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Kenya’s health care system is structured in a step-wise manner so that complicated cases are referred to a higher level. Gaps in the system are filled by private and church run units. The structure thus consists:
[edit] Health units[edit] DispensariesThe government runs dispensaries across the country and are the lowest point of contact with the public. These are run and managed by enrolled and registered nurses who are supervised by the nursing officer at the respective health centre. They provide outpatient services for simple ailments such as common cold and flu, uncomplicated malaria and skin conditions. Those patients who cannot be managed by the nurse are referred to the health centres. [edit] Private clinicsThese may be registered by the clinical officers council, nursing council or the medical practitioners and dentists board depending on the proprietor’s qualifications. Clinical officers require ten years experience in order to open their own clinics. They are usually small units, often with a medical laboratory, which offer a wide range of services depending on the training of the proprietors. [edit] Health centresThese are medium sized units which cater for a population of about 80,000 people. A few are owned by mission hospitals. They are managed and run by Clinical officers who are the team leaders. A typical health centre is staffed by:
All the health centre staff report to the Clinical officer in-charge except the public health officers and technicians who are deployed to a geographical area rather than to a health unit and report to the district public health officer even though they may have an office at the health centre. The health centre has the following departments:
[edit] Sub-district hospitalsThese are similar to health centres with addition of a surgery unit for Caeserian section and other procedures. Many are managed by clinical officers. A good number have a medical officer and a wider range of surgical services. [edit] Nursing homeThese are owned privately by individuals or churches and offer services roughly similar to those available at a sub-district or district hospital. [edit] District hospitalsEach district in the country has a district hospital which is the co-ordinating and referral centre for the smaller units. They usually have the resources to provide comprehensive medical and surgical services. They are managed by medical superintendents. [edit] Provincial hospitalsKenya has eight provinces each with a provincial hospital which is the referral point for the district hospitals. These are regional centres which provide specialized care including intensive care and life support and specialist consultations. [edit] National HospitalsThere are two national hospitals in Kenya namely
[edit] Major causes of morbidity and mortality
[edit] The ministry of healthHas its headquarters at Afya house in Nairobi. There are two ministers:
Each minister has two assistant ministers and a permanent secretary [edit] Director of medical services (DMS)
[edit] Sub-district hospital management board (SD-HMB)[edit] District medical officer of health (DMOH)
[edit] Health centre management committee (HCMC)
[edit] Important institutions (acts of parliament)[edit] Medical practitioners and dentists board[edit] Clinical officers council[edit] Nursing council of kenya[edit] Kenya medical supplies agency (KEMSA)[edit] Pharmacy and poisons board[edit] Kenya medical laboratory technicians and technologists board (KMLTTB)[edit] National hospital insurance fund (NHIF)Membership is compulsory to all salaried employee with voluntary membership to those in self-employment. Contributions range from Ksh 160 to a maximum Ksh 320. However plans are underway to compute contributions as a percentage of ones salary. When members or their declared dependants fall ill and are admitted in accredited hospitals, they are only required to pay the balance of the bill after the rebate has been calculated. The rebate varies depending on the hospital status and ranges from ksh 400 to ksh 2,000 per day. [edit] Kenya medical research instituteA state corporation that carries out medicall research in Kenya. It corporates with foreign research organisations such as CDC, Wellcome trust, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research etc [edit] Health management organisationsPrivate companies which offer additional health cover usually including outpatient cover which is not covered by the NHIF. They include:
[edit] Careers and training
[edit] References
[edit] See also
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