John Grinder
Name:	John Grinder
Birth:	1940 United States
School/tradition:	Linguistics
Main interests:	Transformational grammar, NLP modeling, Cybernetic epistemology
Notable ideas:	Neuro-linguistic programming, New Code of NLP
Influences:	Noam Chomsky, Bertrand Russell, George A. Miller, Gregory Bateson, Milton H. Erickson, Virginia Satir, Fritz Perls, Frank Farrelly, Paul Watzlawick, Alfred Korzybski, Hans Vaihinger
Influenced:	Richard Bandler, Stephen Gilligan, Robert Dilts, Brief therapy, Ericksonian hypnosis, Kevin Hogan

John Grinder Ph.D. (pronounced /ˈɡrɪndər/ GRINN-dər; born 1940) is an American linguist, author, management consultant, trainer and speaker. Grinder is credited with the co-creation with Richard Bandler of the field of Neuro-linguistic programming. He is co-director of Quantum Leap Inc., a management consulting firm founded by his partner Carmen Bostic St. Clair in 1987 (Grinder joined in 1989). Grinder and Bostic St. Clair also run workshops and seminars on NLP internationally.

Contents 1 Biography 2 Development of Neuro-linguistic programming 2.1 New code of NLP 3 Bibliography 3.1 Linguistics 3.2 Reviews and discussion by others 3.3 Neuro-linguistic programming 3.4 New code of NLP 4 See also 5 Notes and references 6 External links

[edit] Biography

John Thomas Grinder, Jr.[1] graduated from the University of San Francisco with a degree in psychology in the early 1960s. Grinder then entered the United States Army where he served as a Captain in the US Special Forces in Europe during the Cold War; following this he apparently went on to work for a US Intelligence Agency. In the late 1960s, Grinder went back to college to study Linguistics and received his Ph.D. from the University of California, San Diego in 1971.^[1] His dissertation was titled On Deletion Phenomena in English and was published by Mouton in 1976.^[2]

In the early 1970s Grinder worked in George A. Miller's lab at Rockefeller University.^[3] After receiving his Ph.D. Grinder took a full-time assistant professor position at the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) linguistics faculty. He engaged in undergraduate and graduate teaching, and research. His research focused on Noam Chomsky's theories of transformational grammar specializing in syntax and deletion phenomena. He published several research papers with Paul Postal on the syntactical structures relating to "missing antecedents"^[4] or missing parasitic gaps for the pronoun. They argued that the syntactic structure of a deleted verb phrase (VP) is complete.^[5][6][7]. Postal and Grinder's doctoral adviser at UCSC, Edward Klima^[8] were involved in the early development of generative semantics.

Grinder also published a linguistics text book with Suzette Elgin titled A Guide to Transformational Grammar: History, Theory, Practice .^[9] In 2005 Grinder published Steps to an Ecology of Emergence^[10] with Tom Malloy and Carmen Bostic St Clair in the journal Cybernetics and Human Knowing.

[edit] Development of Neuro-linguistic programming

In 1972, while at UCSC, Grinder was approached by an undergraduate psychology student, Richard Bandler, who requested his assistance to model Gestalt therapy. Bandler had spent much time recording and editing recordings of Fritz Perls (founder of Gestalt therapy) and had learned Gestalt therapy implicitly. Starting with Fritz Perls, followed by leading figure in family therapy Virginia Satir, and later the leading figure in hypnosis in psychiatry Milton Erickson, Grinder and Bandler continued to model the various cognitive behavioral patterns of these therapists, which they published in The Structure of Magic Volumes I & II (1975, 1976), Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, Volumes I & II (1975, 1977) and Changing With Families (1976). This work formed the basis of the methodology that became the foundation of Neuro-Linguistic Programming.

Bandler and Grinder began hosting seminars and practice groups. These served as a place for Bandler and Grinder to practice and test their newly discovered patterns while allowing them to transfer the skills to the participants. Several books were published based on transcripts of their seminars including Frogs into Princes (1979). During this period, a creative group of students and psychotherapists formed around Grinder and Bandler, who made valuable contributions to NLP, including Robert Dilts, Leslie Cameron-Bandler, Judith DeLozier, Stephen Gilligan and David Gordon.

In the 1980s Bandler, Grinder and their group of associates split acrimoniously, and stopped working together. Following this, many members of their group went out on their own and took NLP in their own directions. Some of Bandler and Grinder's books went out of print for a while due to legal problems between the co-authors. Structure I & II, and Patterns I & II considered the foundation of the field were later republished. Bandler attempted to claim legal ownership of the term Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP), however it was eventually deemed to be a generic term, and could therefore not be trademarked. Grinder and Bandler settled their claims around 2001, clearing a platform for the future development of NLP as a legitimate field of endeavor.^[11]

[edit] New code of NLP

Between 1982-1987, strongly influenced by anthropologist and systems theorist Gregory Bateson, who had a strong focus on ecology as a psychological construct, Grinder and Judith DeLozier collaborated to develop the New Code of NLP. Grinder and Bateson had met during their affiliation with Kresge College at the University of California, Santa Cruz during the 1970s. Grinder and Delozier presented an aesthetic framework for the "classic code" of NLP that explicates the involvement of ecology and the unconscious mind in change work. Ecology in NLP is about respecting the integrity of the system as a whole when assessing a change to that system; the 'system' in this case is a person's model of the world and the consequences of that model in the person's environment. Practically speaking, this consideration entails asking questions like "What are the intended effects of this change? What other effects might this change have, and are those effects desirable? Is this change still a good idea?" The seminars were transcribed and published in 1987, Turtles All the Way Down; Prerequisites to Personal Genius.

The New Code of NLP has been further developed by John Grinder and Carmen Bostic St Clair who founded Quantum Leap Inc.; a cultural change consultancy firm. Currently John and Carmen present some public seminars on NLP internationally. In 2001, Grinder (with Bostic St Clair) published Whispering in the Wind with "[a] set of recommendations as to how specifically NLP can improve its practice and take its rightful place as a scientifically based endeavor with its precise focus on modeling of the extremes of human behavior: excellence and the high performers who actually do it."^[12] Grinder has since strongly encouraged the field to make a recommitment to what he considers the core activity of NLP, modeling.^[13]

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] Linguistics

• John Grinder (1969). "Conjunct splitting in Samoan". Linguistic Notes from La Jolla (La Jolla, CA) (University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Linguistics) 2: 46–79. OCLC 16334022. 

• John Grinder (1970). "Super Equi-NP Deletion". Papers from the Sixth Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society. University of Chicago. pp. 297–317. 
• John Grinder (1971). On Deletion Phenomena in English. Dissertation Abstracts: Section A. Humanities and Social Science (PhD. linguistics). 32: 2077A. University of California, San Diego. OCLC 17641707. 
• John Grinder, Paul Postal (Winter, 1971). "A Global Constraint on Deletion". Linguistic Inquiry (MIT Press) 2 (1): 110–112. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4177614. 
• John Grinder (Autumn, 1971). "Double Indices". Linguistic Inquiry (MIT Press) 2 (4): 572. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4177667. 
• John Grinder (Spring, 1971). "Chains of Co-reference". Linguistic Inquiry (MIT Press) 2 (2): 183–202. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4177624. 
• John Grinder, Paul Postal (Summer, 1971). "Missing Antecedents". Linguistic Inquiry (MIT Press) 2 (3): 269–312. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4177639. 
• John Grinder (1971). "A Reply to Super Equi-NP Deletion as Dative Deletion". in Douglas, A.. Papers from the Seventh Regional meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago, Illinois.. pp. 101–111. 
• John Grinder (1972). "On the Cycle in Syntax". in John P. Kimball. Syntax and Semantics I. New York, Academic Press. pp. 81–112. 

• John Grinder and Suzette Elgin (1975). "Bully for Us". Syntax and Semantics (Los Angeles, CA: Academic Press) 4: 239–47. 
• John Grinder, Suzette Elgin (1973). A Guide to Transformational Grammar: History, Theory, Practice. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 0030801265. 
• John Grinder (1976). On deletion phenomena in English. Janua linguarum. Series minor. The Hauge: Mouton. ISBN 9027930058 OCLC 2807166. 

[edit] Reviews and discussion by others

• Frank H. Nuessel, Jr. (1974). "Citation retrieved from Blackwell Review: Grinder, J., and Elgin, S., (1973) A Guide to Transformational Grammar: History, Theory, Practice"". The Modern Language Journal (Blackwell) 58 (5): 282–283. http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/mlj/newsearchres.asp?contenttype=RR&topic=Theory%20AND%20Practice&searchtype=adv Citation retrieved from Blackwell. 

• Gary Prideaux (1974). "Review: A Guide to Transformational Grammar: History, Theory, Practice". The Canadian Journal of Linguistics 19 (2): 193–205.. 
• Xohrab, P. D. (1986). "Verbal-phrase anaphora: linguistics or cognitive science?". Studies in Language 10 (2): 425–447. 

[edit] Neuro-linguistic programming

• Bandler, Richard., and John Grinder (1975a). The Structure of Magic I: A Book About Language and Therapy. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books. ISBN 0831400447. 
• Bandler, Richard., and John Grinder (1975b). The Structure of Magic II: A Book About Communication and Change. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books. ISBN 0-8314-0049-8. 
• Satir, Virginia., Grinder, John., and Bandler, Richard. (1976). Changing with Families: a book about further education for being human. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books. ISBN 0-8314-0051-X. 
• Grinder, John., and Richard Bandler (1976). Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, M.D. Volume I. Cupertino, CA: Meta Publications. ISBN 1555520529. 
• Grinder, John., Richard Bandler, and Judith Delozier (1977). Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, M.D. Volume II. Cupertino, CA: Meta Publications. ISBN 1555520537. 
• John Grinder, and Richard Bandler (1979). Frogs into Princes: Neuro Linguistic Programming. Moab, UT: Real People Press.. pp. 194pp. ISBN 0-911226-19-2. 
• Dilts, Robert., John Grinder, Richard Bandler, Leslie Cameron-Bandler, and Judith Delozier (1980). Neuro-Linguistic Programming: Volume I: The Study of the Structure of Subjective Experience. Scotts Valley, CA: Meta Publications. ISBN 0916990079. 
• Grinder, John.; Richard Bandler; Connirae Andreas (ed.) (1981). Trance-Formations: Neuro-Linguistic Programming and the Structure of Hypnosis. Moab, UT: Real People Press. ISBN 0-911226-23-0. 
• Grinder, John., and Richard Bandler (1983). Reframing: Neuro-linguistic programming and the transformation of meaning. Moab, UT: Real People Press. ISBN 0-911226-25-7. 

[edit] New code of NLP

• Grinder, John. and Judith DeLozier (1987). Turtles All the Way Down: Prerequisites to Personal Genius. Scotts Valley, CA: Grinder & Associates. ISBN 1-55552-022-7. 
• Grinder, John., and Michael McMaster (1993). Precision: A New Approach to Communication: How to Get the Information You Need to Get Results. Scotts Valley, CA: Grinder & Associates. ISBN 1-55552-049-9. 
• Charlotte Bretto Milliner (ed.)., John Grinder (ed.) and Sylvia Topel (ed.) (1994). Leaves before the wind: leading edge applications of NLP. Scotts Valley, CA: Grinder & Associates. ISBN 1555520510. 
• Grinder, John., and Carmen Bostic St Clair (2001). Whispering in the Wind. Scotts Valley, CA: J & C Enterprises. ISBN 0-9717223-0-7. 
• Tom Malloy, Carmen Bostic St Clair, John Grinder (2005). "Steps to an ecology of emergence". Cybernetics & Human Knowing (Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic ISSN 0907-0877) 11(3): 102–119.. http://www.psych.utah.edu/stat/dynamic_systems/Content/examples/E42_Manual/Steps-to-an-Ecology-of-Emergence_online-format.pdf. 
• Grinder, John., Carmen Bostic St Clair, and Tom Malloy. RedTail Math: the epistemology of everyday life (Working title). 

[edit] See also

• Transformational Grammar
• Neuro-linguistic programming
• Modeling (NLP)
• Richard Bandler
• List of NLP topics

[edit] Notes and references

1. ^ Linguistics dissertations at UCSD, 1972
2. ^ John Grinder (1971). On deletion phenomena in English. Thesis (PhD. in Linguistics). University of California, San Diego. OCLC 17641707. 
3. ^ "The Bio of John Grinder". NLP University. http://www.nlpu.com/grindbio.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-26. 
4. ^ John Grinder, Paul Postal (1971). "Missing Antecedents". Linguistic Inquiry (Mouton & Co.,) 2: 269–312. 
5. ^ Labov, W., Fox, RC. (1973) "Sociolinguistic patterns: Physicians and Patients Facing the Unknown" ISBN 0812210522 p.198
6. ^ Postal, P. (2008) Missing Parasitic Gaps In "Parasitic Gaps", Peter W. Culicover (Ed.) The MIT Press.
7. ^ Linguistic Theory: Syntax, semantics, pragmatics. Annual Reviews p.351
8. ^ UCSD 1972 alumni
9. ^ Elgin has since published various poems and short stories, she is also know for her non-fiction series Gentle Art of Verbal Self-Defense series.e.g. Elgin, S. The Gentle Art of Verbal Self-Defense (1980), ISBN 0-13-351080-8
10. ^ Malloy, T. E., Bostic St Clair, C. & Grinder, J. (2005). "Steps to an ecology of emergence". Cybernetics & Human Knowing 11 (3): 102–119.. http://www.psych.utah.edu/stat/dynamic_systems/Content/examples/Ecology-of-Emergence_Galley-proofs_Malloy-et-al.pdf. 
11. ^ (See Appendix of Whispering in the Wind.)
12. ^ Grinder, John & Carmen Bostic St Clair (2001.). Whispering in the Wind. CA: J & C Enterprises. pp. 127, 171, 222, ch.3, Appendix. -. 
13. ^ "Dr. John Grinder, Co-creator of NLP, Inspiritive Guest Presenter (2007, 2008)". Inspiritive. http://www.inspiritive.com.au/jg.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-26. 

[edit] External links

• Official Website of John Grinder; co-creator of NLP
• UK homepage for John Grinder
• 1996 Inspiritive interview with John Grinder
• 1997 Inspiritive interview with John Grinder
• 2002 Interview with John Grinder and Carmen Bostic St Clair
• 2003 Video Interview with John Grinder
• Grinder's Biography on Robert Dilts web site