Jan Guillou
Jan Guillou at the Göteborg Book Fair in 2005.
Born	17 January 1944 (1944-01-17) (age 65) Södertälje, Sweden
Occupation	author, journalist
Nationality	Swedish, French
Genres	spy fiction, historical fiction, political thriller

Jan Oscar Sverre Lucien Henri Guillou (Swedish pronunciation: [jɑːn ɡɪjuː]; born 17 January 1944) is a Swedish author and journalist. Among his books are a series of spy fiction novels about a spy named Carl Hamilton, and a trilogy of historical fiction novels about a Knight Templar, Arn Magnusson. He is the owner of one of the largest publishing companies in Sweden, Piratförlaget, together with Liza Marklund and his common-law wife, publisher Ann-Marie Skarp.

Guillou's fame in Sweden was established during his time as an investigative journalist. In 1973, he and co-reporter Peter Bratt exposed a secret intelligence organization in Sweden, Informationsbyrån (IB). He is still active within journalism as a column writer for the Swedish evening tabloid Aftonbladet.

In October 2009, it was revealed that Guillou had been recruited by the KGB in 1967.^[1] The exposure of his activities came after the tabloid Expressen requested the release of documents from the Swedish Security Service (Säpo) and published information from the Säpo files along with information gained through interviews with former KGB Colonel Oleg Gordievsky about Guillou's case.^[2] The records showed that Guillou's involvement with the KGB continued for five years, until 1972.^[3][4]

Contents 1 Life and career 1.1 Education 1.2 Family 1.3 Employment 2 The IB affair 3 KGB recruitment 4 Political views 4.1 Views on the Middle East 4.2 Views on the United States 4.3 Views on other issues 5 Books 5.1 Hamilton 5.2 Crusades trilogy 5.3 Ondskan 6 Awards and honours 7 References 8 External links

[edit] Life and career

Jan Guillou was born in Södertälje, Stockholm County, Sweden.^[5] His French father, Charles Guillou, came to Sweden as the son of the janitor at the French embassy in Stockholm. His mother, Marianne (nee Botolfsen) Guillou, is of Norwegian descent. Jan Guillou acquired French citizenship at birth and became a Swedish citizen in 1975.^[6] When Guillou's grandfather was appointed French Ambassador to Helsinki, Finland, his father decided to move with him and settled there.^[7] Jan Guillou grew up with his mother and her new husband in Saltsjöbaden and Näsby Park outside of Stockholm.^[5]

[edit] Education

He studied at Vasa Real in Stockholm but was expelled from the school because of his bad behaviour; including physical abuse, theft and blackmail.^[5] He then went on to study for two years at the Solbacka boarding school in Södermanland from where he was also expelled.^[5] He finished his studentexamen (upper-secondary final examination) from the boarding school Viggbyholmsskolan, located in Viggbyholm, in 1964.^[5] Guillou has described his upbringing, with the continous physical abuse from his sadistic stepfather and the harsh treatment at the Solbacka school, in the semi-autobiographical novel Ondskan (1981). His mother, his sister, his teachers and his friends from the Solbacka school have contested his account and called the book a hoax.^[8][9]

[edit] Family

Guillou was married first to the author and translator Marina Stagh, with whom he has the children Dan (born 1970) and Ann-Linn (born 1972) Guillou. His daughter Ann-Linn, a journalist and feminist commentator, lives in a civil union with Sandra Andersson, daughter of film director Roy Andersson.^[10]

Today he lives in a common-law marriage with the book publisher Ann-Marie Skarp. He has an apartment in the Östermalm district of Stockholm, where he has lived for most of his adult life.^[11] He also has a country residence in Flybo, Östhammar Municipality, northern Roslagen, where he lives when he writes his books.^[5]

[edit] Employment

Guillou started his career as a journalist writing for the magazine FIB aktuellt from 1966 to 1967. He later co-founded the Folket i Bild/Kulturfront magazine, at which he worked from 1970 until 1977. He currently writes a column for Aftonbladet and also comments occasionally in other news outlets on current events, particularly the conflicts in the Middle East and miscellaneous domestic issues, including the United States' War on Terrorism, Israeli policy towards the Palestinians, the Swedish Security Service, Swedish courtroom procedures and public inquiries.

Guillou has served as the host of several television programmes: Magazinet (1981–1984), Rekordmagazinet (last years together with Göran Skytte) and Grabbarna på Fagerhult (together with Pär Lorentzon and Leif G. W. Persson), all shown on Sveriges Television.

He co-authored the crime/drama television series Talismanen (TV4, 2003). In the series, Guillou and co-author Henning Mankell both play the roles of themselves. Guillou also authored and narrated the history documentary series Arns rike (TV4, 2004) and Häxornas tid (TV4, 2005).

[edit] The IB affair

In 1973, Folket i Bild/Kulturfront, a left-wing magazine, published a series of articles written by Guillou and Peter Bratt, revealing a Swedish secret intelligence agency called Informationsbyrån ("The Information Bureau" or IB for short).^[12] The articles, based on information initially furnished by former IB employee Håkan Isacson,^[13] described the IB as a secret organization that gathered information on Swedish communists and others deemed to be "security risks". The organization operated outside of the framework of the defense and ordinary intelligence, and was invisible in terms of state budget allocations. The articles in Folket i Bild/Kulturfront accused the IB staff of being engaged in alleged murder, break-ins, wiretapping against foreign embassies in Sweden and spying abroad.^[14]

The exposure of the IB in the magazine, which included headshots with names and social security numbers of some of the alleged staff published under the headline "Spies",^[15] led to a major domestic political scandal known as the "IB affair" (IB-affären). The activities ascribed to this secret outfit and its alleged ties to the Swedish Social Democratic Party were denied by Prime Minister Olof Palme, Defense Minister Sven Andersson and the chief of the Swedish defence forces, Stig Synnergren.^[16] However, later investigations by various journalists and by a public commissions,^[17] as well as autobiographies by the persons involved,^[18] have confirmed some of the activities described by Bratt and Guillou. In 2002, the public commisson published a 3,000 page report where research about the IB-affair was included.^[19]

Guillou, Peter Bratt and Håkan Isacson^[13] were all arrested^[20], tried in camera and convicted of espionage. According to Bratt, the verdict required some stretching of established judicial practice on the part of the court since none of them were accused of having acted in collusion with a foreign power.^[21] They received a ten-month prison sentence; Guillou and Bratt served part of their sentence in solitary cells. Guillou was kept first at Långholmen Prison in central Stockholm and later at Österåker Prison north of the capital.

[edit] KGB recruitment

In October 2009, Swedish tabloid Expressen revealed that Guillou had been working for and receiving money from KGB from 1967 to 1972.^[22] Excerpts from the files released by Säpo were published. The documents revealed that it was Arne Lemberg, a journalist killed in Uganda in 1979, who alerted Säpo about Guillou's involvement with the KGB.^[23]

In press interviews, Guillou has conceded that he had contact with KGB during the 5-year period in question, but he denies any espionage activities. He states that the relationship was limited to discussions with his KGB contact Jevgenij Gergel on political currents in Sweden at the time. According to Guillou's statements to the press, his intention was to expose the KGB espionage journalistically through a scoop based on the activities he was being exposed to.^[24]

Guillou has also publicly acknowledged that he received payment for services and information but maintains that no important secrets affecting national security were sold to the KGB.^[25][26] Säpo's investigation of Guillou's KGB related activities did not lead to any prosecution at the time they were discovered and according to legal analysts commenting on the case in the Swedish press, the statute of limitation prevents new charges from being filed.^[27]

[edit] Political views

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During the 1960s and early 1970s, Guillou was associated with the Maoist Clarté association.^[28] He was also a member of the Communist Party of Sweden (formerly known as the Communist League Marxists-Leninists), a minor Maoist party active mainly during the 1970s, for six months until he was expelled from the party for refusing to pay the monthly member fee while he was living abroad. Today he no longer considers himself a Communist or a Maoist but describes himself as "socialist" with a position on the political spectrum "to the left of the Left Party" (a Swedish party formerly known as the "Left Party Communists").^[5][29]

[edit] Views on the Middle East

Guillou is known for his support of the Palestinian people and he has over the years consistently criticized Israel. In 1976 he wrote: "Zionism is in its foundation racist because the state of Israel is built upon an apartheid system, exactly like South Africa".^[30] He has repeatedly taken the stance that Israel is an "apartheid state".^[31] In an article published in Svenska Dagbladet in 1977, Guillou wrote: "I'm an optimist, I believe that Israel will cease to exist prior to Armageddon".^[32]

In 1977 the book Irak – det nya Arabien ("Iraq – The New Arabia"), written by Guillou and his then-wife Marina Stagh, was published. In the book, which deals with Iraq under the Baath Party before Saddam Hussein's presidency, it is argued that the "European idea of Iraq as a particularly violent country" is simply "a blend of political propaganda and racist fantasies" (pp. 91). Guillou and Stagh did the research for the book in 1975 and they assert that, at this time, "the Baath regime is clearly popular and among the most stable in the Arab World" (pp. 168–169), the freedom of the press enjoyed in Irak was more extensive than in most other countries in the world (pp. 239) and it would come as no surprise to the authors if "well before the year 2000, Iraq will have surpassed European countries in living standards" (pp. 174).

The conditions at the Abu Ghraib prison, which Guillou claims to have visited as the first Western journalist, are described as excellent and even "better than Swedish prisons" (pp. 249–250).^[33] The book was published two years before Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq in 1979. In his autobiography, Ordets makt och vanmakt ("The power and powerlessness of the word") (2009) Guillou states that quotes such as the ones cited, could be considered true back then. He does however also write that Saddam Hussein, who at the time of publishing was the vice-president under president Ahmed Hassan Al Bakr, was the actual leader of Iraq.

[edit] Views on the United States

Immediately following the September 11, 2001 attacks, Guillou caused controversy when he walked out from the Göteborg Book Fair in the midst of the three minutes of silence that had been announced throughout Europe to honour the victims of the attacks. In an article in Aftonbladet, Guillou argued that the event was an act of hypocrisy, stating that "the U.S. is the great mass murderer of our time. The wars against Vietnam and its nearby countries alone claimed four million lives. Without a minute of silence in Sweden". He also criticised those who said that the attacks were "an attack on us all" by stating that the attacks were only "an attack on U.S. imperialism".^[34]

He labeled the media's reaction to the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot and the measures taken to avoid havoc at the airports unnecessary since the suspects had already been caught. He argued that the media coverage was sensationalist and driven by profit considerations, and that the British government used the occasion to give an impression of success in the War on Terrorism. Pointing out that no explosives had been found, he wrote in a column headlined "Don't believe anything written about al-Qaida" that the reactions had resulted in a victimization of the Muslim community.^[35]

[edit] Views on other issues

Ever since the IB affair and the resulting prison sentence for espionage in 1973, Guillou has been a strong critic of the Swedish Security Service. According to Guillou, the Security Service has listed him as a terrorist, which has led to problems with security officials when visiting other countries.^[36]

In recent years, Guillou has repeatedly criticised some people and groups within the Swedish radical feminist movement.^[10] He rejects being called an "antifeminist".^[10]

Guillou has also attracted controversy over his views on homosexuality. He has said that "homosexuality is more of a vogue phenomenon than something you're born into. It's something that has come and gone through history"^[37] and that "homosexuality didn't exist in the 17th century".^[38]

[edit] Books

Guillou's first book, Om kriget kommer, was published in 1971.

[edit] Hamilton

In 1986 Guillou published a novel about the fictional Swedish military spy Carl Hamilton. Guillou's fictional hero was originally drafted and trained to become an attack diver, but was later chosen for special training in California to become a U.S. Navy SEAL. He has a leftist background and was dubbed Coq Rouge by one of his superiors while he was temporarily working for the security police forces(Säkerhetspolisen). The first Coq Rouge novel came to be followed by another eleven books.

Several characters in the books are based on actual people. Jan Guillou himself is the basis of a character named Erik Ponti, which is also the name Guillou uses in the autobiographical novel Ondskan (literally: The Evil).

The Coq Rouge novels

• Coq Rouge - berättelsen om en svensk spion (1986) (literally: Coq Rouge - the story of a Swedish spy)
• Den demokratiske terroristen (1987) (English translation: The Democratic Terrorist)
• I nationens intresse (1988) (English translation: In the interest of the nation)
• Fiendens fiende (1989; English translation Enemy's Enemy by Thomas Keeland published 1992)
• Den hedervärde mördaren (1990) (English translation: The honourable murderer)
• Vendetta (1991)
• Ingen mans land (1992) (English translation: No man's land)
• Den enda segern (1993) (English translation: The only victory)
• I hennes majestäts tjänst (1994) (English translation: In Her Majesty's service) Note that the feminine "hennes majestät" in this case refers to the queen of Britain.
• En medborgare höjd över varje misstanke (1995) (English translation: A citizen raised above every suspicion)
• Madame Terror (2006)
• Men inte om det gäller din dotter (2008) (English translation: But not if it concerns your daughter)

A partial draft of an eleventh novel, along with Guillou's account on why it could not be completed, was published as Hamlon in 1995. Guillou stated that En medborgare höjd över varje misstanke was the last book and in order to make sure that Hamilton would never return, Guillou "banished" him from Sweden through a life sentence. Since he only intended to write about Sweden, no other book would be possible. However, when he was working on Madame Terror, he realised that he needed Hamilton to fill in a specific role. After Hamilton had been revived as a character, he made another major appearance in Men inte om det gäller din dotter, where his life sentence was lifted. Guillou thereby cleared the way for new appearances by Hamilton in future books.

Film and TV adaptations based on Hamilton

• Code Name Coq Rouge, portrayed by Stellan Skarsgård (1989)
• Förhöret, portrayed by Stellan Skarsgård (Television, 1989) (English translation: The interrogation)
• Enemy's Enemy, portrayed by Peter Haber (Television miniseries 1990)
• The Democratic Terrorist, portrayed by Stellan Skarsgård (1992)
• Vendetta, portrayed by Stefan Sauk (1995)
• Tribunal, portrayed by Stefan Sauk (Television, 1995)
• Hamilton, portrayed by Peter Stormare (1998, television miniseries 2001)

[edit] Crusades trilogy

After finishing the Coq Rouge series, Guillou wrote a trilogy about Arn Magnusson, a fictional Swedish character from the Middle Ages forced to become a Knight Templar. The series is an account of the life of Arn Magnusson, a fictional character who becomes a witness as well as a catalyst to many important historical events, both in his homeland of Sweden and in the crusades against the Middle East. The trilogy, dubbed the Crusades trilogy, consists of the following books:

• The Road to Jerusalem, originally Vägen till Jerusalem (1998), forthcoming in 2009
• The Knight Templar, originally Tempelriddaren (1999), ISBN 0-7528-4650-7
• The Kingdom at the End of the Road, originally Riket vid vägens slut (2000)

Guillou also wrote a follow-up novel about Birger Jarl, founder of Stockholm, entitled the Heritage of Arn (Arvet efter Arn, 2001). In Guillou's fictional universe, Birger Jarl is the grandson of Arn Magnusson.

[edit] Ondskan

Guillou has also written an autobiographical book about his school years, Ondskan (1981), which also became a film, Evil (2003). The movie was nominated for an Academy Award in 2003. Guillou, still listed as a terrorist by the USA, was unable to attend. He managed to get a visa, but it was linked to attend the Academy Award ceremony and he was unable to get a ticket. The director Mikael Håfström gave his ticket to his spouse.^[39]

[edit] Awards and honours

• 1984 – Stora Journalistpriset ("Great Journalist Award"), for his writings in the Keith Cederholm-case
• 1984 – Aftonbladets TV-pris ("Aftonbladet TV Award"), in the category "Male Television Person of the Year"
• 1988 – Bästa svenska kriminalroman ("Best Swedish Crime Novel") from the Swedish Academy of Crime Writers, for I nationens intresse
• 1990 – Prix France Culture ("France Culture Award") from France Culture, for Ondskan (awarded as best novel translated into French)
• 1998 – Årets författare ("Author of the Year") from the Swedish Union of Local Government Officers
• 2000 – Årets bok ("Book of the Year") from Månadens Bok, for Riket vid vägens slut

Guillou was also chairman of the Swedish Publicists' Association (Publicistklubben) from 2000 to 2004.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Piratförlaget - Jan Guillou (Swedish), presentation at book publisher's website
• Jan Guillou's column in Aftonbladet (Swedish)
• Group Yahoo fangroup
• The Salomonsson Agency