Jaws 3-D
Jaws 3-D film poster
Directed by	Joe Alves
Produced by	Rupert Hitzig
Written by	Story: Guerdon Trueblood Screenplay: Carl Gottlieb Richard Matheson Uncredited: Michael Kane
Starring	Dennis Quaid, Bess Armstrong, Simon MacCorkindale, Louis Gossett Jr., John Putch
Music by	Alan Parker Theme: John Williams
Cinematography	James A. Contner; Chris Condon
Editing by	Corky Ehlers; Randy Roberts
Distributed by	Universal Pictures
Release date(s)	July 22, 1983
Running time	99 min.
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$18 million[1]
Gross revenue	$87,987,055
Preceded by	Jaws 2
Followed by	Jaws: The Revenge

Jaws 3-D (also known as Jaws 3) is an 1983 horror–thriller film directed by Joe Alves and starring Dennis Quaid (in his first lead role). It is the second sequel to 1975's Jaws.

As SeaWorld, a water park with underwater tunnels and lagoons, prepares for opening, a young great white shark infiltrates the park from the sea, seemingly attacking and killing water skiers and park employees. Once the baby shark is captured, it becomes apparent that it was the mother, a much larger shark who also entered the park, who was the real killer.

The film is notable for making use of 3-D film during the revived interest in the technology in the 1980s, amongst other horror films such as Friday the 13th Part III and Amityville 3-D. Cinema audiences could wear disposable cardboard polarized glasses to create the illusion that elements penetrate the screen.^[2] Several shots and sequences were designed to utilise the effect, such as the shark's destruction. Since the 3-D is ineffective in home viewing, the alternative title Jaws III is used for television broadcasts, VHS and DVD.^[1]

Contents 1 Plot 2 Cast 3 Production 3.1 3-D 4 Music 4.1 Track listing 5 Reception 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Plot

The oldest son from the first two Jaws films, Michael Brody (played by Dennis Quaid) now works as the chief engineer of SeaWorld in Florida, which is preparing for the launch of its new "Undersea Kingdom," a set of tunnels where people can "view the wonders of the deep without ever getting wet." Michael lives with his girlfriend, Katherine Morgan (Bess Armstrong), who is senior biologist at the park. The film opens with a great white following a team of waterskiers, among them Kelly (Lea Thompson). Their boat stalls, but the driver gets it going again before anyone is attacked. When they enter the park from the sea through a gate, the shark follows. The gate is thrown off its rails while closing.

Katherine and her assistants, Dan and Liz (Elizabeth Thomas), wonder why the dolphins are so afraid of leaving their pen. Meanwhile, Shelby Overman (Harry Grant), one of the mechanics, dives into the water to repair the gates. He is attacked by a shark and killed, leaving only a severed arm. The next day, Michael and Katherine go down in a submarine to check the tunnels and find Overman's body. They decide to go into a piece of scenery, the Spanish galleon, although encouraged by Katherine's two dolphins to stay away. They continue the search, leaving the submarine, only to be assaulted by a shark. The dolphins, having sensed trouble from the start and visibly beseeching Katherine to stay in the sub, respond to Katherine's waving hands. They rescue Mike and Katherine by allowing them to ride them back to the safety of their dolphin pen.

The news of the shark is at first disbelieved by park owner Calvin Bouchard (Louis Gossett, Jr.), but is exciting to his friend, the hunter Phillip FitzRoyce (Simon MacCorkindale). Katherine protests FitzRoyce's intent to kill the creature, so capturing it is the decided course. The baby great white is captured and nursed to partial health by Katherine and Liz. Calvin orders it exhibited as the first Great White in captivity. However, it soon dies. Calvin orders a large filtration pipe that funnels salt water into the park shut down after a pressure buildup. Unknown to the park staff, a massive shark has been dwelling inside the pipe, using the flow of water to allow it to rest without drowning. With the pump shut down, it leaves the pipe and heads out into the park proper.

At the underwater tunnel, a girl is terrified when she sees Overman's corpse bob up to a window. Since Overman was killed inside the park, the shark that killed him must be the young shark's mother, still inside the park, but Katherine can't convince Calvin until the shark herself shows up at the window of their underwater cafe. Flushed out from her refuge inside the filtration park, the shark begins to wreak havoc on the park and its customers, causing a leak that nearly drowns everyone in the underwater tunnel. FitzRoyce leads the shark into the filtration pipes, now turned on again, where the water from the ocean is brought into the lagoon, hoping to trap her inside. However, he drifts right into her mouth after his lifeline rope snaps. He prepares a grenade, but he is crushed to death before he can use it.

Hearing the shark has been lured into the pipe, Michael has gone down to repair the underwater tunnel so the technicians can restore air pressure and drain the water, with Katherine to watch his back. He welds the repair piece, but when the pressure in the pipe is shut off to suffocate the shark, she manages to break free from the filtration pipe and attacks Katherine again, but she is protected by the dolphins. They return to the control room with Calvin and the technicians, but the shark smashes through the acrylic glass, flooding the room. Mike notices FitzRoyce's corpse inside the shark's throat, still holding on to the grenade. Mike uses a pole to pull the grenade's pin, and it explodes, killing the shark.

[edit] Cast

• Dennis Quaid as Michael 'Mike' Brody
• Bess Armstrong as Kathryn Morgan
• Simon MacCorkindale as Philip FitzRoyce
• Louis Gossett Jr. as Calvin Bouchard
• John Putch as Sean Brody
• Lea Thompson as Kelly Ann Bukowski
• Harry Grant as Shelby Overman

[edit] Production

David Brown and Richard Zanuck, the producers for the first two films, originally pitched the second Jaws sequel as a spoof named Jaws 3, People 0.^[3] Matty Simmons, fresh off the success of National Lampoon's Animal House, was brought in as producer, with Brown and Zanuck taking on executive producer roles. Simmons outlined a story and commissioned National Lampoon writers John Hughes and Todd Carroll for a script.^[4] Joe Dante was briefly pursued as a director.^[5] The project was shut down due to conflicts with Universal Studios.^[4] David Brown later said a spoof would have been a mistake and that it would be like "fouling in your own nest."^[3]

Alan Landsburg bought the rights to produce the film.^[6] He attempted to involve experimental filmmaker Murray Lerner in Jaws 3, telling him that people at the Marineland theme park in Florida had seen his 1978 3-D film Sea Dream. Lerner said that his "heart sank" when he was sent the first script of Jaws 3-D, saying "I can't really get involved in this". As the production already had an art director, Lerner declined to be involved in the film.^[6]

The film was directed by Joe Alves, who was the production designer for the first two films and was the second unit director for Jaws 2. It had been suggested that Alves co-direct the first sequel with Verna Fields when first director John D. Hancock left the project.^[3] It was filmed at SeaWorld Orlando.^[7]

As with the first two films in the series, many people were involved in writing the film. Richard Matheson, who had written the script for Steven Spielberg's celebrated 1971 television movie Duel, says that he wrote a "very interesting" outline, although the story is credited to "some other writer".^[8] Universal forced Matheson to include Brody's two sons, which the writer "thought was dumb". They also wanted it to be the same shark that was electrocuted in Jaws 2.^[8] Matheson was also requested to write a custom-role for Mickey Rooney, "which I did so successfully that when Mickey Rooney turned out not to be available, the whole part was pointless".^[9] The writer was unhappy with the finished film.

I'm a good storyteller and I wrote a good outline and a good script. And if they had done it right and if it had been directed by somebody who knew how to direct, I think it would have been an excellent movie. Jaws 3-D was the only thing Joe Alves ever directed; the man is a very skilled production designer, but as a director, no. And the so-called 3-D just made the film look murky - it had no effect whatsoever. It was a waste of time.^[8]

Guerdon Trueblood is credited for the story; a reviewer for the website SciFilm says that the screenplay was based upon Trueblood's story about a white shark swimming upstream and becoming trapped in a lake.^[10] Carl Gottlieb, who had also revised the screenplays for the first two Jaws films, was credited for the script alongside Richard Matheson.^[11] Matheson has reported in interviews that the screenplay was revised by script doctors.^[10]

The film did not use any actors from the first two Jaws films. Roy Scheider, who played Police Chief Martin Brody in the first two films, laughed at the thought of Jaws 3, saying that "Mephistopheles ... couldn't talk me into doing [it] ... They knew better than to even ask".^[12] He agreed to do Blue Thunder to ensure his unavailability for Jaws 3-D.^[12]

[edit] 3-D

There was a revival in popularity of 3-D at this time, with many films using the technique. Jaws' second sequel integrated the technology into its title, as did Amityville 3-D. Friday the 13th Part III could also make dual use of the number three.^[13] The gimmick was also advertised in the tagline "the third dimension is terror."^[10] As it was Joe Alves' first film as director, he thought that 3-D would "give him an edge".^[13]

Cinema audiences could wear disposable polarized glasses to view the film, creating the illusion that elements from the film were penetrating the screen to come towards the viewers. The opening sequence makes obvious use of the technique, with the titles flying to the forefront of the screen, leaving a trail. There are more subtle instances in the film where props are meant to leave the screen. The more obvious examples are in the climatic sequence of the shark attacking the control room and its subsequent destruction. The glass as the shark smashes into the room uses 3-D, as does the shot where the shark explodes, with fragmented parts of it apparently bursting through the screen, ending with its jaws. There were many difficulties in making the green screen compositing work in 3-D, and a lot of material had to be reshot.^[6]

Jaws 3-D had two 3-D consultants starting with Chris Condon, president of StereoVision,^[14] and later Stan Loth was added to the team for the Arrivision 3-D. Production began using the StereoVision, but this was dropped after a week for the Arrivision system, "which Alves believed was a superior system because it has a wider variety of lenses".^[13] According to Alves, inferior systems lead to ghosting and blurring, leaving audiences with headaches. He says that "the left and right images [in Jaws 3-D] are very well-matched, and the photography is very clean; it's restful to the eye, and though we do have the occasional effects where things do emerge toward the audience from the plane of projection, you come out of the film without a headache."^[13][15] Historian R. M. Hayes says that the film was shot using both the Arrivision and StereoVision single strip-over-and-under units.^[16] Both cameras were used in conjunction with each other. This is a means of shooting 3D movies in normal color with a single camera and single strip of film: the Arrivision 3D technique uses a special twin-lens adapter fitted to the film camera, and divides the 35 mm film frame in half along the middle, capturing the left-eye image in the upper half of the frame and the right-eye image in the lower half - this is known as "over/under". This allows filming to proceed as for any standard 2D movie, without the considerable additional expense of having to double up on cameras and film stock for every shot. When the resultant film is projected through a normal projector (albeit one requiring a special lens that combines the upper and lower images), a true polarised 3D image is produced. This system allows 3D films to be shown in almost any cinema since it does not require two projectors running simultaneously through the presentation - something most cinemas are not equipped to handle. What is required of the theatre is both the special projection lens and a reflective "silver" screen to enable the polarized images to reflect back to the viewer with the appropriate filter on each eye blocking out the wrong image, thus leaving the viewer to see the movie from two angles as the eyes naturally see the world. According to the company that built the underwater camera housings for Jaws 3-D, the underwater sequences were shot using an Arriflex 35-3 camera with Arrivision 18 mm over/under 3D lens.^[2]

This kind of 3D effect does not work on television without special electronic hardware at the viewer's end, and so with two exceptions, the home video and broadcast TV versions of Jaws 3-D were created using just the left-eye image, and with the title changed to "Jaws 3" or "Jaws III". Because the left-eye image only takes up half the 35 mm film frame, the picture resolution is noticeably poorer than would normally be expected of a movie shot on 35 mm.

One of the above-mentioned exceptions was a 1986 release of the movie for the now-obsolete VHD video disc system (not to be confused with LaserDisc). This required a special 3D VHD player, or a standard VHD player with a hardware 3D adapter, and a set of LCD glasses that shuttered the viewer's eyes according to control signals sent by the player, allowing the polarised 3D effect to work.^[17] The other exception was the Sensio 3-D DVD of Jaws 3-D released in February 2008. The Sensio 3-D Processor is needed for 3-D home viewing.^[18]

TV3 in Malaysia tried to broadcast the 3D version of the film in 2001. The event was advertised heavily and required viewers to buy or obtain a pair of anaglyph glasses to fully enjoy the movie; this was an anaglyph 3D version of the film created from the Arrivision original.^[19][20]

This film was referenced in the 1989 film Back to the Future Part II (which also featured Lea Thompson and produced by original Jaws director Steven Spielberg). When Marty McFly arrives in Hill Valley in the year 2015 he sees that a movie theatre that is playing "Jaws 19", as in the 19th installment of the franchise. The shark from the poster leaps out at him, "eating" him, taking him by surprise and causing him to cower in fear. The shark disappears, revealing it to be a 3-D hologram. He gets up off the ground, shrugs, and calmly says, "The shark still looks fake."^[21]

[edit] Music

Jaws 3-D
Soundtrack by Alan Parker
Released	1983
Recorded	Angel Studios, London
Genre	Orchestral
Length	35:43
Label	MCA Records
Producer	Graham Walker

The score was composed and conducted by Alan Parker, who had previously provided music for British television shows including Van der Valk and Minder.^[22][23] It was Parker's first feature score, but he would later work on What's Eating Gilbert Grape and American Gothic.^[24] John Williams' famous shark motif is, however, integrated into the score. The soundtrack album was released by MCA Records which was absorbed by Geffen Records. The soundtrack was later released on CD by Intrada and was limited to only 3000 copies.^[25]

[edit] Track listing

1. "Jaws 3-D Main Title" (2:59)
2. "Kay and Mike's Love Theme" (2:18)
3. "Panic at Seaworld" (2:07)
4. "Underwater Kingdom and Shark Chase" (4:20)
5. "Shark Chase and Dolphin Rescue" (1:22)
6. "Saved by the Dolphins" (2:05)
7. "The Shark's Gonna Hit Us!" (2:42)
8. "It's Alive/Seaworld Opening Day/Silver Bullet" (2:34)
9. "Overman's Last Dive" (1:18)
10. "Philip's Demise" (4:59)
11. "Night Capture" (4:53)
12. "Jaws 3-D End Titles" (4:06)

[edit] Reception

The film opened in more than a thousand screens across the U.S. There were many promotions to accompany the release of the film. As with Jaws 2, Topps produced a series of trading cards.^[26] Television stations were encouraged to broadcast the featurette, Making of Jaws 3-D: Sharks Don't Die, in a prime-time slot between July 16 and July 22 1983 to take advantage of an advertisement in that week's issue of TV Guide.^[27] Alan Landsburg Productions found itself in trouble for using 90 seconds of footage from the National Geographic's 1983 documentary film "The Sharks" in the featurette without authorization.^[28]

The film grossed $13,422,500 on its opening weekend,^[29] playing to 1,311 theaters at its widest release. This was 29.5% of its total gross. It has achieved total lifetime worldwide gross of $87,987,055.^[30] Despite being #1 at the box office, this illustrates the series' diminishing returns, since Jaws 3-D has earned nearly $100,000,000 less than the total lifetime gross of its predecessor^[31] and $300,000,000 less than the original film.^[32] The final sequel would attract an even lower income, with around two thirds of Jaws 3-D's total lifetime gross.^[33] However, the film was still drawing huge audiences when it was pulled from theaters; film historian R.M. Hayes says this action "was pure nonsense considering some cinemas were actually turning over more money per screen than the latest Star Wars film".^[16]

Reception for the movie was generally poor. Variety calls it "tepid" and suggests that Alves "fails to linger long enough on the Great White."^[34] It has an 11% 'rotten' rating at rottentomatoes.com.^[35] The 3-D was criticised as being a gimmick to attract audiences to the aging series^[36] and for being ineffective.^[37] Allmovie, however, says that "the suspense sequences were made somewhat more memorable during the film's original release with 3-D photography, an attribute lost on video, thereby removing the most distinctive element of an otherwise run-of-the-mill sequel."^[38] Derek Winnert says that "with Richard Matheson's name on the script you'd expect a better yarn" although he continues to say that the film "is entirely watchable with a big pack of popcorn."^[39] Others are disappointed that Matheson and Gottlieb produced this script given their previous success.^[10]

Although most critics are in agreement that Jaws 2 is the best of the Jaws sequels, some are unsure if Jaws-3-D is better than Jaws: The Revenge. One reviewer says of Jaws 3-D:

Campy performances, cheesy special effects, and downright awful dialogue all contribute to making Jaws 3 a truly dismal experience for just about everyone. It's not only hard to believe that a sequel this downright abominable didn't kill the franchise, but that it actually would be followed by a movie that was arguably worse—Jaws: the Revenge.^[24]

Amongst some flaws, some critics describe the film as "marginally entertaining."^[40] The sound design has been commended, however. The moment when an infant's cry is heard when the baby shark dies in the pool is particularly praised by one reviewer.^[10] Gossett, Jet magazine says, was the "only cast member to survive the generally negative reviews".^[29]

It was nominated for five 1983 Golden Raspberry Awards, including worst picture, director, supporting actor (Lou Gossett, Jr.), screenplay, and newcomer (Cindy and Sandy, "The Shrieking Dolphins"), and received none.^[41]

In her screenwriting textbook, Linda Aronson suggests that its protagonist, played by Quaid, is a major problem with the film. She says that after taking too long for him to be introduced, the character is "essentially a passive onlooker". There is no hunt until the climax when the shark is terrorizing the people in the aquarium; only then does Mike Brody become centre of the action. She also highlights inaccuracies in the plot. For instance, she refutes the idea of a "mother shark protecting her offspring [as] sharks do not mother their young", and points out that dolphins can attack sharks.^[42]

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Jaws 3 at the Internet Movie Database
• Jaws 3-D at Allmovie
• Jaws 3 at Rotten Tomatoes
• Jaws 3-D at Box Office Mojo
• Jaws 3-D.com - A French language fansite

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