Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer
Born	November 14, 1829 Lesten, near Mitau in Kurland
Died	December 16, 1902 (aged 73) Munich
Residence	Russian Empire
Nationality	German
Fields	physiology and anatomy
Institutions	University of Kiel University of Königsberg
Alma mater	University of Tartu
Doctoral advisor	Emil Du Bois-Reymond Johannes Peter Müller Friedrich Bidder

Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer (born 14 November 1829, Lestene parish, near Mitau in Courland, now part of Latvia, died 16 December 1902, Munich) was a German anatomist who discovered stellate macrophage cells that bear his name.

The eldest son of pastor Karl Hermann Kupffer (1797-1860), Kupffer received his medical doctorate from the University of Tartu in 1854. Afterwards, he furthered his studies (1856-57) in Vienna, Berlin and Goettingen. During this period of time he studied under Emil Du Bois-Reymond and Johannes Peter Müller. In 1858 he returned to Tartu where he worked as a Prosector until 1865. In 1866 Kupffer was appointed Chair of Anatomy at the University of Kiel, and from 1875-1880 was a professor of anatomy at the University of Königsberg. From 1880 until his retirement in 1901, Kupffer was a professor of histology as well as curator of the anatomical institute at Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich.

Kupffer is primarily known for his work in the fields of histology, anatomy and embryology. He was particularly interested in the cellular, glandular and nervous structure and processes of the stomach and liver. Regarding his discovery of the eponymous Kupffer cells, he incorrectly believed that these cells were an integral part of the endothelium of the liver's blood vessels. In 1898 Polish pathologist Tadeusz Browicz (1847-1928) correctly identified them as macrophages. During his tenure at the University of Königsberg, Kupffer had the opportunity to examine the brain of philosopher Immanuel Kant.

[edit] Selected works

• De medullae spinalis textura in ranis ratione imprimis habita indolis substantiae cinerae, 1854
• Der Schädel von Immanuel Kant, Archiv für Anthropologie, Band 13
• Über Sternzellen in der Leber, brief an Prof. Waldyer, 1876, Archiv, Mikroskopische Anatomie, 12, 352-358
• Über die sogennanten Sternzellen der Säugethierleber, Archiv, Mikroskopische Anatomie, 1899, 54, 254-288
• Über Sternzellen der Leber, Versammlung 1898, Veröffentlicht 1898, anatomische Geselschaft

[edit] References

• This article is based on a translation of an article from the German Wikipedia.

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