Karol Olszewski
Karol Olszewski
Born	Karol Stanisław Olszewski January 29, 1846(1846-01-29) Broniszów, Galicia
Died	March 24, 1915 (aged 69) Kraków, Galicia
Nationality	Polish
Education	Jagiellonian University in Kraków Heidelberg University PhD
Occupation	Scientist
Known for	First to liquefy oxygen and nitrogen. First Polish X-ray Photographs
Title	Professor

Karol Stanisław Olszewski (29 January 1846 in Broniszów – 24 March 1915 in Kraków, Galicia) was a Polish chemist, mathematician and physicist.

Contents 1 Life 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References

[edit] Life

Olszewski studied at Kraków's Jagiellonian University in the departments of mathematics and physics, and chemistry and biology. He carried out his first experiments using a personally improved compressor, compressing and condensing carbon dioxide.

Olszewski defended his doctoral dissertation at Heidelberg University, then returned to Kraków, where he was made profesor nadzwyczajny (associate professor).^[1]

In 1883, Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski were the first in the world to liquefy oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in a stable state (not, as had been the case up to then, in a dynamic state in the transitional form as vapor).

In 1884, in his Kraków laboratory, Olszewski was the first to liquify hydrogen in a dynamic state, achieving a record low temperature of -225 °C (48 K). In 1895 he liquified argon. He did not succeed, only, in liquifying newly-discovered helium.^[2]

In 1896, on hearing of Roentgen's work with x-rays, within a few days in early February Olszewski replicated it, thus initiating the university's department of radiology.^[3][4]

[edit] See also

• Timeline of low-temperature technology
• Timeline of hydrogen technologies
• List of Poles

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• "Olszewski, Karol Stanisław," Encyklopedia Polski, p. 464.