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The Kh-25/Kh-25M (Russian: Х-25; NATO:AS-10 'Karen') is a family of Russian lightweight air-to-ground missiles with a modular range of guidance systems and a range of 10 km.[1] The anti-radar variant (Kh-25MP) is known to NATO as the AS-12 'Kegler' and has a range up to 40 km.[2] Designed by Zvezda-Strela, the Kh-25 is derived from the laser-guided version of their Kh-23 (AS-7 'Kerry'). It has now been succeeded by the Kh-38 family, but the Kh-25 remains in widespread use.
[edit] DevelopmentBased on an air-to-air missile, the beam-riding Kh-66 had been the Soviet Union's first air-to-ground missile for tactical aircraft, entering service in 1968.[5] However it proved difficult to use in practice as the launch aircraft had to dive towards the target. A version with radio-command guidance, the Kh-23, was first tested in 1968 but problems with the guidance system meant that it would not enter service for another five years.[6] So in 1971 work began on a version with a semi-active laser seeker, which became the Kh-25.[5] This was initially known in the West as the Kh-23L.[7] State testing began on 24 November 1974, and the Kh-25 entered production in 1975.[5] Work began on an anti-radar missile derived from the Kh-66[4] in 1972, using a passive radar seeker and SUR-73 autopilot.[5] The long-range Kh-31 anti-radar missile came out of the same project.[5] The Kh-27 began state testing on a Mig-27 on 8 August 1975[5] but did not enter service until 2 September 1980.[5] It was assigned the NATO reporting name AS-12 'Kegler' and in effect it replaced the much heavier Kh-28 (AS-9 'Kyle').[4] In 1973 Victor Bugaiskii was appointed head engineer of the bureau and he started work on combining the Kh-23M, Kh-25 and Kh-27 into a single modular system to reduce costs and improve tactical flexibility.[5] This was completed by the end of 1978,[5] resulting in the Kh-25MP (anti-radar), Kh-25ML (laser-guided) and Kh-25MR (radio-guided) family. NATO continued to refer to these as the AS-12 and AS-10 respectively, even though they could now be switched by a simple change of seeker head. [edit] DesignThe Kh-25 is very similar to the later version of the Kh-23, with cruciform canards and fins. The Kh-25MP has two versions of its homing head, 1VP and 2VP, sensitive to different frequencies.[2] [edit] Operational historyThe original Kh-25 entered service with the Soviet Air Force between 1973-5, equipping the MiG-23, MiG-27 'Flogger' and Su-17M.[3] Since then it has been cleared for use on the MiG-21 'Fishbed', MiG-29 'Fulcrum', Sukhoi Su-17/20/22 'Fitter', Su-24 'Fencer', Su-25 'Frogfoot' and Su-27 'Flanker'.[3] It can also be carried by attack helicopters such as the Ka-50. The Kh-25MP can be fitted to the MiG-23/27, Su-17/22, Su-24 and Su-25.[4] [edit] VariantsNATO refers to all of the Kh-25 family as AS-10 'Karen' apart from the anti-radar variants. An "M" designation stands for "Modulnaya" - modular (seeker head).
Training rounds have "U" designations, so eg for the Kh-25ML there is :
[edit] Similar weapons
[edit] External links[edit] Notes and references
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