Josef Albers
Homage to the Square, 1965
Born	March 19, 1888(1888-03-19) Bottrop, Westphalia Germany
Died	March 25, 1976 (aged 88)
Nationality	German-American
Field	Abstract Painting, Study of Color
Movement	Geometric abstraction

Josef Albers (March 19, 1888 – March 25, 1976^[1]) was a German-born American artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of some of the most influential and far-reaching art education programs of the 20th century.

Contents 1 Life 2 Style 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External links

[edit] Life

Albers was born in Bottrop, Westphalia (Germany). He studied art in Berlin, Essen, and Munich, before enrolling as a student at the prestigious Weimar Bauhaus in 1920. He began teaching in the preliminary course of the Department of Design in 1922, and was promoted to Professor in 1925, the year the Bauhaus moved to Dessau. His work at this time included designing furniture and working with glass. At this time he married Anni Albers who was also a student at the Bauhaus.

With the closure of the Bauhaus under Nazi pressure in 1933, Albers immigrated to the United States and joined the faculty of Black Mountain College, North Carolina, where he ran the painting program until 1949. At Black Mountain his students included Robert Rauschenberg, Cy Twombly, Ray Johnson and Susan Weil. Weil remarked that as a teacher, Albers was "his own academy" and said that Albers claimed that "when you’re in school, you’re not an artist, you’re a student", though he was very supportive of expressing one's self and his or her own style when one became an artist and began his or her journey.^[2] Albers produced many woodcuts and leaf studies at this time.

In 1950 Albers left Black Mountain to head the Department of Design at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, until he retired from teaching in 1958. In 1962, as a fellow at Yale, he received a grant from the Graham Foundation for an exhibit and lecture on his work. At Yale, Richard Anuszkiewicz and Eva Hesse were notable students. Albers also collaborated with Yale professor and architect King-lui Wu in creating decorative designs for some of Wu's projects. Among these were distinctive geometric fireplaces for the Rouse (1954) and DuPont (1959) houses, the façade of Manuscript Society, one of Yale's secret senior groups (1962), and a design for the Mt. Bethel Baptist Church (1973). Also, at this time he worked on his structural constellation pieces. In 1963 he published Interaction of Color which presented his theory that colors were governed by an internal and deceptive logic. Also during this time, he created the abstract album covers of band leader Enoch Light's Command LP records. Albers continued to paint and write, staying in New Haven with his wife, textile artist Anni Albers, until his death in 1976.

Accomplished as a designer, photographer, typographer, printmaker and poet, Albers is best remembered for his work as an abstract painter and theorist. He favored a very disciplined approach to composition. Most famous of all are the hundreds of paintings and prints that make up the series Homage to the Square. In this rigorous series, begun in 1949, Albers explored chromatic interactions with flat colored squares arranged concentrically. Painting usually on Masonite, he used a palette knife with oil colors and often recorded colors used on the back of his works.

In 1971 (nearly five years before his death), Albers founded the Josef and Anni Albers Foundation^[3], a non-profit organization he hoped would further "the revelation and evocation of vision through art." Today, this organization not only serves as the office Estate of both Josef Albers and his wife Anni Albers, but also supports exhibitions and publications focused on Albers works. The official Foundation building is located in Bethany, Connecticut and "includes a central research and archival storage center to accommodate the Foundation's art collections, library and archives, and offices, as well as residence studios for visiting artists."^[4] The U.S. copyright representative for the Josef and Anni Albers Foundation is the Artists Rights Society^[5]. The executive director of the foundation is Nicholas Fox Weber, an author of fourteen books.^[6]

[edit] Style

Albers's work represents a transition between traditional European art and the new American art.^[7] It incorporated European influences from the constructivists and the Bauhaus movement, and its intensity and smallness of scale were typically European.^[7] But his influence fell heavily on American artists of the late 1950s and the 1960s.^[7] "Hard-edge" abstract painters drew on his use of patterns and intense colors,^[8] while Op artists and conceptual artists further explored his interest in perception.^[7]

[edit] See also

• Architype Albers (typeface based on Albers 1927–1931 experimentation with geometrically constructed stencil type)
• Bauhaus
• Richard Anuszkiewicz (American painter of the Op-Art movement, noted student of Albers)
• Norman Carlberg (sculptor, noted student of Albers)
• Erwin Hauer (sculptor, noted student of Albers)
• Harry Seidler (architect, noted student of Albers)
• Eva Hesse (sculptor, noted student of Albers)
• Julian Stanczak (painter, noted student of Albers)
• Robert Engman (sculptor, noted student of Albers)

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

• Albers, Josef (1975). Interaction of Color. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300115956. 

• Bucher, François (1977). Josef Albers: Despite Straight Lines: An Analysis of His Graphic Constructions. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 

• Danilowitz, Brenda; Fred Horowitz (2006). Josef Albers: to Open Eyes : The Bauhaus, Black Mountain College, and Yale. Phaidon Press. ISBN 9780714845999. 

• Diaz, Eva (2008). "The Ethics of Perception: Josef Albers in the United States". Volume XC Number 2 (June): The Art Bulletin. 

• Weber, Nicholas Fox; Fred Licht (1988). Josef Albers: A Retrospective (exh. cat.).. New York: Guggenheim Museum Publications. ISBN 9780810918764. 

• Weber, Nicholas Fox; Fred Licht, Brenda Danilowitz (1994). Josef Albers: Glass, Color, and Light (exh. cat., Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice). New York: Guggenheim Museum Publications. ISBN 9780810968646. 

• Wurmfeld, Sanford; Neil K. Rector, Floyd Ratliff (August 1, 1996). Color Function Painting: The Art of Josef Albers, Julian Stanczak and Richard Anuszkiewicz. Contemporary Collections. ISBN 9780972095600. 

[edit] External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Joseph Albers

• Josef Albers interview, 1968 June 22-July 5, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
• Josef Albers Guggenheim Museum
• The Josef & Anni Albers Foundation
• Tate Modern Exhibition, London 2006
• Cooper Hewitt Museum Exhibition, 2004
• Artists Rights Society, Albers's U.S. Copyright Representatives

Works By Josef Albers

• Brooke Alexander Gallery
• Waddington Galleries

Persondata
NAME	Albers, Josef
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Albers, Joseph
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Bauhaus artist and teacher
DATE OF BIRTH	March 19, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH	Bottrop, Westphalia, Germany
DATE OF DEATH	March 26, 1976
PLACE OF DEATH	New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America