Kouprey Information & Kouprey Links at HealthHaven.com

Kouprey
Conservation status
	; Critically endangered, possibly extinct (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia;
Phylum:	Chordata;
Class:	Mammalia;
Order:	Artiodactyla;
Family:	Bovidae;
Subfamily:	Bovinae;
Genus:	Bos;
Species:	B. sauveli;
Binomial name
	Bos sauveli; Urbain, 1937

Kouprey (Bos sauveli, from khmer kū̞ pre̞j 'wild ox', also known as Kouproh or Grey ox) is a wild forest-dwelling ox found mainly in northern Cambodia but also believed to exist in southern Laos, western Vietnam, and eastern Thailand. It was discovered in 1937.

Kouprey is a very large ungulate, about the same size as a Wild Asian Water Buffalo. Male Kouprey stand up to two metres tall at the shoulder and weigh an average of 900 kilograms. However, the kouprey herds recently discovered in Vietnam^{[citation needed]} have individuals attaining weights of about 1700 kg or so, according to Vietnamese zoologists^{[citation needed]}. Kouprey have tall but narrow bodies, long legs and humped backs. Kouprey can be either grey, dark brown or black. The horns of the female are lyre-shaped with antelope-like upward spirals. The horns of the male are wide and arch forward and upward, and they begin to fray at the tips at about three years of age. Both sexes have notched nostrils and long tails.

Kouprey live in low, partially forested hills where they eat mainly grasses. Kouprey are diurnal, eating in the open at night and under the forest cover during the day. They live in herds of up to twenty, generally consisting of only cows and calves, but also bulls during the dry season.

There are estimated to be fewer than 250 kouprey left in the world. These low numbers are attributed to uncontrolled hunting by locals and soldiers, in conjunction with diseases introduced from cattle and loss of habitat.

However, no kouprey have been sighted since 1983, and during the last decade several searches for the animal have proven fruitless.^[2] The 2008 IUCN report lists the kouprey as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct).^[3]

There is no captive population.

[edit] Relation to other species

Research published by Northwestern University in London's Journal of Zoology indicated that a comparison of mitochondrial sequences showed the Kouprey might be a hybrid between a Zebu and a Banteng.^[4] However, the authors of this study have rescinded their conclusion, ^[5] and because a fossilized skull was found dating from the late Pleistocene or early Holocene epoch, they concluded that the kouprey is not a hybrid. More recent genetic analysis has demonstrated that the kouprey is not a hybrid.^[6]

There is a possibility that a second, smaller species of kouprey exists.^{[verification needed]}

[edit] References

^ Timmins, R.J., Hedges, S. & Duckworth., J.W. (2008). Bos sauveli. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 29 March 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is critically endangered.
^ "Search for the kouprey: trail runs cold for Cambodia’s national animal". Phnom Penh Post, April 2006. http://www.wildcattleconservation.org/WildCattleNews/wildcattlenews06.html#news052006.
^ |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/2890/0/full Timmins, R.J., Hedges, S. & Duckworth., J.W. 2008. Bos sauveli. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 11 March 2009
^ Northwestern biologists demote Southeast Asia's 'forest ox'
^ G. J. Galbreath, J. C. Mordacq, F. H. Weiler (2007) An evolutionary conundrum involving kouprey and banteng: A response from Galbreath, Mordacq and Weiler. Journal of Zoology 271 (3), 253–254. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00317.x
^ Cambodia's National Animal Is "Real," Study Says

Alexandre Hassanin, and Anne Ropiquet, 2007. Resolving a zoological mystery: the kouprey is a real species, Proc. R. Soc. B, doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0830
G. J. Galbreath, J. C. Mordacq, F. H. Weiler, 2006. Genetically solving a zoological mystery: was the kouprey (Bos sauveli) a feral hybrid? Journal of Zoology 270 (4): 561–564.
Hassanin, A., and Ropiquet, A. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Bovini (Bovidae, Bovinae) and the taxonomic status of the kouprey, Bos sauveli Urbain 1937. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 33(3):896-907.
Steve Hendrix: Quest for the Kouprey, International Wildlife Magazine, 25 (5) 1995, p. 20-23.
J.R. McKinnon/S.N. Stuart: The Kouprey - An action plan for its conservation. Gland, Switzerland 1989.
Steve Hendrix: The ultimate nowhere. Trekking through the Cambodian outback in search of the Kouprey, Chicago Tribune - 19 December 1999.

[edit] External links

Ultimate ingulate: Bos_sauveli
video of Kouprey herd
[1]Animal info page on kouprey
[2]CSEW factsheet on kouprey
The Cryptid Zoo: Kouprey
Copy of New York Times item about possible hybrid origin.

[iucn-0] Timmins, R.J., Hedges, S. & Duckworth., J.W. (2008). Bos sauveli. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 29 March 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is critically endangered.

[1] "Search for the kouprey: trail runs cold for Cambodia’s national animal". Phnom Penh Post, April 2006. http://www.wildcattleconservation.org/WildCattleNews/wildcattlenews06.html#news052006.

[2] |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/2890/0/full Timmins, R.J., Hedges, S. & Duckworth., J.W. 2008. Bos sauveli. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 11 March 2009

[3] Northwestern biologists demote Southeast Asia's 'forest ox'

[4] G. J. Galbreath, J. C. Mordacq, F. H. Weiler (2007) An evolutionary conundrum involving kouprey and banteng: A response from Galbreath, Mordacq and Weiler. Journal of Zoology 271 (3), 253–254. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00317.x

[5] Cambodia's National Animal Is "Real," Study Says

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]