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List of HTTP headers:
HTTP
Persistence · Compression · SSL
Headers
ETag · Cookie · Referer
Status codes
200 OK
301 Moved permanently
302 Found
303 See Other
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
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HTTP Headers form the core of an HTTP request, and are very important in an HTTP response. They define various characteristics of the data that is requested or the data that has been provided.

This is an incomplete list of some of the HTTP headers defined in RFC 2616 and RFC 2109 for HTTP/1.1

Contents

[edit] Requests

Header Description Example
Accept Content-Types that are acceptable Accept: text/plain
Accept-Charset Character sets that are acceptable Accept-Charset: iso-8859-5
Accept-Encoding Acceptable encodings Accept-Encoding: compress, gzip
Accept-Language Acceptable languages for response Accept-Language: da [1]
Accept-Ranges Allows the server to indicate its acceptance of range requests for a resource Accept-Ranges: bytes
Authorization Authentication credentials for HTTP authentication Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==
Cache-Control Used to specify directives that MUST be obeyed by all caching mechanisms along the request/response chain Cache-Control: no-cache
Connection What type of connection the user-agent would prefer Connection: close
Cookie an HTTP cookie previously sent by the server with Set-Cookie (below) Cookie: $Version=1; UserId=JohnDoe
Date The date and time that the message was sent Date: Tue, 15 Nov 1994 08:12:31 GMT
Host The domain name of the server (for virtual hosting), mandatory since HTTP/1.1 Host: en.wikipedia.org
If-Modified-Since Allows a 304 Not Modified to be returned if content is unchanged If-Modified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT
If-None-Match Allows a 304 Not Modified to be returned if content is unchanged, see HTTP ETag If-None-Match: "737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d"
User-Agent The user agent string of the user agent User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; X11; UTF-8)

[edit] Responses

Header Description Example
Accept-Ranges What partial content range types this server supports Accept-Ranges: bytes
Age The age the object has been in a proxy cache in seconds Age: 12
Allow Valid actions for a specified resource. To be used for a 405 Method not allowed Allow: GET, HEAD
Cache-Control Tells all caching mechanisms from server to client whether they may cache this object Cache-Control: no-cache
Content-Encoding The type of encoding used on the data Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Language The language the content is in Content-Language: da
Content-Length The length of the response body in bytes Content-Length: 348
Content-Location An alternate location for the returned data Content-Location: /index.htm
Content-Disposition An opportunity to raise a "File Download" dialogue box for a known MIME type Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=fname.ext
Content-MD5 An MD5 sum of the content of the response Content-MD5: 3167b9c13ad2b6d36946493fc47976c8
Content-Range Where in a full body message this partial message belongs Content-Range: bytes 21010-47021/47022
Content-Type The mime type of this content Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Date The date and time that the message was sent Date: Tue, 15 Nov 1994 08:12:31 GMT
ETag An identifier for a specific version of a resource, often a Message Digest, see ETag ETag: 737060cd8c284d8af7ad3082f209582d
Expires Gives the date/time after which the response is considered stale Expires: Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT
Last-Modified The last modified date for the requested object, in RFC 2822 format Last-Modified: Tue, 15 Nov 1994 12:45:26 GMT
Location Used in redirection Location: http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/People.html
Server A name for the server Server: Apache/1.3.27 (Unix) (Red-Hat/Linux)
Set-Cookie an HTTP cookie Set-Cookie: UserID=JohnDoe; Max-Age=3600; Version=1

[edit] Effects of selected HTTP headers

[edit] Cache-Control

If the server responds with Cache-Control: no-cache then in particular a web browser must not cache the object. In a web browser one effect of this is that if one returns to a previous web page by clicking on the back button, then, if that page was sent with the Cache-Control: no-cache directive, the browser will request the page again. This introduces latency. Depending on the situation this may or may not be appropriate. During a login session it is likely that caching is undesirable since pages may contain sensitive data. Therefore, by default in PHP, during a session, the Cache-Control header will be set to prevent caching.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Climb to the Stars (Stephanie Booth) » Browser Language Detection and Redirection

[edit] See also

[edit] External links


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