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James Melvin "Jimmie" Lunceford (June 6, 1902 – July 12, 1947) was an American jazz alto saxophonist and bandleader of the swing era.

[edit] Biography

Lunceford was born in Fulton, Mississippi, but attended school in Denver where he was taught music by Wilberforce Whiteman, the father of big band leader Paul Whiteman and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree at Fisk University. In addition to music, he also participated in athletics, including baseball, basketball, football, track and boxing.

[edit] Career

In 1927, while teaching at Manassas High School in Memphis, Tennessee, he organized a student band, the Chickasaw Syncopators, whose name was changed to the Jimmie Lunceford Orchestra when it began touring. Lunceford was the first high school band director in Memphis. The orchestra made its first recording in 1930. After a period of touring, the band accepted a booking at the prestigious Harlem nightclub, The Cotton Club in 1934. The Cotton Club had already featured Duke Ellington and Cab Calloway, who won their first widespread fame from their inventive shows for the Cotton Club's all-white patrons. Lunceford's orchestra, with their tight musicianship and often outrageous humor in their music and lyrics made an ideal band for the club, and Lunceford's reputation began to steadily grow.^[1]

Comedy and vaudeville played a distinct part in Lunceford's presentation. Songs such as "Rhythm Is Our Business", "I'm Nuts about Screwy Music", "I Want the Waiter (With the Water)", and "Four or Five Times" displayed a playful sense of swing, often through clever arrangements by Sy Oliver and bizarre lyrics. Lunceford's stage shows often included costumes, skits, and obvious jabs at mainstream white jazz bands, such as Paul Whiteman's and Guy Lombardo's.

Despite the band's comic veneer, Lunceford always maintained professionalism in the music befitting a former teacher; this professionalism paid off and during the apex of swing in the 1930s, the Orchestra was considered the equal of Duke Ellington's, Earl Hines' or Count Basie's. This precision can be heard in such pieces as "Wham (Re-Bop-Boom-Bam)", "Lunceford Special", "For Dancers Only", "Uptown Blues", and "Stratosphere". Arranger and trumpeter Sy Oliver gave the orchestra its trademark two-beat rhythm. The band's noted saxophone section was led by alto sax player Willie Smith. Lunceford often used a conducting baton to lead his band.

The orchestra began recording for the Decca label and later signed with the Columbia subsidiary Vocalion in 1938. They toured Europe extensively in 1937, but had to cancel a second tour in 1939 because of the outbreak of World War II. Columbia dropped Lunceford in 1940 because of flagging sales. (Oliver departed the group before the scheduled European tour to take a position as an arranger for Tommy Dorsey). Lunceford returned to the Decca label.

The orchestra appeared in the 1941 movie Blues in the Night.

[edit] Death

On July 12, 1947, while playing in Seaside, Oregon, Lunceford collapsed and died from cardiac arrest during an autograph session. Allegations and rumors circulated that Jimmie had been poisoned by a fish-restaurant owner who was unhappy at having to serve a "Negro" in his establishment.^{[citation needed]} This story is given credence by the fact other members of Lunceford's band who ate at this restaurant were sickened within hours of the meal.^{[citation needed]} Lunceford was only 45. He was laid to rest at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee.

[edit] Legacy

Band members, notably Eddie Wilcox and Joe Thomas kept the band going for a time but finally had to break up the Jimmie Lunceford Orchestra in 1949.

In 1999, band-leader Robert Veen and a team of musicians set out to acquire permission to use the original band charts and arrangements of the Jimmie Lunceford canon. The Jimmie Lunceford Legacy Orchestra officially debuted in July 2005 at the North Sea Jazz Festival.

The Jimmie Lunceford Jamboree Festival was founded in 2007 by Ron Herd II a.k.a. R2C2H2 Tha Artivist and Artstorian, with the aim of increasing recognition of Lunceford's contribution to jazz, particularly in Memphis, Tennessee. The Jimmie Lunceford Legacy Awards was created by the Jimmie Lunceford Jamboree Festival to honor exceptional musicians with Memphis ties as well as those who have dedicated their careers to excellence in music and music education.

On July 19, 2009, a brass note was dedicated to Lunceford on Beale Street.

[edit] Selected discography

Prior to Lunceford's success on Decca (September, 1934 on), he made the following recordings:

"In Dat Mornin'"/"Sweet Rhythm" (Victor V-38141)- recorded Memphis, June 6, 1930

"Flaming Reeds and Screaming Brass"/"While Love Lasts" (Columbia tests - not issued until the late 1960s on LP) - recorded New York, May 15, 1933

"Jazznocracy"/"Chillen", Get Up (Victor 24522)
"White Heat"/"Leaving Me" (Victor 24586) - both recorded New York, January 26, 1934

"Breakfast Ball"/"Here Goes" (Victor 24601)
"Swingin' Uptown"/"Remember When" (Victor 24669) - both recorded New York, March 20, 1934

[edit] The Decca recordings

Stomp it Off (1934-1935 Decca recordings) (GRP CD)
Swingsation (1935-1939 Decca recordings) (1998 GRP CD)
Lunceford Special (1939 Columbia recordings) (ca 1975 Columbia LP)
Rhythm is Our Business (1933-1940, both periods and record companies, successively) (ASV CD)
For Dancers Only (GRP/Decca) (1994)
Jukebox Hits: 1937-1947 (Acrobat) (2005)
Life is Fine or Quadromania (Membran/Quadromania Jazz) (2006)

[edit] Trivia

The Chickasaw Syncopators made a single 78 record on December 13, 1927 in Memphis (but without Lunceford); it was issued on Columbia 14301-D.

[edit] References

^ Determeyer, Eddy (2006). Rhythm Is Our Business: Jimmie Lunceford and the Harlem Express. University of Michigan Press. pp. 344. ISBN 978-0-472-11553-2.

[edit] External links

[0] Determeyer, Eddy (2006). Rhythm Is Our Business: Jimmie Lunceford and the Harlem Express. University of Michigan Press. pp. 344. ISBN 978-0-472-11553-2.

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