List of Philadelphia Phillies managers Information & List of Philadelphia Phillies managers Links at HealthHaven.com

Charlie Manuel, manager, 2005–present

In its 126-year history, the Philadelphia Phillies baseball franchise of Major League Baseball's National League has employed 51 managers and 10 general managers (GMs).^[1]^[2] The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field.^[3] Of those 51 managers, 15 have been "player-managers";^[1] specifically, they managed the team while still being signed as a player.^[4] In contrast, the general manager controls player transactions, hiring and firing of the coaching staff, and negotiates with players and agents regarding contracts.^[5]

The Phillies posted their franchise record for losses in a season during their record-setting streak of 16 consecutive losing seasons (a season where the winning percentage is below .500), with 111 losses out of 154 games in 1941.^[6] During this stretch from 1933 to 1948, the Phillies employed seven different managers, all of whom posted a winning percentage below .430 for their Phillies careers.^[1] Seven managers have taken the Phillies to the postseason, with Danny Ozark leading the team to three playoff appearances. Dallas Green and Charlie Manuel are the only Phillies managers to win a World Series: Green in 1980 against the Kansas City Royals; and Manuel in 2008 against the Tampa Bay Rays.^[7] The longest-tenured general manager is Paul Owens, with 11 years of service to the team as the general manager, from 1972 to 1983.^[2] Owens also served as the team manager in 1972, and from 1983 to 1984.^[1] After this time, he served as a team executive until 2003, and was inducted into the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame in recognition of his services.^[8] Gene Mauch is the longest-tenured manager in franchise history, with 1,332 games of service in parts of eight seasons (1960–1968).^[9]

The manager with the highest winning percentage over a full season or more was Arthur Irwin, whose .575 winning percentage is fourth on the all-time wins list for Phillies managers.^[1] Conversely, the worst winning percentage over a season in franchise history is .160 by the inaugural season's second manager Blondie Purcell, who posted a 13–68 record during the 1883 season.^[10]

[edit] Table key

WPct	Winning percentage: number of wins divided by number of games managed
PA	Playoff appearances: number of years this manager has led the franchise to the playoffs
PW	Playoff wins: number of wins this manager has accrued in the playoffs
PL	Playoff losses: number of losses this manager has accrued in the playoffs
WS	World Series: number of World Series victories achieved by the manager
† or ‡	Elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame (‡ denotes induction as manager)^[11]
§	Member of the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame

[edit] Managers

Sepia-tone baseball card of Bob Allen bent over, by the Old Judge Cigarette Factory

Bob Allen, manager, 1890

Hugh Duffy, manager, 1904–1906

Kaiser Wilhelm, manager, 1921–1922

#^[a]	Manager	Years	Wins	Losses	Ties	WPct	PA	PW	PL	WS	Ref
1	Ferguson Bob Ferguson	01 1883	4	13	0	.235	-01 -01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[12]
2	Purcell Blondie Purcell	02 1883	13	68	1	.160	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[10]
3	Wright1 Harry Wright^†	03 1884–1890	409	374	0	.522	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[13]
4	Clements Jack Clements	04 1890	13	6	0	.684	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[14]
5	Reach Al Reach	05 1890	4	7	0	.364	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[15]
6	Allen Bob Allen	06 1890	25	10	0	.714	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[16]
—	Wright2 Harry Wright^†	07 1891–1893	227	192	0	.542	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[13]
7	Irwin Arthur Irwin	08 1894–1895	149	110	0	.575	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[17]
8	Nash Billy Nash	09 1896	62	68	0	.477	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[18]
9	Stallings George Stallings	10 1897–1898	74	104	0	.416	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[19]
10	Shettsline Bill Shettsline	11 1898–1902	367	303	0	.548	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[20]
11	Zimmer Chief Zimmer	12 1903	49	86	0	.363	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[21]
12	Duffy Hugh Duffy^†	13 1904–1906	206	251	0	.451	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[22]
13	Murray Billy Murray	14 1907–1909	240	214	0	.529	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[23]
14	Dooin Red Dooin	15 1910–1914	392	370	0	.514	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[24]
15	Moran Pat Moran	16 1915–1918	323	257	0	.557	1	01 1	4	0	^[25]^[26]
16	Coombs Jack Coombs^§	17 1919	18	44	0	.290	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[27]
17	Cravath Gavvy Cravath^§	18 1919–1920	91	137	0	.399	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[28]
18	Donovan Bill Donovan	19 1921	25	62	0	.287	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[29]
19	Wilhelm Kaiser Wilhelm	20 1921–1922	83	137	0	.377	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[30]
20	Fletcher Art Fletcher	21 1923–1926	231	378	0	.379	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[31]
21	McInnis Stuffy McInnis	22 1927	51	103	0	.331	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[32]
22	Shotton Burt Shotton	23 1928–1933	370	549	0	.403	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[33]
23	Wilson Jimmie Wilson	24 1934–1938	280	477	0	.370	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[34]
24	Lobert1 Hans Lobert	25 1938	0	2	0	.000	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[35]
25	Prothro Doc Prothro	26 1939–1941	138	320	0	.301	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[36]
—	Lobert2 Hans Lobert	27 1942	42	109	0	.278	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[35]
26	Harris Bucky Harris^‡	28 1943	38	52	0	.422	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[37]
27	Fitz Freddie Fitzsimmons	29 1943–1945	105	181	0	.367	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[38]
28	Chapman Ben Chapman	30 1945–1948	196	276	0	.415	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[39]
29	Cooke Dusty Cooke	31 1948	6	6	0	.500	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[40]
30	Sawyer1 Eddie Sawyer	32 1948–1952	296	292	0	.504	1	00 0	4	0	^[41]^[42]
31	O'Neill Steve O'Neill	33 1952–1954	182	140	0	.565	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[43]
32	Moore Terry Moore	34 1954	35	42	0	.455	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[44]
33	Smith Mayo Smith	35 1955–1958	264	282	0	.484	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[45]
—	Sawyer2 Eddie Sawyer	36 1958–1960	94	131	0	.418	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[41]
34	Cohen Andy Cohen	37 1960	1	0	0	1.000	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[46]
35	Mauch Gene Mauch	38 1960–1968	646	684	0	.486	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[9]
36	Skinner Bob Skinner	39 1968–1969	92	123	0	.428	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[47]
37	Myatt George Myatt	40 1969	20	35	0	.364	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[48]
38	Lucchesi Frank Lucchesi	41 1970–1972	166	233	0	.416	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[49]
39	Owens1 Paul Owens^§	42 1972	33	47	0	.413	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[50]
40	Ozark Danny Ozark	43 1973–1979	594	510	0	.538	3	02 2	9	0	^[51]^[52] ^[53]^[54]
41	Green Dallas Green^§	44 1979–1981	169	130	0	.565	2	10 10	6	1	^[55]^[56] ^[57]
42	Corrales Pat Corrales	45 1982–1983	132	115	0	.534	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[58]
—	Owens2 Paul Owens^§	46 1983–1984	128	111	0	.536	1	04 4	5	0	^[50]^[59]
43	Felske John Felske	47 1985–1987	190	194	0	.495	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[60]
44	Elia Lee Elia	48 1987–1988	111	142	0	.439	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[61]
45	Vukovich John Vukovich^§	49 1988	5	4	0	.555	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[62]
46	Leyva Nick Leyva	50 1989–1991	148	189	0	.439	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[63]
47	Fregosi Jim Fregosi	51 1991–1996	431	463	0	.482	1	06 6	6	0	^[64]^[65]
48	Francona Terry Francona	52 1997–2000	285	363	0	.440	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[66]
49	Bowa Larry Bowa^§^[b]	53 2001–2004	337	308	0	.522	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[67]
50	Varsho Gary Varsho	54 2004	1	1	0	.500	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	-01 —	^[68]
51	Manuel Charlie Manuel	55 2005–present	447	363	0	.552	2	11	6	1	^[69]^[70] ^[71]^[72]
Totals	51 managers	127 seasons	9,035	10,162	1	.470	11	34	40	2

Statistics current through 2009 regular season

[edit] General managers

Sepia-tone baseball card of Herb Pennock with his arms over his heads, pitching for the Boston Americans

Herb Pennock, GM, 1944–1948

Name	Years	Ref
Herb Pennock^†	1944–1948	^[73]
Bob Carpenter	1950–1953	^[2]
Roy Hamey	1954–1958	^[2]
John Quinn	1959–1972	^[2]
Paul Owens^§	1972–1983	^[2]^[74]
Bill Giles	1984–1987	^[2]
Woody Woodward	1987–1988	^[75]
Lee Thomas	1988–1997	^[76]
Ed Wade	1998–2005	^[76]
Pat Gillick	2006–2008	^[77]
Rubén Amaro, Jr.	2008–present	^[78]

[edit] Footnotes

^a #: A running total of the number of Phillies' managers. Thus, any manager who has two or more separate terms is only counted once.
^b Larry Bowa won the Manager of the Year Award in 2001.^[79]

[edit] References

General references

"Philadelphia Phillies Managerial Register". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/managers.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
"Phillies All-Time Managers". Philadelphia Phillies. http://philadelphia.phillies.mlb.com/phi/history/managers.jsp. Retrieved 2008-08-12.

Inline citations

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^ "Manager: Definition | Dictionary.com". Dictionary.Reference.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 2006. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/manager. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
^ Stein, Fred (2002). And the Skipper Bats Cleanup: A History of the Baseball Player-Manager, with 42 Biographies of Men Who Filled the Dual Role. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1228-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=VQFPr7UyEvMC&dq=And+the+Skipper+Bats+Cleanup:+A+History+of+the+Baseball+Player-Manager,+with+42+Biographies+of+Men+Who+Filled+the+Dual+Role&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=KU5dDLYHOK&sig=p--BRdW50n3hvhgNHUXRMaYZ6dA&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA1,M1.
^ Schwarz, Alan (2005-12-21). "2005 General Manager Roundtable". Baseball America. http://www.baseballamerica.com/today/features/051221gmround.html. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
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^ "Phillies Wall of Fame". Philadelphia Phillies. http://philadelphia.phillies.mlb.com/phi/history/wall_of_fame.jsp. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
^ ^a ^b "Gene Mauch Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/mauchge01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ ^a ^b "Blondie Purcell Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/purcebl01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
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^ "Bob Ferguson Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/fergubo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ ^a ^b "Harry Wright Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/wrighha01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Jack Clements Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/clemeja01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Al Reach Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/reachal01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Bob Allen Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/allenbo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Arthur Irwin Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/irwinar01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Billy Nash Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/nashbi01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "George Stallings Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/stallge01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Bill Shettsline Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/shettbi99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Chief Zimmer Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/zimmech01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Hugh Duffy Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/duffyhu01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Billy Murray Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/murrabi99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Red Dooin Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/dooinre01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Pat Moran Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/moranpa01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
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^ "Jack Coombs Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/coombja01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Gavvy Cravath Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/cravaga01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Bill Donovan Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/donovbi01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Kaiser Wilhelm Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/wilheka01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Art Fletcher Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/fletcar01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Stuffy McInnis Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/mcinnst01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Burt Shotton Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/shottbu01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Jimmie Wilson Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/wilsoji01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ ^a ^b "Hans Lobert Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/loberha01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Doc Prothro Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/prothdo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Bucky Harris Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/harribu01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Freddie Fitzsimmons Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/fitzsfr01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Ben Chapman Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/chapmbe01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Dusty Cooke Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/cookedu01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ ^a ^b "Eddie Sawyer Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/sawyeed99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "1950 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1950.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Steve O'Neill Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/o'neist01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Terry Moore Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/moorete01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Mayo Smith Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/smithma01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Andy Cohen Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/cohenan01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Bob Skinner Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/skinnbo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "George Myatt Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/myattge01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Frank Lucchesi Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/lucchfr99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ ^a ^b "Paul Owens Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/owenspa99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Danny Ozark Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/ozarkda99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "1976 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1976.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "1977 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1977.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "1978 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1978.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Dallas Green Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/greenda02.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
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^ "1981 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1981.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Pat Corrales Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/corrapa01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
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^ "John Felske Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/felskjo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Lee Elia Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/eliale01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "John Vukovich Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/vukovjo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Nick Leyva Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/leyvani99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Jim Fregosi Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/fregoji01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
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^ "Terry Francona". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/francte01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Larry Bowa Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/bowala01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Gary Varsho Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/varshga01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ "Charlie Manuel Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/manuech01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
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^ ^a ^b "Phillies fire GM Wade after eight seasons". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=2186589. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
^ Mandel, Ken (2005-11-02). "Phillies name Gillick general manager". Major League Baseball. http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20051102&content_id=1263503&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
^ Mandel, Ken (2008-11-03). "Amaro Jr. takes over reins for Phillies". Philadelphia Phillies. http://philadelphia.phillies.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20081103&content_id=3660782&vkey=news_phi&fext=.jsp&c_id=phi. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
^ "MLB Awards (Manager of the Year)". Major League Baseball. http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/awards/mlb_awards_content.jsp?content=mgr_history. Retrieved 2008-07-28.

[edit] External links

Official website of the Philadelphia Phillies

[PhilsManagers-0] "Philadelphia Phillies Managerial Register". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/managers.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-23.

[BAGM-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Executive Database". Baseball America. http://www.baseballamerica.com/execdb/?show=franchise&fid=phi#gm. Retrieved 2008-07-23.

[2] "Manager: Definition | Dictionary.com". Dictionary.Reference.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 2006. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/manager. Retrieved 2008-12-29.

[3] Stein, Fred (2002). And the Skipper Bats Cleanup: A History of the Baseball Player-Manager, with 42 Biographies of Men Who Filled the Dual Role. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1228-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=VQFPr7UyEvMC&dq=And+the+Skipper+Bats+Cleanup:+A+History+of+the+Baseball+Player-Manager,+with+42+Biographies+of+Men+Who+Filled+the+Dual+Role&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=KU5dDLYHOK&sig=p--BRdW50n3hvhgNHUXRMaYZ6dA&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA1,M1.

[4] Schwarz, Alan (2005-12-21). "2005 General Manager Roundtable". Baseball America. http://www.baseballamerica.com/today/features/051221gmround.html. Retrieved 2008-12-29.

[5] "1941 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1941.shtml. Retrieved 2008-08-11.

[6] "Philadelphia Phillies Team History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[7] "Phillies Wall of Fame". Philadelphia Phillies. http://philadelphia.phillies.mlb.com/phi/history/wall_of_fame.jsp. Retrieved 2008-08-12.

[mauch-8] "Gene Mauch Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/mauchge01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[purcell-9] "Blondie Purcell Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/purcebl01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-23.

[10] "Baseball Hall of Fame Inductees". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/hof.shtml. Retrieved 2008-12-29.

[11] "Bob Ferguson Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/fergubo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[Hwright-12] "Harry Wright Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/wrighha01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[13] "Jack Clements Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/clemeja01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[14] "Al Reach Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/reachal01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[15] "Bob Allen Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/allenbo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[16] "Arthur Irwin Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/irwinar01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[17] "Billy Nash Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/nashbi01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[18] "George Stallings Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/stallge01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[19] "Bill Shettsline Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/shettbi99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[20] "Chief Zimmer Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/zimmech01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[21] "Hugh Duffy Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/duffyhu01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[22] "Billy Murray Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/murrabi99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[23] "Red Dooin Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/dooinre01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[24] "Pat Moran Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/moranpa01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[25] "1915 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1915.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[26] "Jack Coombs Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/coombja01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[27] "Gavvy Cravath Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/cravaga01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[28] "Bill Donovan Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/donovbi01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[29] "Kaiser Wilhelm Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/wilheka01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[30] "Art Fletcher Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/fletcar01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[31] "Stuffy McInnis Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/mcinnst01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[32] "Burt Shotton Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/shottbu01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[33] "Jimmie Wilson Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/wilsoji01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[Hlobert-34] "Hans Lobert Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/loberha01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[35] "Doc Prothro Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/prothdo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[36] "Bucky Harris Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/harribu01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[37] "Freddie Fitzsimmons Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/fitzsfr01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[38] "Ben Chapman Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/chapmbe01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[39] "Dusty Cooke Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/cookedu01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[Esawyer-40] "Eddie Sawyer Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/sawyeed99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[41] "1950 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1950.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[42] "Steve O'Neill Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/o'neist01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[43] "Terry Moore Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/moorete01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[44] "Mayo Smith Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/smithma01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[45] "Andy Cohen Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/cohenan01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[46] "Bob Skinner Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/skinnbo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[47] "George Myatt Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/myattge01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[48] "Frank Lucchesi Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/lucchfr99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[Powens-49] "Paul Owens Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/owenspa99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[50] "Danny Ozark Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/ozarkda99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[51] "1976 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1976.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[52] "1977 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1977.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[53] "1978 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1978.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[54] "Dallas Green Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/greenda02.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[55] "1980 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1980.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[56] "1981 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1981.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[57] "Pat Corrales Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/corrapa01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[58] "1983 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1983.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[59] "John Felske Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/felskjo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[60] "Lee Elia Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/eliale01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[61] "John Vukovich Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/vukovjo01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[62] "Nick Leyva Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/leyvani99.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[63] "Jim Fregosi Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/fregoji01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[64] "1993 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1993.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[65] "Terry Francona". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/francte01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[66] "Larry Bowa Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/bowala01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[67] "Gary Varsho Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/varshga01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[68] "Charlie Manuel Managerial Record". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/manuech01.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[69] "2007 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/2007.shtml. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[70] "2008 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/2008.shtml. Retrieved 2009-01-16.

[71] "2009 Philadelphia Phillies". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/2009.shtml. Retrieved 2009-01-16.

[72] "Phillies Timeline - 1940s". Philadelphia Phillies. http://philadelphia.phillies.mlb.com/phi/history/timeline06.jsp. Retrieved 2008-07-23.

[73] "Paul Owens dies at age 79". Major League Baseball. http://www.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20031226&content_id=623315&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb. Retrieved 2008-07-26.

[74] "Executive Database". Baseball America. http://www.baseballamerica.com/today/execdb/showperson.php?idx=WoodwWo01&fname=Woody&lname=Woodward. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[ThomasWade-75] "Phillies fire GM Wade after eight seasons". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=2186589. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

[76] Mandel, Ken (2005-11-02). "Phillies name Gillick general manager". Major League Baseball. http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20051102&content_id=1263503&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb. Retrieved 2008-07-23.

[77] Mandel, Ken (2008-11-03). "Amaro Jr. takes over reins for Phillies". Philadelphia Phillies. http://philadelphia.phillies.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20081103&content_id=3660782&vkey=news_phi&fext=.jsp&c_id=phi. Retrieved 2008-11-04.

[78] "MLB Awards (Manager of the Year)". Major League Baseball. http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/awards/mlb_awards_content.jsp?content=mgr_history. Retrieved 2008-07-28.

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