France

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Contents 1 Early Modern France 1.1 Chief Ministers of the French Kings 2 First French Republic (1792-1804) 3 First French Empire (1804-1815) 4 Bourbon Restoration (1815-1830) 4.1 Presidents of the Council of Ministers 5 July Monarchy (1830-1848) 5.1 Presidents of the Council of Ministers 6 Second French Republic (1848-1852) 6.1 Presidents of the Council of Ministers 7 Second French Empire (1852-1870) 7.1 Cabinet Chiefs 8 Third French Republic (1870-1940) 8.1 President of the Government of National Defense 8.2 Presidents of the Council of Ministers 9 Vichy France (1940-1944) 9.1 Presidents of the Council of Ministers 10 Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944-1947) 10.1 Chairmen of the Provisional Government 11 Fourth French Republic (1947-1958) 11.1 Presidents of the Council of Ministers 12 Fifth French Republic (1958-Present) 12.1 Prime Ministers 13 See also 14 External links

[edit] Early Modern France

[edit] Chief Ministers of the French Kings

• Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu 1624-1642
• Jules Cardinal Mazarin 1642-1661

Louis XIV ruled without a chief minister after Mazarin's death. After Louis' death, his nephew Philip II, Duke of Orléans, regent for Louis XV, directed the government in person before he appointed a prime minister in 1718.

• Guillaume Dubois 1718-1723
• Philippe II, Duc d'Orléans 1723, after his resignation as regent
• Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon 1723-1726
• André-Hercule Cardinal de Fleury 1726-1743

With Fleury's death, Louis XV, like his great-grandfather, announced that he was taking control of policy into his own hands. Later in his reign, he would once again appoint ministers to direct affairs on his behalf, a practice which would continue under his successor:

• Étienne François, duc de Choiseul 1758-1770
• Emmanuel Armand de Vignerot du Plessis de Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon 1771-1774
• Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas 1774-1781
• Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes 1781-1787
• Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne 1787-1788
• Jacques Necker 1788-1789
• Louis Charles Auguste Le Tonnelier, baron de Breteuil 1789
• Jacques Necker 1789-1790
• Armand Marc, comte Montmorin-Saint-Hérem 1790-1791

[edit] First French Republic (1792-1804)

During the First French Republic periods the arrangements for the direction of the government of France changed frequently and there was no office of Prime Minister. See the relevant article for details.

[edit] First French Empire (1804-1815)

During the First French Empire periods the arrangements for the direction of the government of France changed frequently and there was no office of Prime Minister. See the relevant article for details.

[edit] Bourbon Restoration (1815-1830)

[edit] Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Prince de Benevente	9 July 1815	26 September 1815
Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1st time)	26 September 1815	29 December 1818
Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles	29 December 1818	19 November 1819
Élie, Comte Decazes	19 November 1819	20 February 1820	Constitutionalists
Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (2nd time)	20 February 1820	14 December 1821
Jean-Baptiste de Villèle	14 December 1821	4 January 1828	Ultra-Royalists
Jean-Baptiste Gaye, Vicomte de Martignac	4 January 1828	8 August 1829	Ultra-Royalists
Jules, Prince de Polignac	8 August 1829	29 July 1830	Ultra-Royalists

[edit] July Monarchy (1830-1848)

[edit] Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
Position vacant	29 July 1830	13 August 1830
Victor, duc de Broglie (1st time)	13 August 1830	2 November 1830	Orléanist
Jacques Laffitte	2 November 1830	13 March 1831	Orléanist
Casimir Pierre Perier	13 March 1831	16 May 1832	Orléanist
Position vacant	16 May 1832	11 October 1832
Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, Duc de Dalmatie (1st time)	11 October 1832	18 July 1834
Etienne-Maurice, Comte Gérard	18 July 1834	10 November 1834
Hugues Maret, Duc de Bassano	10 November 1834	18 November 1834
Edouard Mortier, Duc de Treviso	18 November 1834	12 March 1835
Victor, duc de Broglie (2nd time)	12 March 1835	22 February 1836	Orléanist
Adolphe Thiers (1st time)	22 February 1836	6 September 1836	Orléanist/Parti du Mouvement
Louis, Comte Molé (1st time)	6 September 1836	31 March 1839	Orléanist
Position vacant	31 March 1839	12 May 1839
Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, Duc de Dalmatie (2nd time)	12 May 1839	1 March 1840
Adolphe Thiers (2nd time)	1 March 1840	29 October 1840	Orléanist/Parti du Mouvement
Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, Duc de Dalmatie (3rd time)	29 October 1840	19 September 1847
François Guizot	19 September 1847	23 February 1848	Orléanist
Louis, Comte Molé (2nd time)	23 February 1848	24 February 1848	Orléanist

[edit] Second French Republic (1848-1852)

[edit] Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure	24 February 1848	9 May 1848	Republicans
François Arago	10 May 1848	24 June 1848	Republicans
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac	28 June 1848	20 December 1848	Republicans
Odilon Barrot	20 December 1848	31 October 1849	Parti de l'Ordre
Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul	31 October 1849	10 April 1851	Parti de l'Ordre
Léon Faucher	10 April 1851	26 October 1851	Parti de l'Ordre
Position vacant	26 October 1851	2 December 1852

[edit] Second French Empire (1852-1870)

[edit] Cabinet Chiefs

Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
Position vacant	2 December 1852	27 December 1869
Émile Ollivier	27 December 1869	9 August 1870	Bonapartist
Charles Cousin-Montauban, Comte de Palikao	9 August 1870	4 September 1870	Bonapartist

[edit] Third French Republic (1870-1940)

[edit] President of the Government of National Defense

Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
Louis Jules Trochu	4 September 1870	18 January 1871	Military

[edit] Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
Jules Dufaure (1st time)	19 February 1871	24 May 1873	Independent (ex-monarchist)
Albert, duc de Broglie (1st time)	25 May 1873	22 May 1874	Monarchist
Ernest Courtot de Cissey	22 May 1874	10 March 1875	Conservative
Louis Buffet	10 March 1875	23 February 1876	Monarchist
Jules Dufaure (2nd time)	23 February 1876	12 December 1876	Independent (ex-monarchist)
Jules Simon	12 December 1876	17 May 1877	Left Republican
Albert, duc de Broglie (2nd time)	17 May 1877	23 November 1877	Monarchist
Gaëtan de Rochebouët	23 November 1877	13 December 1877	Conservative
Jules Dufaure (3rd time)	13 December 1877	4 February 1879	Independent (ex-monarchist)
William Waddington	4 February 1879	28 December 1879	Independent (ex-monarchist)
Charles de Freycinet (1st time)	28 December 1879	23 September 1880	Opportunist Republican
Jules Ferry (1st time)	23 September 1880	14 November 1881	Left Republican
Léon Gambetta	14 November 1881	30 January 1882	Opportunist Republican
Charles de Freycinet (2nd time)	30 January 1882	7 August 1882	Opportunist Republican
Charles Duclerc	7 August 1882	29 January 1883	Left Republican
Armand Fallières	29 January 1883	21 February 1883	Left Republican
Jules Ferry (2nd time)	21 February 1883	6 April 1885	Left Republican
Henri Brisson (1st time)	6 April 1885	7 January 1886	Radical Republican
Charles de Freycinet (3rd time)	7 January 1886	16 December 1886	Opportunist Republican
René Goblet	16 December 1886	30 May 1887	Radical Republican
Maurice Rouvier (1st time)	30 May 1887	12 December 1887	Opportunist Republican
Pierre Tirard (1st time)	12 December 1887	3 April 1888	Left Republican
Charles Floquet	3 April 1888	22 February 1889	Radical Republican
Pierre Tirard (2nd time)	22 February 1889	17 March 1890	Left Republican
Charles de Freycinet (4th time)	17 March 1890	27 February 1892	Left Republican
Émile Loubet	27 February 1892	6 December 1892	Left Republican
Alexandre Ribot (1st time)	6 December 1892	4 April 1893	Left Republican
Charles Dupuy (1st time)	4 April 1893	3 December 1893	Left Republican
Jean Casimir-Perier	3 December 1893	30 May 1894	Left Republican
Charles Dupuy (2nd time)	30 May 1894	26 January 1895	Left Republican
Alexandre Ribot (2nd time)	26 January 1895	1 November 1895	Left Republican
Léon Bourgeois	1 November 1895	29 April 1896	Radical Republican
Jules Méline	29 April 1896	28 June 1898	Left Republican
Henri Brisson (2nd time)	28 June 1898	1 November 1898	Radical Republican
Charles Dupuy (3rd time)	1 November 1898	22 June 1899	Left Republican
Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau	22 June 1899	7 June 1902	Democratic Republican Alliance
Émile Combes	7 June 1902	24 January 1905	Radical Socialist Party
Maurice Rouvier (2nd time)	24 January 1905	12 March 1906	Democratic Republican Alliance
Ferdinand Sarrien	12 March 1906	25 October 1906	Radical Socialist Party
Georges Clemenceau (1st time)	25 October 1906	24 July 1909	Radical Socialist Party
Aristide Briand (1st time)	24 July 1909	2 March 1911	Republican-Socialist Party
Ernest Monis	2 March 1911	27 June 1911	Radical Socialist Party
Joseph Caillaux	27 June 1911	21 January 1912	Radical Socialist Party
Raymond Poincaré (1st time)	21 January 1912	21 January 1913	Democratic Republican Party
Aristide Briand (2nd time)	21 January 1913	22 March 1913	Republican-Socialist Party
Louis Barthou	22 March 1913	9 December 1913	Democratic Republican Party
Gaston Doumergue (1st time)	9 December 1913	9 June 1914	Radical Socialist Party
Alexandre Ribot (3rd time)	9 June 1914	13 June 1914	Democratic Republican Party
René Viviani	13 June 1914	29 October 1915	Republican-Socialist Party
Aristide Briand (3rd time)	29 October 1915	20 March 1917	Republican-Socialist Party
Alexandre Ribot (4th time)	20 March 1917	12 September 1917	Democratic Republican Party
Paul Painlevé (1st time)	12 September 1917	16 November 1917	Republican-Socialist Party
Georges Clemenceau (2nd time)	16 November 1917	20 January 1920	Radical Socialist Party
Alexandre Millerand	20 January 1920	24 September 1920	Independent (moderate)
Georges Leygues	24 September 1920	16 January 1921	Democratic Republican Party
Aristide Briand (4th time)	16 January 1921	15 January 1922	Republican-Socialist Party
Raymond Poincaré (2nd time)	15 January 1922	8 June 1924	Democratic Alliance
Frédéric François-Marsal	8 June 1924	15 June 1924	Republican Federation
Édouard Herriot (1st time)	15 June 1924	17 April 1925	Radical Socialist Party
Paul Painlevé (2nd time)	17 April 1925	28 November 1925	Republican-Socialist Party
Aristide Briand (5th time)	28 November 1925	20 July 1926	Republican-Socialist Party
Édouard Herriot (2nd time)	20 July 1926	23 July 1926	Radical Socialist Party
Raymond Poincaré (3rd time)	23 July 1926	29 July 1929	Democratic Alliance
Aristide Briand (6th time)	29 July 1929	2 November 1929	Republican-Socialist Party
André Tardieu (1st time)	2 November 1929	21 February 1930	Democratic Alliance
Camille Chautemps (1st time)	21 February 1930	2 March 1930	Radical Socialist Party
André Tardieu (2nd time)	2 March 1930	13 December 1930	Democratic Alliance
Théodore Steeg	13 December 1930	27 January 1931	Radical Socialist Party
Pierre Laval (1st time)	27 January 1931	20 February 1932	Independent (conservative)
André Tardieu (3rd time)	20 February 1932	3 June 1932	Democratic Alliance
Édouard Herriot (3rd time)	3 June 1932	18 December 1932	Radical Socialist Party
Joseph Paul-Boncour	18 December 1932	31 January 1933	Republican-Socialist Party
Édouard Daladier (1st time)	31 January 1933	26 October 1933	Radical Socialist Party
Albert Sarraut (1st time)	26 October 1933	26 November 1933	Radical Socialist Party
Camille Chautemps (2nd time)	26 November 1933	30 January 1934	Radical Socialist Party
Édouard Daladier (2nd time)	30 January 1934	9 February 1934	Radical Socialist Party
Gaston Doumergue (2nd time)	9 February 1934	8 November 1934	Radical Socialist Party
Pierre Étienne Flandin	8 November 1934	1 June 1935	Democratic Alliance
Fernand Bouisson	1 June 1935	7 June 1935	Republican-Socialist Party
Pierre Laval (2nd time)	7 June 1935	24 January 1936	Independent (conservative)
Albert Sarraut (2nd time)	24 January 1936	4 June 1936	Radical Socialist Party
Léon Blum (1st time)	4 June 1936	22 June 1937	French Section of the Workers' International (Popular Front)
Camille Chautemps (3rd time)	22 June 1937	13 March 1938	Radical Socialist Party (Popular Front)
Léon Blum (2nd time)	13 March 1938	10 April 1938	French Section of the Workers' International (Popular Front)
Édouard Daladier (3rd time)	10 April 1938	21 March 1940	Radical Socialist Party
Paul Reynaud	21 March 1940	16 June 1940	Democratic Alliance
Philippe Pétain	16 June 1940	11 July 1940	Military

[edit] Vichy France (1940-1944)

[edit] Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Name	Term start	Term end
Philippe Pétain	11 July 1940	18 April 1942
Pierre Laval (3rd time)	18 April 1942	17 August 1944

As Pétain was both Head of State and nominal Head of Government between 1940 and 1942, the de facto Head of Government of Vichy France, between 1940 and 1942, was known as Vice-President of the Council. Pierre Laval was Vice-President of the Council (11 July 1940 – 13 December 1940), followed by Pierre-Étienne Flandin (13 December 1940 – 9 February 1941) and François Darlan (9 February 1941 – 18 April 1942). The post of Vice-President was abolished in 1942 when Laval returned to power, and assumed the nominal position of President of the Council.

[edit] Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944-1947)

[edit] Chairmen of the Provisional Government

Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
Charles de Gaulle	3 June 1944	26 January 1946	Independent
Félix Gouin	26 January 1946	24 June 1946	French Section of the Workers' International
Georges Bidault	24 June 1946	28 November 1946	Popular Republican Movement
Vincent Auriol (interim)	28 November 1946	16 December 1946	French Section of the Workers' International
Léon Blum	16 December 1946	16 January 1947	French Section of the Workers' International

[edit] Fourth French Republic (1947-1958)

[edit] Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
Paul Ramadier	22 January 1947	24 November 1947	French Section of the Workers' International
Robert Schuman (1st time)	24 November 1947	24 July 1948	Popular Republican Movement
André Marie	24 July 1948	2 September 1948	Radical Socialist Party
Robert Schuman (2nd time)	2 September 1948	11 September 1948	Popular Republican Movement
Henri Queuille (1st time)	11 September 1948	28 October 1949	Radical Socialist Party
Georges Bidault	28 October 1949	2 July 1950	Popular Republican Movement
Henri Queuille (2nd time)	2 July 1950	12 July 1950	Radical Socialist Party
René Pleven (1st time)	12 July 1950	10 March 1951	Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
Henri Queuille (3rd time)	10 March 1951	11 August 1951	Radical Socialist Party
René Pleven (2nd time)	11 August 1951	20 January 1952	Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
Edgar Faure (1st time)	20 January 1952	8 March 1952	Radical Socialist Party
Antoine Pinay	8 March 1952	8 January 1953	National Centre of Independents and Peasants
René Mayer	8 January 1953	28 June 1953	Radical Party
Joseph Laniel	28 June 1953	19 June 1954	National Centre of Independents and Peasants
Pierre Mendès France	19 June 1954	17 February 1955	Radical Socialist Party
Christian Pineau (acting)	17 February 1955	23 February 1955	French Section of the Workers International
Edgar Faure (2nd time)	23 February 1955	1 February 1956	Radical Socialist Party
Guy Mollet	1 February 1956	13 June 1957	French Section of the Workers' International
Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury	13 June 1957	6 November 1957	Radical Socialist Party
Félix Gaillard	6 November 1957	14 May 1958	Radical Socialist Party
Pierre Pflimlin	14 May 1958	1 June 1958	Popular Republican Movement
Charles de Gaulle	1 June 1958	8 January 1959	Union for the New Republic

[edit] Fifth French Republic (1958-Present)

This was the first time when the term Prime Minister was used, rather than President of the Council of Ministers, reflecting the new power-sharing with the President of the Republic, who had before then been only head of state but not head of government.

[edit] Prime Ministers

Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
Michel Debré	8 January 1959	14 April 1962	Union for the New Republic
Georges Pompidou	14 April 1962	10 July 1968	Union for the New Republic
Maurice Couve de Murville	10 July 1968	20 June 1969	Union of Democrats for the Republic
Jacques Chaban-Delmas	20 June 1969	6 July 1972	Union of Democrats for the Republic
Pierre Messmer	6 July 1972	27 May 1974	Union of Democrats for the Republic
Jacques Chirac (1st time)	27 May 1974	26 August 1976	Union of Democrats for the Republic
Raymond Barre	26 August 1976	21 May 1981	Union for French Democracy
Pierre Mauroy	21 May 1981	17 July 1984	Socialist Party
Laurent Fabius	17 July 1984	20 March 1986	Socialist Party
Jacques Chirac (2nd time)	20 March 1986	10 May 1988	Rally for the Republic
Michel Rocard	10 May 1988	15 May 1991	Socialist Party
Édith Cresson	15 May 1991	2 April 1992	Socialist Party
Pierre Bérégovoy	2 April 1992	29 March 1993	Socialist Party
Édouard Balladur	29 March 1993	18 May 1995	Rally for the Republic
Alain Juppé	18 May 1995	3 June 1997	Rally for the Republic
Lionel Jospin	3 June 1997	6 May 2002	Socialist Party
Jean-Pierre Raffarin	6 May 2002	31 May 2005	Union for a Popular Movement
Dominique de Villepin	31 May 2005	17 May 2007	Union for a Popular Movement
François Fillon	17 May 2007	Incumbent	Union for a Popular Movement

[edit] See also

• President of the French Republic
• Politics of France
• History of France
• List of Foreign Ministers of France

[edit] External links

• List on the website of the French Prime Minister (in French)