This list of Subsaharan folk music traditions cites styles, dances, instruments and other related topics of indigenous peoples. The term folk music and tradition in this context demands unusual criteria since a great deal of African music is communal and orally transmitted yet some of this is clearly contemporary-popular music while some is art-music. Traditions may coincide entirely, partially or not at all with geographic, political, linguistic or cultural boundaries. Very few, if any, music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples; thus, the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other. [edit] Ethnomusicological subdivisions  Geo-political map of Africa divided for ethnomusicological purposes, after Alan P. Merriam, 1959. - The western region includes the music of Senegal and the Gambia, of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone and Liberia, of the inland plains of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso, the coastal nations of Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and the the Republic of the Congo as well as islands such as Sao Tome and Principe.
[edit] East Africa Acholi [1] Instrumentation = adungu Borana [2] Instrumentation = chamonge guitar Buganda (also Ganda, Baganda) [3] Styles = akadinda - entenga - okunaga - okwawula Dance = baksimba Instrumentation = akadinda - engelabi - ennanga - entenga - trumpet Dinka [4] Gusii [5] Instrumentation = ground bow - obokano Lango [1] Instrumentation = okeme Luhya [6] Instrumentation = sukuti Luo [7] Styles = benga Instrumentation = nyatiti Maasai#Music and Dance [8] Styles = polyphonic song Other = eunoto Music of the Mascarene Islands includes the music of Réunion, Mauritius and Rodrigues [9] Styles = maloya music - sega Dance = sega Instrumentation = kayamb - maravanne - ravanne - tambour Other = maloya (ritual) Nuba [10] Instrumentation = rababa Other = Kambala Music of Rwanda and Music of Burundi inc. Watusi Bahutu Hutu Tutsi [11] Dance = ikinimba-umushayayo - umuhamirizo - imparamba - inkaranka - igishakamba - ikinyemera Instrumentation = ikembe - inanga - ingoma - iningiri - umuduri -ikondera - ihembe - urutaro Seychellois music [12] Dance = contonbley - contredanse - mazurka - polka Soga [13] Instrumentation = panpipe Swahili [14] Styles = gungu - kinanda - ngoma - wedding music Dance = chakacha - kumbwaya - vugo Instrumentation = dumbak - kibangala - oud - qanun - rika - tabla - taishokoto Zande [15] Zaramo [16] Styles = ngoma Dance = msondo - ngoma Instrumentation = msondo [edit] Southern Africa Afrikaans music[17] Styles = orkes Instrumentation = accordion - concertina Bemba music[18] Instrumentation = babatone - kalela Bushmen music[19] Also Basarwa, Khoe, Khwe, San, !Kung Styles = hocket Chewa music[20] Dance = gule wa mkulu - nyau Chopi music[21] Styles = timbala Instrumentation = kalimba - mbila - timbila - valimba - xigovia - xipala-pala - xipendane - xitende - xizambe Comorian music [22] Styles = ngoma Instrumentation = gabusi - msondo - ndzendze Henga music[23] Dance = vimbuza Kaonde music[24] Dance = kachacha Lemba music[25] Instrumentation = mbira Lomwe music[26] Dance = tchopa Luvale music[27] Dance = manchancha Music of Madagascar [28] Styles = sega - vakodrazana Dance = basese - salegy - sega - sigaoma - tsapika - watsa watsa Instrumentation = jejy voatavo - kabosy - lokanga - marovany - sodina - valiha Other = famadihana Ndbele music[29] Instrumentation = guitar Other = bira Ngoni music[30] Dance = ingoma Nyanja music[31] Dance = chitsukulumwe - gule wa mkulu - likhuba Pedi music[32] Styles = harepa Instrumentation = harepa Shangaan music[33] Instrumentation = guitar Shona music also Tsonga [34] Instrumentation = hosho - karimba - matepe - mbira - ngoma - njari - panpipe Other = bira - kushaura-kutsinhira Sotho music [35] Styles = mohabelo Tonga music[36] Dance = mganda Tumbuka music[37] Dance = vimbuza Venda music[38] Instrumentation = ngoma - panpipe Xhosa music [39] |Instrumentation = uhadi Yao music[40] Dance = beni - likwata Yombe music[13] Instrumentation = panpipe Zulu music [41] Styles = izihlabo - maskanda Instrumentation = guitar Other = ukubonga [edit] Central Africa Bamileke [42] Styles = mangambe Instrumentation = tam tam Bashi [43] Instrumentation = lulanga Bassa [44] Styles = assiko Beti-Pahuin [45] Style = bikutsi Dance = bikutsi Instrumentation = njang - rattle Fang people [46] Styles = chorus and drum group Instrumentation = mvet Other = bebom-mvet Pygmy music [47] Styles = hindewhu - hocket - likanos - liquindi - lullaby - yelli Instrumentation = flute - ieta - limbindi - molimo - ngombi - trumpet - whistle Other = boona - elima - jengi - molimo Music of São Tomé and Principe [48] Styles = danço-congo - dêxa - socopé - ússua - xtléva Dance = danço-congo - puíta - ússua Instrumentation = cowbell - flute - rattle Other = Tchiloli [edit] West Africa Abaluhya music[49] Styles = litungo Adja music[50] Styles = tchinkoumé Akan music[51] Styles = adaha - agbadza - akwete - ashiko - asonko - gombe - konkomba - mainline - osibisaba - sikyi Dance = adowa - osibisaba - sikyi Instrumentation = atumpan - seprewa Appollo music[52] Dance = abissa - fanfare - grolo - sidder Instrumentation = edengole Balanta music[53] Styles = brosca - kussundé Ashanti music[54] (Asante) Styles = adowa - kete Dance = Instrumentation = aburukawa - apentemma - dawuro - torowa Baoulé music[55] Styles = gbébé - polyphony Beriberi music[56] Styles = polyphonic song Dance = gerewol Bijagos music[57] Music of Cape Verde [58] Styles = batuque - coladera - funaná - morna - tabanca Dance = batuque - coladera - funaná - morna - tabanca Instrumentation = gaita - cavaquinho - cimboa - ferrinho - rabeca - violão - viola Dagomba music[59] Dance = takai - damba - tora - jera - simpa - bamaya - geena Instrumentation = lunga/talking drum - gungon - flute - gonje fiddle - bell Dan music[60] Dance = mask dance Ewe music [61] Styles = takada Dance = agbadza - Gadzo Instrumentation = atsimevu - axatse - gankogui - gboba - kaganu - kidi - simevu - sogo Fula music(also Fulani, Pulaar) [62] Instrumentation = fiddle - flute Other = gawlo Goun music [63] Instrumentation = kakagbo - hongan  The djembe, an originally Mandinka drum that has spread across the region Hausa music [64] Styles = praise song - rokon fada Dance = asauwara - bori Instrumentation = aglhaïta - duma - ganga - goge - kakati - kalangu - kontigi - kukkuma - molo Other = bòòríí Igbo music [65] |Styles = egwu ota Instrumentation = obo - ufie - ogene Kasena music[66] Styles = hocket - jongo - len yoro Dance = jongo - nagila - pe zara - war dance Instrumentation = gullu - gungonga - korbala - kornia - sinyegule - wua - yong wui Lobi music[67] |Instrumentation = xylophone Luo music[49] |Styles = nyatiti Mande music [68] Styles = donkilo - jaliya - kumbengo - praise singing - sataro - Wassoulou hunters' song Dance = bansango - didadi - dimba - sogominkum Instrumentation = balo - balafon - bolon - djembe - doundoun - fle - kamalengoni - karinyan - kontingo - kora - ngoni - soku - tama - tamani Other = jali - jatigui - nyamakala Music of Mauritania [69] Styles = al-bayda - epic - fagu - l'-gnaydiya - al-kahla - karr[disambiguation needed] - labyad - lakhal - lebtayt - praise song Instrumentation = ardin - daghumma - tbal - tidinit Other = iggawin Mossi music[70] Styles = djambadon - griot Instrumentation = Other = Larle Naaba Senoufo music[71] Styles = funereal music - poro Serer music[72] Styles = polyphonic song Toucouleur music (Tukulor) [73] Wolof music [74] Styles = Dance = farwoudiar Instrumentation = halam Other = gewel Yoruba music [75] Styles = dundun Dance = gelede Instrumentation = bata - dundun - gangan - gudugudu - igbin - iyalu - kakakai - sekere Other = spraying - ^ a b Turino, pgs. 179, 182; Sandahl, Sten, "Exiles and Traditions" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 698 - 701
- ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
- ^ Turino, pgs. 179, 182; Sandahl, Sten, "Exiles and Traditions" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 698 - 701; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105; World Music Central
- ^ Verney, Peter with Helen Jerome and Moawia Yassin, "Yearning to Dance" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 672 - 680
- ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
- ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
- ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
- ^ Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 509 - 522
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 112; Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 505 - 508
- ^ Verney, Peter with Helen Jerome and Moawia Yassin, "Yearning to Dance" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 672 - 680
- ^ Jacquemin, Jean-Pierre, Jadot Sezirahigha and Richard Trillo, "Echoes from the Hills" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 608 - 612
- ^ Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 505 - 508
- ^ a b Turino, pg. 183
- ^ Graebner, Werner, "Mtindo - Dance with Style" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 681 - 689
- ^ Verney, Peter with Helen Jerome and Moawia Yassin, "Yearning to Dance" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 672 - 680
- ^ Graebner, Werner, "Mtindo - Dance with Style" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 681 - 689
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 702 - 705
- ^ Karolyi, pg. 24
- ^ Lwanda, John, and Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Sounds Afroma!" and "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538, and pgs. 702 - 705
- ^ Paco, Celso, "A Luta Continua" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 579 - 584; Karolyi, pg. 32; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
- ^ Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 505 - 508
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 702 - 705
- ^ Karolyi, pg. 45
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 702 - 705
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 111 - 112; World Music Central
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Lwanda, John, and Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Sounds Afroma!" and "Evolution and Expression" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538, and pgs. 702 - 705
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Turino, pgs. 105, 162, 182 - 183; Kendall, Judy and Banning Eyre, "Jit, Mbira and Chimurenga" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 706 - 716
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Turino, pg. 183; Karolyi, pg. 37
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 107
- ^ Lwanda, John, "Sounds Afroma!" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 533 - 538
- ^ Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 638 - 657
- ^ Nkolo, Jean-Victor and Graeme Ewens, "Music of a Small Continent" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 440 - 447
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 142
- ^ Nkolo, Jean-Victor and Graeme Ewens, "Music of a Small Continent" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 440 - 447
- ^ Nkolo, Jean-Victor and Graeme Ewens, "Music of a Small Continent" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 440 - 447
- ^ Dominguez, Manuel, "Malabo Blues" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 477 - 479
- ^ Includes the Aka, Baka, Mambuti Mbuti and Efé; Turino, pgs. 170 - 171; Abram, Dave, "Sounds from the African Rainforest" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 601 - 607; Karolyi, pg. 24
- ^ Lima, Conceução and Caroline Shaw, "Island Music of Central Africa" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 613 - 616
- ^ a b Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 101
- ^ Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois with Eric Audra, "Afro-Funksters" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 432 - 436
- ^ includes the Ashanti, Fanti and Nzema; Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 90, 92, 182; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 488 - 498; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
- ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
- ^ de Klein, Guus, "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 499 - 504
- ^ Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
- ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
- ^ Bensignor, François, "Sounds of the Sahel" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 585 - 587
- ^ de Klein, Guus, "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 499 - 504
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 96; Máximo, Susana and David Peterson, "Music of Sweet Sorrow" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 448 - 457
- ^ Turino, pg. 182; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 488 - 498
- ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
- ^ Turino, pg. 178; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 488 - 498
- ^ Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633; Karolyi, pg. 42
- ^ Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois with Eric Audra, "Afro-Funksters" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 432 - 436
- ^ Turino, pg. 184; Bensignor, François and Ronnie Graham, "Sounds of the Sahel" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 585 - 587 and pgs. 588 - 600
- ^ Ronnie Graham, "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 588 - 600
- ^ Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 67 - 105
- ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
- ^ Includes the Mandinka, Maninka and Bamana; Turino, pgs. 172 - 173; Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois, Guus de Klein, and Lucy Duran, "Hidden Treasure", "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" and "West Africa's Musical Powerhouse" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 437 - 439, pgs. 499 - 504 and pgs. 539 - 562; Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 95; World Music Central
- ^ Includes Sahrawi music; Muddyman, David and Richard Trillo, "The Ways of the Moors" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 563 - 566
- ^ Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois, "Hidden Treasure" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 437 - 439
- ^ Bensignor, François and Brooke Wentz, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 472 - 476
- ^ Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633
- ^ Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633
- ^ Turino, pg. 183; Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 617 - 633; World Music Central
- ^ Turino, pgs. 181 - 182; Bensignor, Fran&ccedi;ois with Eric Audra, and Ronnie Graham, "Afro-Funksters" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 432 - 436 and pgs. 588 - 600; Karolyi, pg. 43
[edit] References - Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham (eds.) (2000). Rough Guide to World Music (First edition ed.). London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-636-0.
- Karolyi, Otto (1998). Traditional African & Oriental Music. Penguin Books. ISBN 0140231072.
- Manuel, Peter (1988). Popular Musics of the Non-Western World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195053427.
- Philip V. Bohlman; Bruno Nettl, Charles Capwell, Thomas Turino and Isabel K. F. Wong (1997). Excursions in World Music (Second edition ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-230632-8.
- Nettl, Bruno (1965). Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Fujie, Linda, James T. Koetting, David P. McAllester, David B. Reck, John M. Schechter, Mark Slobin and R. Anderson Sutton (1992). Jeff Todd Titan (Ed.). ed. Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples (Second Edition ed.). New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-872602-2.
- "International Dance Glossary". World Music Central. http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/staticpages/index.php/glossary. Retrieved April 3, 2006.
|
