professor in North American universities.
- Senior Lecturer - Level C appointments, equivalent to Associate Professor in North American universities.
- Lecturer - Level B appointments, equivalent to Assistant Professor in North American universities (Most universities now require applicants for Lecturer positions with PhD degree).
- Associate or Assistant Lecturer, Senior Tutor, Tutor, Research Officer - Level A appointments.
Please note that, unlike the USA, the Australian public services or government organisations also employ a large number of academics or researchers. Different organisations have their own established title systems (eg, principal scientist, senior officer etc). However, it is the level rather than the title determines the equivalent academic rank. With CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific & Industry Research Organisation) and most state governments, Level 4, equivalent to Postdoctoral Fellow or Associate Lecturer; Level 5, equivalent to Lecturer or Research Scientist; Level 6, equivalent to Senior Lecturer or Senior Scientist; Level 7, equivalent to Associate Professor; Level 8, equivalent to Professor; Level 9, Chief. The Western Australian state government introduced a specified calling system in 2008. Within this system, SC-Level 1, equivalent to Postdoctoral Fellow or Associate Lecturer; SC-Level 2, equivalent to Lecturer or Research Scientist; SC-Level 3, equivalent to Senior Lecturer or Senior Scientist; SC-Level 4, equivalent to Associate Professor; SC-Level 5, equivalent to Professor; SC-Level 6, Chief.
[edit] Administrative ranks
- Visitor (titular)
- Chancellor (titular)
- Deputy Chancellor / Pro-Chancellor (titular)
- Vice-Chancellor
- Provost
- Deputy Vice-Chancellor
- Pro-Vice-Chancellor
- Registrar
- Dean (Normally full Professor)
- Deputy Dean; Associate Dean (Normally Professor or Associate Professor)
- Head of School (Normally Professor or Associate Professor)
- Program Director (Normally Senior Lecturer)
[edit] Belgium
The ranks may differ between the Flemish Community and the French Community, as education is a community matter in Belgium.
- Gewoon hoogleraar (Ordinary Professor)
- Hoogleraar (Professor)
- Hoofddocent (Senior Lecturer)
- Docent (Lecturer)
- Doctor-assistant (postdoc research assistant)
- Assistent (research assistant)
- Rector
- Vice-Rector
- Decaan (dean, i.e. head of a faculty)
[edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina
Academic ranks
- Demonstrator (grade VII/1 or VII/2, attending BSc/BSc)
- Asistent (grade VII/1 or VII/2, BSc/MSc)
- Visi Asistent (grade VII/1 or VII/2, MSc)
- Docent (grade VIII,PhD-Reader)
- Vanredni profesor (Associate Professor)
- Redovni profesor (Full professor)
Administrative ranks
- Rektor/Rector
- Dekan fakulteta/Dean of the faculty
- Sef katedre/Head of department
[edit] Brazil
At the University of Sao Paulo the academic rank system is:
- Professor Titular (MS-6): equivalent to a "full professor" in the US
- Professor Associado (MS-5): must hold a Livre Docente title (equivalent to a German Habilitation)
- Professor Doutor (MS-3): must hold a doctorate; equivalent to an "assistant professor" in the US
- Professor Assistante (MS-2): must hold a master's or equivalent degree
- Auxiliar de Ensino (MS-1): only a bachelor's degree is required
In the Federal Universities the academic ranks receive other names:(In portuguese)
- Professor Titular
- Professor Associado, levels A, B and C (or I, II, III)
- Professor Adjunto, levels A, B, C and D (or I, II, III, IV)
- Professor Assistante, levels A, B, C and D (or I, II, III, IV)
- Professor Auxiliar, levels A, B, C and D (or I, II, III, IV)
More information: (In portuguese)
[edit] Canada
[edit] Academic ranks
Titles for regular faculty (and faculty with special or temporary appointments):
- Distinguished Professor or University Professor (Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University Professor Emeritus)
- Professor or Full Professor (Research Professor, Visiting Professor, Adjunct Professor, Professor Emeritus)
- Associate Professor (Research Associate Professor, Visiting Associate Professor, Adjunct Associate Professor)
- Assistant Professor (Research Assistant Professor, Adjunct Assistant Professor)
- Lecturer or Instructor (Sessional Lecturer or Sessional Instructor)
Traditionally, Assistant Professor is the entry-level rank for tenured members of faculty.
Titles for non-faculty teaching and research personnel:
Academic administrators:
- Dean (often also Full Professors)
- Associate Dean (often also Full Professors)
- Directors of Administrative Departments
- Associate/Assistant Directors of Administrative Departments
- Chairs of Academic Departments (usually Full Professors)
- Graduate Coordinators
- Undergraduate Coordinators
[edit] China, People's Republic of
Most universities in the People's Republic of China adopt a four-level academic rank system, i.e. professor, associate professor, lecturer, and teaching assistant. The American title of assistant professor does not exist. Most PhD graduates will be appointed at the lecturer level initially and be promoted to associate professorship after two years of teaching. However, people holding a doctorate from Western universities and with some working experience overseas will normally be appointed at a higher level, sometimes at the full professor level directly.
[edit] Academic ranks
Principal faculty ranks in the mainland of PR China are:
Academic trainee ranks in the mainland of PR China are:
Academic title awards for certain purposes:
- Honorary Professor (in Chinese: 名誉教授, usually for people with great academic or social contribution)
- Guest Professor (in Chinese: 客座教授, usually for famous scholars of other schools)
- Distinguished Professor (in Chinese: 特聘教授, usually for people with great achievement in certain field)
[edit] Administrative ranks
- President (in Chinese: 校長)
- Vice-President (in Chinese: 副校長)
- Registrar (in Chinese: 教務長) and Secretary of the party committee (in Chinese: 黨委書記)
- Dean (in Chinese: 院長)
- Deputy Dean or Associate Dean (in Chinese: 副院長) of schools and faculties
- Associate Secretary of the party committee (in Chinese: 黨委副書記)
- Director (in Chinese: 所長/主任) of academic centre and Director (in Chinese: 系主任) of academic departments
[edit] Cyprus
[edit] Academic ranks
[edit] Czech Republic
[edit] Administrative
- Rektor (Rector), head of the University
- Prorektor (Vice-Rector), typically 3 to 5 people are vice-rectors; the position is usually further specified by indicating domain a vice-rector is responsible for (e. g. research, communication, study-related issues)
- Kvestor (Registrar, Bursar), a "manager" of the University
- Děkan (Dean), head of a faculty
- Proděkan (Vice-Dean)
- Ředitel (Director), head of a sub-unit at a faculty (e.g. institute, research center)
- Vedoucí katedry (Department leader), sometimes at the same level as director
[edit] Academic
- Professor (Professor), both degree and position. Professors are appointed by the Czech president after a successful accomplishement of řízení o udělení profesury (process of awarding a professorship). One of the requirements is an already accomplished docent degree.
- Docent (Associate Professor), both degree and position. The degree is awarded by the rector after a certain amount of years of teaching and after a successful accomplishment of habilitace (a process concluded by a defense of a reviewed research manuscript and a public lecture).
- Odborný assistant (lecturer / researcher), this title covers positions from lecturers to researchers. Requirements for Assistant lecturers / researchers vary, usually a Ph.D. is required.
- Assistant (assistant lecturer), at least Master degree is required.
[edit] Denmark
Administrative positions:
- Rektor (Rector)
- Dekan (Dean), head of a faculty (human sciences, natural sciences etc.)
- Institutleder (Department manager), head of a department (computer science, mathematics etc.)
Academic positions:
- Professor
- Lektor (Associate professor), time traditionally divided as 50-40-10 between teaching, research, and administration
- Adjunkt (Assistant Professor), usually almost the same teaching/research/administration division as lektor, although sometomes a little more time for research
- Post-doc, generally a research position, but with the possibility of teaching
- Ekstern Lektor Part time teaching at university. Does not normally require a research degree (PhD or equivalent)
- MOEED (معيد), or Teaching Assistant.
- MODARESS MOSAED (مدرس مساعد), Senior Teaching Assistant (with Master’s degree)
- MODARESS (مدرس), equivalent to Assistant Professor in American Universities (with PhD)
- OSTAZ MOSAED (أستاذ مساعد), equivalent to Associate Professor.
- OSTAZ (أستاذ), equivalent to Professor (usually after minimum of five years serving as OSTAZ MOSAED)
[edit] Finland
There are a specific number of posts, which can be applied to when they are vacated or established. A Professor, for example, is a leader of a laboratory or a group.
- Kansleri Chancellor (only in the Universities of Helsinki, Tampere, Turku and in Åbo Akademi).
- Rehtori (Rector)
- Vararehtori (Vice Rector)
- Dekaani (Dean), osastonjohtaja (Head of Faculty)
- Professori (Professor). Formerly divided into three classes:
-
- Vakinainen Professori (Professor Ordinary). Class combined with the ylimääräinen professori by the end of 1970s
- Ylimääräinen professori (Professor Extraordinary)
- Apulaisprofessori (Associate Professor). All positions changed into professorships in 1998.
- Lehtori or yliopistonlehtori (Lecturer), teaching-oriented faculty position requiring a PhD.
- Dosentti (Adjunct Professor), is not necessarily permanently associated with the university but holds the right to teach (Latin: venia docendi), similarly to German Privatdozent and Swedish docent.
- Yliassistentti (Senior Assistant, Assistant Professor), post-doc or senior Ph. D student position), laboratorioinsinööri (Laboratory Engineer) a formally administrative position, the holders of which often conduct research and teach, however.
- Assistantti (Assistant) and tutkija (Research Associate, Research Scientist) are Ph.D. student positions
- Tutkimusapulainen (Research Assistant) is an undergrad or Master's student position
- Ylioppilas (Student)
[edit] France
National Universities
- Professeur des Universités (i.e. tenure track professor)
- Maître de Conférences or Maître Assistant
- Professeur agrégé (only teaching in college and university).
Grandes Écoles
- Instructor (vacataire or chargés d'enseignements)
- Adjunct professor (professeur affilié)
- Assistant professor (professeur assistant(e))
- Associate professor (professeur associé)
- Full professor (professeur)
[edit] Germany
[edit] Academic ranks
[edit] Appointment Grades
- Professor ("Ordinarius" W3)
- Professor ("Extraordinarius" W2)
- Hochschuldozent (W2, only in Baden-Württemberg)
- Juniorprofessor (W1)
- Juniordozent (W1, only in Baden-Württemberg)
- Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter, Akademischer Rat auf Zeit (TVöD, A13)
- Akademischer Mitarbeiter (TVöD only in Baden-Württemberg)
- Wissenschaftliche Hilfskraft (TdL)
- Studentische Hilfskraft (TdL)
[edit] Non-Appointment Grades
The title Privatdozent (Priv.-Doz. or PD) is used to denote those who have obtained a habilitation, but who have not formally been appointed as Professor. The latter abbreviation of Privatdozent must not be confused with the Ph.D..
The title Außerplanmäßiger Professor (apl. Prof.) can be conferred, in some German States, to a Privatdozent, who has been in service for several years, without formally being appointed as Professor.
[edit] Administrative ranks
- Rektor, Präsident - Rector or President, highest representitive of the University or Polytechnic, elected
- Prorektor, Vizepräsident, Prorector or Vice President, elected
- Kanzler - Chancellor, administrative head, often a permanent job
- Dekan - Dean, elected
- Institutsdirektor - Head of department, elected
[edit] Greece
[edit] Academic ranks
- Professor Emeritus
- Professor
- Associate Professor
- Assistant Professor
- Lecturer
- Adjunct Lecturer or Adjunct Assistant Professor (a temporary employee with a short-term contract, usually for one semester, usually holder of a Ph.D. as described in the Greek Presidential Decree 407/1980. Adjunct Lecturers are sometimes called simply as "407", after the number of the Decree)
- Teaching Assistant (This rank was abolished in 1982, but people holding it remain Teaching Assistants until retirement.)
The prefix of Professor is only assumed by Professors and Professors Emeriti, not by Associate, or Assistant Professors.
[edit] Administrative ranks
- Rector
- Vice-Rector
- Secretary General
- Dean
- Deputy Dean
- Chairman of the Department
- Deputy Chairman of the Department
- Director of the Section
The holders of administrative ranks must be Professors or Associate Professors. The only exception is Secretary General, who is not a faculty member.
[edit] Hong Kong
[edit] Academic ranks
In the past, Hong Kong followed the British system (4 levels). In recent years it is moving towards the North American counterpart, with the titles renamed to their corresponding equivalence (professor, associate professor, and assistant professor). Institutions established in the 1980s and 1990s almost entirely follows the North American system, while older ones, notably the The University of Hong Kong is in the process of transition. [1] Depending on institutions, the title of "Professor" is assumed by chair professors and professors, or assistant professors and above.
[edit] Administrative ranks
[edit] Hungary
[edit] Academic ranks
[edit] At Universities
Egyetemi tanár (university professor, always with a special habilitation, and usually with a DSc.);
Egyetemi docens (reader (UK)/associate professor (US),always with Ph.D.);
Adjunktus (senior lecturer (UK)/assistant professor(US), usually with PhD.);
Tanársegéd (graduate teaching assistant (UK)/ instructor (US), generally without PhD.)
[edit] At College level ('főiskola')
Főiskolai tanár (collage professor, always with a Ph.D., and usually with a special habilitation)
Főiskolai docens (collage reader (UK)/ collage associate professor (US), usually with Ph.D.)
Adjunktus (senior lecturer (UK)/assistant professor(US), sometimes without a Ph.D.)
Tanársegéd (graduate teaching assistant (UK)/instructor (US), generally without Ph.D.).
[edit] Indonesia
[edit] Academic ranks
There are 9 ranks, in total, which can be categorized to 4 main levels.
Level 1: Asisten Ahli (= Teaching Assistant) Level 2: Lektor (= Assistant Professor) Level 3: Lektor Kepala (= Associate Professor) Level 4: Professor (= Professor)
Level 1: Asisten Ahli 1. Asisten Ahli - Rate 100 2. Asisten Ahli - Rate 150
Level 2: Lektor 1. Lektor - Rate 200 1. Lektor - Rate 300
Level 3: Lektor Kepala 1. Lektor Kepala - Rate 400 2. Lektor Kepala - Rate 550 3. Lektor Kepala - Rate 700
Level 4: Professor 1. Professor - Rate 850 2. Professor - Rate 1050
[edit] Academic ranks
- Ostad-e Momtaz (Distinguished Professor)
- Ostad (Professor)
- Daneshyar (Associate Professor)
- Ostadyar (Assistant Professor)
- Morabbi (Instructor)
[edit] Emeritus ranks
[edit] Administrative ranks
Holders of Master and PH.D. degree can be:
- Professor
- Assistant Professor
- Lecturer
- Assistant Lecturer
[edit] Israel
- Professor (Full Professor)
- Associate Professor
- Senior Lecturer
- Lecturer
[edit] Academic ranks
Faculty (all these positions are tenured or tenure-track):
-
- Professore Emerito (Full Professor after retirement age whose high importance in academic field has been credited by the Faculty Council: a Professore Emerito can work at a university for life, including after retirement age; however, he has no teaching duties)
- Professore Ordinario (Full Professor)
- Professore Straordinario (a professor taking his three years of testing before being confirmed as Full Professor)
- Professore Associato (Associate Professor)
- Ricercatore confermato (Assistant Professor or Researcher)
- Ricercatore non confermato (Assistant Professor or Researcher with no tenure; a researcher taking his three years of testing before being confirmed as Researcher)
- Assistente (The former second level of permanent positions before Ricercatore replaced it in the early 1980s. No positions of Assistente were created since then, but existing personnel kept the title)
Non-faculty and temporary:
-
- Professore a contratto (Professor with a temporary appointment for a given course or lecture series)
- Professore incaricato (Temporary Professor, as above)
- Assegnista di Ricerca (Research fellow with a temporary position, usually holding a Ph.D. title)
- Dottorando di Ricerca (Ph.D. student)
[edit] Administrative ranks
- Rettore (Rector)
- Prorettore (Vice-Rector)
- Preside (Dean of Faculty)
- Presidente di Consiglio di Corso di Laurea (Head of a Bachelor/Msc curriculum on a given topic)
- Direttore di Dipartimento (Head of Department)
Japanese research universities typically have similar positions as the North American system. Principal faculty ranks are:
- Professor, kyōju (教授?)
- Associate Professor, junkyōju (准教授?)
- Assistant Professor, Lecturer,kohshi (講師?)
- Assistant Professor, Research Associate, jokyō (助教?)
[edit] Macau SAR
At the University of Macau there are four levels of faculty rank, namely
At the Macau Polytechnic Institute there are three levels
- professor (professor coordenador)
- associate professor (professor adjuncto)
- lecturer (assistante)
[edit] Republic of Macedonia
- Brucosh, Бруцош-(First Grade Student)
- Student, Студент-(Regular Student)
- Apsolvent, Апсолвент-(Last Year Student)
- Young Assistant, Помлад Асистент-(B.Sc.)
- Assistant, Асистент-(M.Sc.)
- Docent-(Ph.D.)
- Vonreden Professor, Вонреден Професор-(associate professor)
- Professor, Професор-(Full Time Professor)
- Academic, Академик-(Research Arch Professor)
[edit] Malaysia
Staff ranking in Malaysian public universities are based on the British system as a legacy of the British colonising the country. There are only slight variations among the universities but the general ranking is as follows
Academic positions (in descending hierarchy)
- Profesor DiRaja (Royal Professor, usually retired professors, title bestowed by King)
- Profesor Emeritus (usually retired professors)
- Senior Professor (a newly introduced rank mainly to denote salary and hierarchical difference)
- Professor
- Associate Professor
- Senior Lecturer
- Lecturer/Tutor/Assistant Lecturer
- Instructor (with pre-degree qualifications)
Administrative (in descending hierarchy)
- Chancellor (Federal/State Ruler)
- Pro Chancellor (non-executive)
- Vice Chancellor
- Deputy Vice Chancellor
- Assistants Vice Chancellor
- Deans of Faculties
- Head of Programme
[edit] Mexico
The model for the classification of academic positions is the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Academic positions (in ascending hierarchy)
- Assistant Professor
- Subject Professor
- Full Time Professor
- Research Professor
- Professor Emeritus
The last classification in only given to those academics that have a prominent career and has at least 25 years of service
[edit] Netherlands
The Dutch system is comparable to the U.S. system, although Ph.D candidates are usually employed by the university. However, some call for a general introduction of Ph.D student tracks, where students are given a scholarship instead of being paid wages.
Faculty Positions
- Universiteitshoogleraar (a distinguished full professor)
- Hoogleraar 1 (a senior full professor, leading a large department or university institute)
- Hoogleraar 2 (a junior full professor, leading a research group)
- Universitair Hoofddocent (an associate professor)
- Universitair Docent (an assistant Professor)
- Onderzoeker / Postdoc (a senior research fellow; postdoctoral fellow)
- Junior Onderzoeker / Assistent in Opleiding / Promovendus (a junior researcher; Ph.D candidate employed by the university)
- Docent (Lecturer, teaching staff usually not holding a Ph.D)
- Student Assistent (Research or Teaching Assistant, (under)graduate student employed by university for research or teaching activities)
Administrative position
- Rector Magnificus (Head of research and education of a university)
- Decaan (dean; head of research and education of a faculty/school)
- Department Chair
Only full professors (including extraordinary professors) are allowed to carry the abbreviation 'prof.'. Although unlikely, it is possible for someone to become Rector Magnificus or Dean without being a full professor. In such cases, usually an honorary 'prof.'-title is granted for the duration of the office, however without the prerogatives usually attached to a full professorship.
[edit] New Zealand
see under Australia and New Zealand (above)
[edit] Norway
Elected faculty positions:
- Rektor (Rector; one per university; usually assisted by prorektor and sometimes viserektor)
- Dekan or dekanus (males)/dekana (females) (Dean; one per faculty), sometimes assisted by a prodekan)
Professorial ranks:
- Professor (full professor)
- Professor emeritus/emerita (retired professor; unofficial title conferred to all former full professors, regardless of how they are currently employed)
- Professor II (Part-time professor; professors II are often full professors in another institution than the one in which they are professor II, or employed in other positions, for instance as a consultant at a university hospital)
Postdoctoral ranks:
- Dosent (Reader; abolished at universities in 1985 (when all docents became full professors), today mostly used in professional colleges)
- Førsteamanuensis (associate professor)
- Førstelektor (senior lecturer)
- Postdoktor (senior research fellow; postdoctoral fellow)
Postgraduate ranks:
- Amanuensis (assistant professor; rarely used in universities, somewhat more common in professional colleges)
- Universitetslektor (university lecturer; lecturers in professional colleges are called høgskolelektor)
- Stipendiat (research fellow)
- Vitenskapelig assistent (research assistant; usually a graduate student)
[edit] Poland
[edit] Academic Posts
Academic ranks in Poland are divided into two separate tracks:
[edit] Research-and-teaching staff (higher rank)
- (pl asystent) - research-and-teaching assistant / research-and-teaching fellow (hold master degree)
- (pl adiunkt) - assistant professor (hold PhD)
- (pl docent) - associate professor (hold PhD or post-doc degree), (a new position since 2007, optional and only in some universities, usually in research institutes and medical colleges)
- (pl profesor nadzwyczjany) - associate professor (hold post-doc degree, according to German nomenctarure sometimes called "professor extraordinarius"
- (pl profesor zwyczajny) - professor, sometimes called "professor ordinarius"
and also for a special purpose:
- (pl profesor wizytujący)- visiting professor
- (pl profesor emerytowany)- professor emeritus
[NOTE: Please be careful, because "profesor" in Poland is a "scientific title" (degree like PhD) as well as the academic post, so there are a lot of troubles with the translation.]
[edit] Teaching staff: (lower rank)
- (pl instruktor) - instructor (sport)
- (pl lektor) - instructor, foreign language teacher
- (pl wykładowca) - lecturer
- (pl starszy wykładowca) - senior lecturer
[edit] Elected or Nominated Posts
Elected faculty positions:
- Rector (Rektor) - the principal head of the university (one per university); usually assisted by several deputy rectors (pl prorektor)
- Dean (Dziekan); the principal head of the Facuklty (one per faculty), usually assisted by several deputy deans (pl prodziekan);
- Head (Template:Kierownik) - the head of the Institute/Department/Chair (one per organizational unit)
[edit] Portugal
[edit] Academic Ranks
Both Professor Associado and Professor Auxiliar can have 'Agregação', an additional degree in their rank. Agregação is based on CV evaluation and a public lecture, in which the professor is evaluated and the title obtained.
[edit] Romania
[edit] Administrative ranks
- Rector ("Rector"; one per university; usually assisted by a "Prorector")
- Dean ("Decan"; one per faculty; assisted by a "Prodecan")
- Head of Department ("Şef de Catedră"; one per Department)
[edit] Research-and-teaching staff (higher rank)
- professor ("profesor")
- associate professor ("conferenţiar")
- assistant professor ("lector" or "şef de lucrări")
and also for a special purpose:
- visiting professor ("profesor vizitator")
- professor emeritus ("profesor emerit" or "profesor consultant")
[edit] Teaching staff (lower rank)
- teaching assistant ("asistent")
- junior teaching assistant ("preparator")
[edit] Russia
Administrative positions:
On a par with Rector, some universities has President Position, but it’s usually honored position.
Academic department heads and chairs serve the same function, and there may also be associate and assistant department heads or chairs (though this is unusual). The term "Department Head" usually indicates the administrator is elected to the post by the faculty of the department, while the term "Department Chair" usually means the person is appointed by the dean without election by the faculty.
Academic positions:
- Dean
- Chair (head) of a department
- Professor (Full Professor), usually Doctor of Sc.
- Associate Professor (dozent, доцент), usually Cand. of Sc.
- Lecturer - time divided equally between research and teaching (it can be both Professor or Dozent)
- Senior instructor (sometimes "Lecturer")
- Instructor (sometimes "Lecturer")
- Assistant Professor (usually first academic level after Cand. of Sc. dissertation defence)
- Research Assistant (research technicians, lab managers, and related personnel are generally regarded as administrative staff rather than faculty).
[edit] South Africa
[edit] Academic ranks
[edit] Administrative ranks
In Afrikaans-speaking universities the terms Rector and Vice-Rector are common, whereas English-speaking universities tend to favour the terms Principal and Vice-Principal. The use of Deputy Vice-Chancellor seems to be phasing out Pro-Vice-Chancellor.
[edit] Academic ranks
- Tenured:
- Civil servants:
-
- Catedrático de Universidad (Full Professor)
- Profesor Titular de Universidad (Professor)
- Catedrático de Escuela Universitaria (to be phased out)
- Profesor Titular de Escuela Universitaria (does not have to hold a PhD) (to be phased out)
-
- Non-civil servants:
-
- Profesor Contratado Doctor (must hold a PhD) (Associate Professor)
- Profesor de Universidad Privada (must hold a PhD)
- Profesor Colaborador (does not have to hold a PhD) (to be phased out)
- Non-tenure:
-
- Other positions:
- Teaching positions
-
- Research positions
-
[edit] Administrative ranks
- Universidad (University)
-
- Facultades (Faculty) o Centros
-
- Decano (Dean) or Director
- Vicedecanos (Vice-Deans) or Subdirectores
- Secretario del Centro
- Institutos de Investigación (Research Institutes)
-
- Director de Instituto
- Secretario de Instituto
- Departamentos (Departaments)
-
- Director de Departamento
- Secretario de Departamento
[edit] Sri Lanka
[edit] Academic ranks
[edit] Administrative ranks
[edit] Sweden
[edit] Academic ranks
- Professor
- Tillförordnad professor / Adjungerad professor / Gästprofessor
- Docent
- Lektor
- Forskningsingenjör / PostDoc / Forskare / Forskarassistent
- Adjunkt
[edit] Administrative ranks
- Rektor
- Prorektor
- Vice-rektor
- Dekan, Dekanus
- Prefekt
[edit] Serbia
Academic ranks
- Asistent (grade VII/1 or VII/2, BSc/MSc)
- Docent (grade VIII,PhD-Reader)
- Vanredni profesor (Associate Professor)
- Profesor (Full professor)
Administrative ranks
- Rektor/Rector
- Dekan fakulteta/Dean of the faculty
- Sef katedre/Head of department
[edit] Switzerland
[edit] German-language universities of Switzerland
[edit] French-language universities of Switzerland
- Professeur ordinaire (full professor)
- Professeur extraordinaire
- Professeur invité
- Professeur associé (associate professor)
- Professeur assistant (assistant professor)
- Maître-Assistant (Assistant professor or Senior lecturer)
- Assistant (Lecturer, usually a graduate student)
- Moniteur (Undergraduate student)
[edit] Taiwan
[edit] Academic ranks
- Professor Emeritus
- Professor
- Associate Professor
- Assistant Professor (Assistant Professor and above are mainly for people who hold a PhD degree. Some are promoted to this rank by distinctive industrial performance.)
- Lecturer
[edit] Thailand
[edit] Academic ranks
- Professor Emeritus
- Professor ("Named Chair")
- Professor ("Full Professor")
- Associate Professor
- Assistant Professor
- Lecturer
There are also Clinical Professor, Adjunct Professor and Adjunct Lecturer positions.
[edit] Administrative ranks
- President or Rector
- Dean or Director
- Department Head
[edit] Turkey
[edit] Academic ranks
- Ordinaryüs Profesör
- Profesör
- Doçent, equivalent to Associate Professor
- Yardımcı Doçent, equivalent to Assistant Professor
- Öğretim Görevlisi, equivalent to Lecturer
- Okutman, equivalent to Instructor
- Araştırma Görevlisi, equivalent to Research Assistant
[edit] Administrative ranks
- Rektör, Rector or President (Professors)
- Rektör Yardımcısı, Vice-Rector or Vice-President (Professors)
- Fakulte Dekanı, Dean of the Faculty (Professors)
- Dekan Yardımcısı, Vice-Dean or Associate Dean (often also Professors)
- Bölüm Başkanı, Head of Department (often also Professors)
- Ana Bilim Dalı Başkanı, Chair of Academic Programs (often also Professors)
[edit] United Kingdom
[edit] Academic ranks
[edit] Teaching, Research and Scholarship Career Pathway
[edit] Pre-/Non-career Grade
[edit] Research Career Pathway
[edit] Pre-/Non-career Grade
[edit] Emeritus ranks
- Professor : Emeritus Professor
- Reader : Emeritus Reader
- Senior Lecturer : Senior Fellow
- Lecturer : Fellow
[edit] Administrative ranks
There are two systems of administrative ranks - one for England, Wales and Northern Ireland and one for Scotland.
[edit] England, Wales and Northern Ireland
[edit] Scotland
[edit] United States
[edit] Academic ranks
Tenure-track or tenured faculty pursue both teaching as well as research. The amount of each depends on the primary focus at that University. They have the following ranks: -
- University Professor or Institute Professor (not all universities)
- Distinguished Professor (usually a "Named Chair")
- Professor ("Named Chair")
- Professor ("Full Professor")
- Associate Professor (usually tenured)
- Assistant Professor (usually not tenured)
- Instructor (sometimes "Lecturer")
- Postdoctoral Fellows
- Postdoctoral Associates / Scholars
- Research Associates
- Teaching Assistant (sometimes "Teaching Fellow")
[edit] Administrative ranks
[edit] Officers of the corporation
- President or Chancellor
- Provost (sometimes called 'Chancellor', or 'President' or 'Warden')
- Associate Provost (rare)
- Assistant Provost (assists the Provost, as do any associates; not superior to vice presidents)
- Vice-Chancellors or Vice Presidents (of Academic Affairs, Student Affairs, Finance, etc.)
- Associate Vice-Chancellor or Associate Vice President
- Assistant Vice-Chancellor or Assistant Vice President
[edit] Academic administrators
- Deans (often also Full Professors)
- Associate Deans (often also Full Professors)
- Assistant Deans
- Directors of Administrative Departments
- Associate/Assistant Directors of Administrative Departments
- Chairs or Heads of Academic Departments
[edit] Venezuela
[edit] Academic ranks
- Titular Professor
- Associated Professor
- Aggregate Professor
- Assistant Professor
- Instructor
-
- Retired Professor
- contracted Professor (no academic rank)
[edit] Administrative ranks (Public National)
- University Council
- Rector
- University Secretary
- Academic Vicerector
- Administrative Vicerector
- Dean (Decan) (One per Faculty)
- Faculty Council
- Principal (One per School)
- School Council
- Chief of Departament
- Chief of Chair (Cátedra)
[edit] References
