Joseph I
Holy Roman Emperor; King of the Romans, Hungary and Bohemia [1][1]
King in Germany (King of the Romans)
Reign	23 January 1690–17 April 1711
Coronation	26 January 1690, Augsburg
Predecessor	Leopold I
Successor	Charles VI
King of Hungary
Reign	9 December 1687–17 April 1711
Coronation	9 December 1687, Pressburg
Predecessor	Leopold I
Successor	Charles VI
King of Bohemia
Reign	5 May 1705–17 April 1711
Predecessor	Leopold I
Successor	Charles VI
Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria
Reign	5 May 1705–17 April 1711
Predecessor	Leopold I
Successor	Charles VI
Spouse	Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick
Issue
Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland Archduke Leopold Joseph Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
House	House of Habsburg
Father	Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother	Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg
Born	26 July 1678(1678-07-26) Vienna, Austria
Died	17 April 1711 (aged 32) Vienna, Austria

Joseph I (26 July 1678 – 17 April 1711), Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of the Romans^[2][2] was the elder son of Emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg, who was the daughter of Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine.

Born in Vienna, he was educated strictly by Prince Dietrich Otto von Salm and became a good linguist. In 1687, he received the crown of Hungary and became King of the Romans on 6 January 1690.

[edit] Emperor

Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, in imperial regalia

In 1702, at the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, he saw his only military service. He joined the Imperial General, Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden, in the siege of Landau.

He succeeded his father as emperor in 1705. It was his good fortune to govern the Austrian dominions and to be head of the Empire, during the years in which his trusted general, Prince Eugene of Savoy, either acting alone in Italy or with the Duke of Marlborough in Germany and Flanders, was beating the armies of Louis XIV of France. During the whole of his reign, Hungary was disturbed by the conflict with Francis Rákóczi II, who eventually took refuge in the Ottoman Empire. The emperor reversed many of the authoritative measures of his father, thus helping to placate opponents. He began the attempts to settle the question of the Austrian inheritance by a pragmatic sanction, which was continued by his brother Charles VI. Joseph died in Vienna from smallpox.

[edit] Marriage and children

In 1699, he married Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick, daughter of John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. They had three children:

• Maria Josepha of Austria (8 December 1699 – 17 November 1757); she married August III ("the Saxon")
• Archduke Leopold Joseph of Austria (29 October 1700 – 4 August 1701)
• Maria Amalia of Austria (22 October 1701 – 11 December 1756); she married Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor

[edit] Ancestors

v • d • e House of Habsburg   Ferdinand II Spouse(s) Maria Anna of Bavaria  • Eleonor Gonzaga Children Archduchess Christine  • Archduke Charles  • Archduke John Charles  • Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor  • Archduchess Maria Anna  • Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland  • Archduke Leopold Wilhelm Armorial of the Holy Roman Empire   Ferdinand III Spouse(s) Infanta Maria Anna of Spain  • Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria  • Eleanor Gonzaga Children Ferdinand IV of Hungary  • Mariana, Queen of Spain  • Archduke Philip August  • Archduke Maximilian Thomas  • Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor  • Archduke Charles Joseph  • Archduchess Theresia Maria Josefa  • Eleonora Maria Josefa, Queen of Poland; Duchess of Lorraine  • Maria Anna Josepha, Electress Palatine  • Archduke Ferdinand Josef   Leopold I Spouse(s) Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain  • Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria  • Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate Children Archduke Ferdinand Wenze  • Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria  • Archduke Johann Leopold  • Archduchess aria Anna Antonia  • Archduchess Anna Maria Sophia  • Archduchess Maria Josepha  • Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor  • Archduchess Christina  • Archduchess Maria Elisabeth  • Archduke Leopold Joseph  • Maria Anna, Queen of Portugl  • Archduchess Maria Theresia  • Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor  • Achduchess Maria Josepha  • Archduchess Maria Magdalena  • Archduchess Maria Margaretha   Joseph I Spouse(s) Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick Children Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony  • Archduke Leopold Joseph  • Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress   Charles VI Spouse(s) HH Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Children Archduke Leopold Johann  • Maria Theresa of Austria  • Archduchess Maria Anna, Princess Charles Alexander of Lorraine  • Archduchess Maria Amalia grandhildren Archduchess Maria Elisabeth • Archduchess Maria Anna, Abbess of Imperial and Royal Convent for Noble Ladies  • Archduchess Maria Karolina  • Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor  • Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen  • Archduchess Maria Elisabeth  • Archduke Charles Joseph  • Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma  • Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor  • Archduchess Maria Carolina Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela  • Archduchess Maria Josepha  • Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily  • Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria-Este  • Maria Antoinia, Queen of France  • Archduke Maximilian Franz

[edit] Titles

Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of Croatia, King of Slavonia, King of Dalmatia, Archduke of Austria, King of Germany, Duke of Teschen

[edit] See also

• Kings of Germany family tree. He was related to every other king of Germany.

[edit] References

[edit] Sources

• F. Krones von Marchiand, Grundriss der Oesterreichischen Geschichte (1882)
• F. Wagner, Historia Josephi Caesaris (1746)
• J.C. Herchenhahn, Geschichte der Regierung Kaiser Josephs I (1786—1789)
• C. van Noorden, Europäische Geschichte im achtzehnten Jahrhundert (1870—1882).

[edit] External links

• Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor in the German National Library catalogue (German)
• Joseph I.: „Regina coeli“

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor

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• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.